scholarly journals Hormones and osteoporosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
O. K. Shiraliyev ◽  
T. F. Mamedov ◽  
Zh. I. Gaghiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bones ◽  
Tubular Bones

Osteoporosis and its complications - bone fractures - represent a significant medical and social problem. Due to osteoporosis, bone fractures occur annually in 1.3 million Americans and 40 thousand Canadians. In France, one in two, and in Australia, one in five women aged about 70 years, suffer from fractures caused by osteoporosis. The occurrence of osteoporosis in old women is due to a decrease in estrogen production. However, a decrease in bone mineral density occurs not only with age, but even more so with all conditions leading to a change in the balance of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands. In connection with the stated purpose of this work was a synthesis of literature data on the effect of hormones on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Bone tissue is a dynamic metabolically active system. Depending on the function performed, cortical and trabecular bone are distinguished. The first makes up three quarters of the entire skeletal mass, forms the diaphysis of the tubular bones, has a low porosity, performs the function of supporting soft tissues and transmitting muscle contraction from one part of the body to another. Trabecular bone tissue makes up one fourth of the mass of the skeleton, forms the bones of the axial skeleton and the epiphysis of the tubular bones, has high porosity and ensures normal vital activity of the bone marrow. To do this, in the trabecular bones there are cavities ranging in size from 500 to 1000 microns, located between bone plates 100-150 microns thick. The basis of the vital activity of bone tissue is the functioning of two types of cells: osteoclasts resorbing the bone, and osteoblasts responsible for its formation. The ancestors of these cells are not fully understood, although hematopoietic monocyte macrophages are considered the most probable for osteoclasts, and stromal cells for osteoblasts, from which preosteoblasts arise. Throughout life, there is a constant renewal of bones, manifested in the resorption of individual, very small sections of tissue, with the almost simultaneous formation of a new bone. This process is of great evolutionary importance, since it allows you to remove microtrauma and bone microcracks that arise during the life process. Annually 25% of the mass of the trabecular bones and only 2-3% of the cortical bones are renewed.

scholarly journals Osteodensitometric Characteristics of Bone Tissue in Women with Normal Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
I. G. Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normal Body Weight

The aim of the study was to investigate age-related changes in bone mineralization indicators in the lumbar vertebrae in women with normal body weight living in the conditions of the Northern region.Material and methods. A complex somatometric examination and quantitative assessment of the bone tissue mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae were performed according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of a group of Slavic women (n=127) with a normal body weight (BMI values from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the program "STATISTICA 6.0".Results. The BMI values in women increased significantly every decade of life. Direct correlations of mineral bone density (MBD) with the body length (r=0.46, p<0.001), with the body surface area (r=0.46, p<0.001), with absolute muscle mass (MM) (r=0.39, p<0.001), and with body mass (r=0.29, p<0.001) were revealed. No significant correlation with the adipose mass was found. The incidence of low MBD of the lumbar vertebrae was 48%: osteopenia was in 29%, osteoporosis was in 19% of women. The analysis of the component composition of the body in women with different levels of bone mass showed significant differences in the absolute content of muscle mass.Conclusion. In women with a normal BMI, body weight and muscle mass play an essential role in maintaining lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density.

scholarly journals Influence of weight status on bone mineral content measured by DXA in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sánchez Ferrer ◽  
Ernesto Cortes Castell ◽  
Francisco Carratalá Marco ◽  
Mercedes Juste Ruiz ◽  
José Antonio Quesada Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health problem with repercussions in later life. As tissue formation peaks in childhood we determined how weight status influences bone mineral content. Material and methods We studied 553 children aged 4–18 years over 10 years (46.8% girls). We measured age, weight, height and through bone densitometry (DXA), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and waist, arm and hip circumferences. The patients were divided into groups using the body mass index z-score: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and very obese. Results BMC and BMD values were highest in the normal-weight and overweight groups. Logistic regression showed bone mineralization was inversely associated with waist circumference, the association being positive for weight and age. No differences were found according to sex. Discussion Studies of the relationship between weight and bone mineralization report contradictory results, often because of different study designs. Moreover, studies in children are either few or with small samples. Our findings in a large sample show the importance of weight status in bone mineralization given the risk of bone fractures or osteoporosis. Conclusions Weight status influenced bone mineralization. BMC and BMD decreased in children with a higher degree of obesity. Waist circumference correlated negatively with bone mineralization.

scholarly journals The Connection Between Vitamin K and Bone Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamy (Ning) Fu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Densité Minérale Osseuse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Viable Method

Vitamin K is essential to the body because it is known to help blood coagulate and activate osteocalcin, a protein involved in maintaining healthy bones. In this review, one study observing the impact of vitamin K supplementation on patients’ bone mineral densities and three studies focusing on the effects of vitamin K supplementation on the incidence of bone fractures are discussed to determine whether the vitamin may be important for maintaining bone health. While some promising results, such as an increase in bone mineral density of subjects after vitamin K supplementation arose, the conclusions reached by the four studies were not statistically significant enough to justify the importance of vitamin K in maintaining bone health. Well-controlled studies that are unbiased, statistically powerful, and focused on vitamin K’s effects on bone density are required in the future to provide further insight on whether vitamin K supplementation is a viable method of improving bone health. La vitamine K est essentielle pour le corps, car il est connu pour assister dans la coagulation du sang ainsi qu’activer l'ostéocalcine, une protéine impliquée dans le maintien de la santé des os. Ici, une étude dirigé vers les observations de l'impact de la consommation de suppléments de la vitamine K sur la densité minérale osseuse de patients, puis trois autres études portant sur les effets de la consommation de suppléments de la vitamine K sur l'incidence des fractures osseuses sont examinées afin de déterminer si la vitamine soit une facteur important dans le maintien de la santé des os. Tandis que des résultats sont révélés prometteurs, comme ceux montrant une augmentation de la densité minérale osseuse des sujets après la consommation des suppléments de la vitamine K, l’ensemble de conclusions tirées des quatre études ne présente pas suffisamment de données qui pourraient suggérer une corrélation entre la consommation des suppléments de la vitamine K et la santé des os. Des études supplémentaires portant sur les effets de la vitamine K sur la densité osseuse, mené dans des conditions contrôlés, bien conçus, impartiales, qui produiront des résultats persuasifs, sont nécessaires à être effectuer à l'avenir afin de donner un meilleur aperçu de l’effet de la supplémentation en vitamine K comme une méthode viable dans l’entretien de la santé des os.

Effect of Kami-kihi-to (Jia-Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang) for Experimental Osteopenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Kanai ◽  
Norimasa Taniguchi ◽  
Hideaki Higashino
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group 3

In order to examine the effects of Kami-kihi-to (KKT or Jia-Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang) on osteopenia, we measured bone mineral density using computed X-ray absorptometry and monitored metabolism and bone tissue in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in the OVX group than in normal group 3 months after ovariectomy. However, the bone mineral density of the OVX group administered KKT was clearly higher than that of the untreated OVX group. Locomotor activity was regular in the normal group and in the OVX groups before administration of KKT. After 6-month administration of KKT, in OVX groups, the pattern of locomotor activity became diphasic with clear active and resting phases, as was also observed in the normal group. The locomotor activity did not decrease in the OVX groups after administration of KKT. At 6 months, the continuity of the trabecular bone was higher in the OVX group administered KKT than in the untreated OVX group. These results indicate that KKT improved the menopausal symptoms and increased the locomotor activity of the OVX group, thereby increasing bone mineral density.

Enhanced trabecular bone resorption and microstructural bone changes in rats after removal of the cecum

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (8) ◽  
pp. E1069-E1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narattaphol Charoenphandhu ◽  
Panan Suntornsaratoon ◽  
Prapaporn Jongwattanapisan ◽  
Kannikar Wongdee ◽  
Nateetip Krishnamra
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Rate

The cecum, the proximal part of the large intestine, has the highest rate of calcium absorption compared with other intestinal segments. Previously, we showed that rats with the cecum surgically removed (cecectomized rats) had severe negative calcium balance, low bone mineral density (BMD), and a compensatory increase in colonic calcium absorption. Herein, we used the computer-assisted bone histomorphometric technique and microcomputed tomography (μCT) to analyze bone microstructural defects in cecectomized rats at 1 and 3 mo postsurgery compared with age-matched sham-operated control rats. Relatively low BMD as determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was observed in the femora, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae of the 3-mo cecectomized rats. μCT analysis revealed decreases in the tibial cortical thickness, periosteal and endosteal perimeters, and moment of inertia in cecectomized rats. The histomorphometric results further showed that trabecular bone volume and number were markedly decreased, whereas trabecular separation was increased in the proximal tibial metaphysis of cecectomized rats, thus leading to a decrease in trabecular volumetric BMD. Since osteoclast surface and eroded surface were increased after cecectomy, such bone loss in cecectomized rats appeared to result from an enhanced bone resorption. Moreover, decreases in bone formation rate and osteoblast surface indicated a suppression of osteoblast-mediated bone formation. In conclusion, cecectomy induced widespread osteopenia in rats presumably by enhancing the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and suppressing bone formation. The present results underline the important role of cecum in the body calcium homeostasis.

scholarly journals Detection of osteoporosis in lumbar spine [L1-L4] trabecular bone: a review article

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Kavita Avinash Patil ◽  
K. V. Mahendra Prashanth ◽  
A. Ramalingaiah
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fracture Probability ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

<p class="abstract">The human bones are categorized based on elemental micro architecture and porosity. The porosity of the inner trabecular bone is high that is 40-95% and the nature of the bone is soft and spongy where as the cortical bone is harder and is less porous that is 5 to 15%. Osteoporosis is a disease that normally affects women usually after their menopause. It largely causes mild bone fractures and further stages lead to the demise of an individual. This analysis is on the basis of bone mineral density (BMD) standards obtained through a variety of scientific methods experimented from different skeletal regions. The detection of osteoporosis in lumbar spine has been widely recognized as a promising way to frequent fractures. Therefore, premature analysis of osteoporosis will estimate the risk of the bone fracture which prevents life threats. This paper focuses on the advanced technology in imaging systems and fracture probability analysis of osteoporosis detection. The various segmentation techniques are explored to examine osteoporosis in particular region of the image and further significant attributes are extracted using different methods to classify normal and abnormal (osteoporotic) bones. The limitations of the reviewed papers are more in feature dimensions, lesser accuracy and expensive imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and DEXA. To overcome these limitations it is suggested to have less feature dimensions, more accuracy and cost-effective imaging modality like X-ray. This is required to avoid bone fractures and to improve BMD with precision which further helps in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.</p>

scholarly journals Complex approaches to rehabilitation of patients with osteoporosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Lukyanchikova ◽  
Elena I. Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Excessive Load

Prophylaxis of bone fractures in patients with osteoporosis should not only consist of pharmaco-therapeutical intervention targeting to increase the bones strength, because improving bone tissue quantity does not affect the risk of falls. Additionally, physical factors could have an impact on bone mineral density (BMD). A complex of approache directed to modification of structure and strength of bone tissue together with decrease of falls risk in elderly patients with osteoporosis should become optimal. It’s very important that physical exercise programs developed for osteoporosis patients should include strength and power load exercises as well as flexibility an coordination and balance trainings. Special attention should be paid to the fact that a number of physical exercises are contraindicated as an excessive load can cause inadequate impact on the on the bones with compromised density.

scholarly journals Aging bone

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
N. V. Brailova ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
E. N. Dudinskaya ◽  
O. N. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Aging ◽  
Active Loss

This review article deals with the topic of changes in bone tissue in the process of aging of the body. Adipogenesis and osteogenesis are affected at the molecular level, proteins and genes are described, in which somatic mutation can occur during the aging process, resulting in both minor changes and an active loss of bone mineral density. The factors that affect the change in bone mineral density mainly in the elderly, and existing drugs that can slow down osteoporosis are listed. Knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the aging of bone tissue will contribute to the creation of targeted therapy for osteoporosis, which slows down bone aging and prevents falls and fractures in the elderly people.

scholarly journals Clinical and experimental studies of bone tissue in fl uorosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 364-370
Author(s):  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
T. K. Yadykina ◽  
M. S. Bugaeva ◽  
I. P. Danilov ◽  
E. A. Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Structural Rearrangement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
White Rats ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Despite the signifi cant reduction in the production of electrolytic aluminum, the frequency of fl uorosis is a leader in this industry. In this pathology, fi rst of all, bone tissue actively reacts to the impact of factors of the working environment. The aim of the study was to study the eff ect of chronic fl uoride intoxication on the morphofunctional state of bone tissue. Materials and methods. Th e analysis of bone mineral density, structural rearrangement of skeletal bones was evaluated by x-ray method using photon densitometry. Biochemical status of blood of workers with fl uorosis included determination of parameters of mineral homeostasis (level of calcium, phosphorus) and genetic markers (COL1A1, IL1β, IL6, VEGF). Histological analysis of bone tissue was carried out in an experiment on white rats.Results. A comprehensive clinical and experimental study of bone tissue under chronic fl uoride intoxication is presented. A signifi cant correlation of GG COL1A1, TT  IL1β, GC IL6, GC VEGF genotypes with the development of osteosclerosis was revealed. Th e study showed the relationship of combined signs of fl uorosis, confi rmed by experimental data on persistent bone destruction.Conclusions. Th e leading clinical and radiological syndrome of industrial fl uorosis is the defeat of the musculoskeletal system against the background of gross violations of the morphological and functional structure of the bones of the skeleton, due to the osteotropic mechanism of action of fl uorides and the genetic status of the body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document