scholarly journals Biobanking in oncology and radiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel O. Roumiantsev ◽  
Ali M. Mudunov
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Information Logistics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The first biobank in Russia was created in 1998 to investigate post-Chernobyl thyroid tumors. The number of biobanks in the world is growing. Infrastructure and collaboration are improving. Ethical, legal and methodological guidelines for biobanking have been developed and are regularly reviewed. Biobanking objects are now not only biological samples of patients but also their dynamic biomedical characteristics. Comparison of genetics, proteome and tumour metabolism and in vivo radiological visualization is necessary to improve personalized diagnostics, treatment and its effectiveness. The article focuses on international evidence-based experience of sample preparation and cryopreservation of biological samples, information logistics, and integration solutions in biobanking. Guiding principles and the model of a modern biobank, integrating up-to-date technologies of digital personalized medicine and telemedicine in oncology and radiology are reported. The article may be of interest to a wide range of experts in biomedicine, especially oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, geneticists, and IT specialists.

scholarly journals Management of Non metastatic colo-rectal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Viewpoint

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadila Kouhen ◽  
Meriem Chihabeddine ◽  
Mohammed Afif ◽  
Nadia Errafiy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Rectal Cancers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Evidence Based Guideline

Recently, an ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout Morocco and the rest of the world with more than 4.5 million confirmed cases and 300,000 deaths in 188 countries.As oncologists, it’s difficult to choose between delaying oncological treatment which increases the risk of progression and death from the disease and increasing the risk of contamination by Covid 19 Virus for patients who are very vulnerable.Colorectal cancer is a real public health problem, it represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in female.The purpose of the present work is to review the recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for managing patients with Non metastatic colo-rectal cancers during the COVID- 19 crisis.

scholarly journals RB depletion is required for the continuous growth of tumors initiated by loss of RB

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009941
Author(s):  
Alex Doan ◽  
Julia Arand ◽  
Diana Gong ◽  
Alexandros P. Drainas ◽  
Yan Ting Shue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Knock Out Mice

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is functionally inactivated in a wide range of human tumors where this inactivation promotes tumorigenesis in part by allowing uncontrolled proliferation. RB has been extensively studied, but its mechanisms of action in normal and cancer cells remain only partly understood. Here, we describe a new mouse model to investigate the consequences of RB depletion and its re-activation in vivo. In these mice, induction of shRNA molecules targeting RB for knock-down results in the development of phenotypes similar to Rb knock-out mice, including the development of pituitary and thyroid tumors. Re-expression of RB leads to cell cycle arrest in cancer cells and repression of transcriptional programs driven by E2F activity. Thus, continuous RB loss is required for the maintenance of tumor phenotypes initiated by loss of RB, and this new mouse model will provide a new platform to investigate RB function in vivo.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy and Mental Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Michel Probst
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Movement Awareness ◽  
World Confederation

Physiotherapy in mental health care and psychiatry is recognized by the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) as a specialty within physiotherapy. Physiotherapy in mental health offers a wide range of interventions in regard of body functions, physical activity, exercises, sensory, body and movement awareness, stress and tense regulation and pain management, based on clinical and scientific evidence-based literature. Additionally, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and “physio-education” (i.e. the process of providing education and information regarding specific physiotherapy related topics to patients and their family members) should be a responsibility of the physiotherapist. This paper gives a short overview of the interventions in the field of mental health to offer appropriate care to a specific vulnerable but growing group in our society.

scholarly journals Considerations for Return to Exercise Following Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 in the Recreational Athlete

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan D. Metzl ◽  
Kathryn McElheny ◽  
James N. Robinson ◽  
Daphne A. Scott ◽  
Karen M. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Recreational Athlete ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Return To Activity

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality around the world. The spectrum of COVID-19 is broad, from clinical disease requiring intensive medical care to less severe symptoms that are treated with supportive care. The majority of COVID-19 cases fall into the mild-to-moderate category, with symptoms lasting less than 6 weeks. Nevertheless, the morbidity from COVID-19 is significant and can affect multiple body systems, most frequently the cardiac, pulmonary, hematologic, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems. For patients who wish to return to exercise after mild-to-moderate COVID-19, the wide range of disease expression presents a challenge for clinicians seeking to offer counsel. This literature review on return to activity following mild to moderate COVID-19 in the recreational athlete includes evidence-based considerations and recommendations for clinicians in guiding the safest return to activity.

scholarly journals The Danish Twin Registry: An Updated Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Almind Pedersen ◽  
Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen ◽  
Marianne Nygaard ◽  
Jonas Mengel-From ◽  
Matt McGue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Danish Twin

AbstractThe Danish Twin Registry (DTR) was established in the 1950s, when twins born from 1870 to 1910 were ascertained, and has since been extended to include twins from birth cohorts until 2009. The DTR currently comprises of more than 175,000 twins from the 140 birth cohorts. This makes the DTR the oldest nationwide twin register and among the largest in the world. The combination of data from several surveys, including biological samples and repeated measurements on the same individuals, and data from Danish national registers provides a unique resource for a wide range of twin studies. This article provides an updated overview of the data in the DTR: First, we provide a summary of the establishment of the register, the different ascertainment methods and the twins included; then follows an overview of major surveys conducted in the DTR since 1994 and a description of the DTR biobank, including a description of the molecular data created so far; finally, a short description is given of the linkage to Danish national registers at Statistics Denmark and some recent examples of studies using the various data resources in the DTR are highlighted.

Galangin: A metabolite that suppresses anti-neoplastic activities through modulation of oncogenic targets

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110625
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh Tuli ◽  
Katrin Sak ◽  
Shubham Adhikary ◽  
Ginpreet Kaur ◽  
Diwakar Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Molecular Oncology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World

With the dramatic increase in cancer incidence all over the world in the last decades, studies on identifying novel efficient anti-cancer agents have been intensified. Historically, natural products have represented one of the most important sources of new lead compounds with a wide range of biological activities. In this article, the multifaceted anti-cancer action of propolis-derived flavonoid, galangin, is presented, discussing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic effects in various cancer cells. In addition, co-effects with standard chemotherapeutic drugs as well as other natural compounds are also under discussion, besides highlighting modern nanotechnological advancements for overcoming the low bioavailability issue characteristic of galangin. Although further studies are needed for confirming the anti-cancer potential of galangin in vivo malignant systems, exploring this natural compound might open new perspectives in molecular oncology.

scholarly journals “Organs on a Chip”: Revolutionization in personalized treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Subhalaxmi Sahoo ◽  
Priyanka Patel ◽  
Meghna Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bio Engineering ◽  
Substantial Interest

“Organs-on-a-chip” (OOAC), involves microfluidics based biomaterial sciences, bio-engineering and cell biology majorly cell isolation and cell culturing aspects. This technology claims to develop 3-dimensional tissues structurally and physiologically in simulation to in vivo providing relevant results in terms of physiological and genetic aspects with virtue of its origin from human systems. In recent times, experts from diversified disciplines have developed and established many OOAC systems with an assertion of being perfect for drug research replacing convectional cell cultures and animal testing due to the technical limitations in the applicability  of the same in vivo for systemic complexities and genetic variances. “Organs-on-a-chip” has attracted substantial interest for its wide range of applications in fields of drug research, regenerative medicine and personalized medicine. Successful development and establishments of different OOACs will contribute towards newer avenues in the path of precised personalized medicine.  Keywords: Organs on a chip, personalized medicine, OOAC, 3D cell culture

scholarly journals Method for Horizontal Calibration of Laser-Projection Transnasal Fiberoptic High-Speed Videoendoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Dimitar D. Deliyski ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Fiberoptic Laryngoscope ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
And Personalized Medicine

Objective: Calibrated horizontal measurements (e.g., mm) from endoscopic procedures could be utilized for advancement of evidence-based practice and personalized medicine. However, the size of an object in endoscopic images is not readily calibrated and depends on multiple factors, including the distance between the endoscope and the target surface. Additionally, acquired images may have significant non-linear distortion that would further complicate calibrated measurements. This study used a recently developed in vivo laser-projection fiberoptic laryngoscope and proposes a method for calibrated spatial measurements. Method: A set of circular grids was recorded at multiple working distances. A statistical model was trained that would map from pixel length of the object, the working distance, and the spatial location of the target object into its mm length. Result: A detailed analysis of the performance of the proposed method is presented. The analyses have shown that the accuracy of the proposed method does not depend on the working distance and length of the target object. The estimated average magnitude of error was 0.27 mm, which is three times lower than the existing alternative. Conclusion: The presented method can achieve sub-millimeter accuracy in horizontal measurement. Significance: Evidence-based practice and personalized medicine could significantly benefit from the proposed method. Implications of the findings for other endoscopic procedures are also discussed.

scholarly journals Towards the creation of a unified glossary of Russian biobanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2710
Author(s):  
A. A. Mikhailova ◽  
Yu. A. Nasykhova ◽  
A. I. Muravyov ◽  
A. Yu. Efimenko ◽  
A. S. Glotov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
National Association ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
The Creation

To carry out research projects, clinical trials and other studies in the field of personalized medicine, it is necessary to have collections of high-quality biological samples of various types. With the development of biomedical technologies, the need for large collections of biological samples will grow every year, which necessitates the creation of various biobanks for standardized collection, storage and distribution of such samples. One of the goals of the National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists is the development of a network of Russian biobanks interacting with each other at various levels, as well as the development and implementation of organizational and legal tools for its regulation. It is required not only to standardize the access and exchange of biological samples and data, but also to create a unified terminology that will be used by biobanks throughout Russia. The main aim is to create an accurate, professional and legally correct tool containing information accessible and understandable to a wide range of researchers.

Entertainment-Education and Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Sood ◽  
Amy Henderson Riley ◽  
Kristine Cecile Alarcon
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sesame Street ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Entertainment Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Approach

Entertainment-education (EE) began as a communication approach that uses both entertainment and education to engender individual and social change, but is emerging as a distinct theoretical, practice, and evidence-based communication subdiscipline. EE has roots in oral and performing arts traditions spanning thousands of years, such as morality tales, religious storytelling, and the spoken word. Modern-day EE, meanwhile, is produced in both fiction and nonfiction designs that include many formats: local street theater, music, puppetry, games, radio, television, and social media. A classic successful example of EE is the children’s television program Sesame Street, which is broadcast in over 120 countries. EE, however, is a strategy that has been successfully planned, implemented, and evaluated in countries around the world for children and adults alike. EE scholarship has traditionally focused on asking, “Does it work?” but more recent theorizing and research is moving toward understanding how EE works, drawing from multidisciplinary theories. From a research standpoint, such scholarship has increasingly showcased a wide range of methodologies. The result of these transformations is that EE is becoming an area of study, or subdiscipline, backed by an entire body of theory, practice, and evidence. The theoretical underpinnings, practice components, and evidence base from EE may be surveyed via the peer-reviewed literature published over the past 10 years. However, extensive work in social change from EE projects around the world has not all made it into the published literature. EE historically began as a communication approach, one tool in the communication toolbox. Over time, the nascent approach became its own full-fledged strategy focused on individual change. Backed by emerging technologies, innovative examples from around the globe, and new variations in implementation, it becomes clear that the field of EE is emerging into a discrete theoretical, practice, and evidence-based subdiscipline within communication that increasingly recognizes the inherent role of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and policies on improving the conditions needed for lasting social change.

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