scholarly journals Three ways to develop clinical guidelines. ADAPTE and AGREE GRS procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Rebrova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Professional Association ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Adaptation Procedure ◽  
The One

Development of de novo clinical guidelines (CG) is a complex process that requires highly qualified personnel, an extended amount of time (from 1 to 3 years), and, consequently, substantial funding. In many countries there are limits to these resources, and so, as an alternative to the development of actual de novo CG, the expert community has developed simplified ways of preparing CG: adoption and adaptation. Adoption is the easiest option – it is simply translation of clinical guidelines developed by a credible foreign professional association into the native language. In this case, of course, translated guidelines should be attributed accurately as a translation, without claiming additional authorship by a local professional association. It may be stated that the local professional organization has discussed and approved the translated document. It is also possible to post comments. Another way – adaptation – is to adjust the CG, developed in one country, to the conditions and features of the healthcare system in another country. Adaptation is fundamentally more difficult than adoption. An adaptation procedure has been developed by ADAPTE, an international group of experts. Their detailed procedure, complete with commentaries, is freely available. The key stage of the multi-stage adaptation procedure is the assessment of the methodological quality of the adapted CG using the AGREE II questionnaire or its simplified version, AGREE GRS. An assessment of the relevance, consistency, acceptability and applicability of the CG is also performed. In situations of a pronounced shortage of resources, adoption of the CG is preferable, while under less constrained conditions – adaptation of the CG. Development of de novo CG in the context of an unlimited exchange of information seems inappropriate and unnecessarily costly. The compromise is an adaptation that serves, on the one hand, to significantly save various types of resources, and, on the other, to promote the methodology of evidence-based medicine in the national medical community.

The interaction of higher education system with the labor market: A study of the labor market in the regions of the Volga Federal District

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-480
Author(s):  
R.B. Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

Subject .This article discusses the need to bring into line with the future activities of specialists the content of their preparation, the formation of a system model of higher education, which takes into account today's and prospective requirements of the labor market. Objectives. The article aims to research the labor market in four regions of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Tatarstan, Mari El Republic, Chuvash Republic, and the Ulyanovsk oblast, as well as discuss problems and prospects of interaction of universities with enterprises and organizations of these regions. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and statistical analyses, and in-depth expert survey. Results. The article analyzes the state of regional labor markets, presents the results of the expert survey of labor market representatives and heads of the regional education system, and it defines possible ways of harmonizing the interaction of universities with the labor market. Conclusions. The article notes that although the number of employed with higher education is growing, at the same time there is a shortage of highly qualified personnel in certain professions, on the one hand, and unskilled workers, on the other. Also, the article says that the universities do not prepare the necessary for the regions specialists in a number of professions or they provide a set of competencies different from the requirements of the labor market, so it is necessary to form and develop effective directions of cooperation between educational institutions and employers.

scholarly journals Lost in Migration – Mirandese at a Crossroads

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Cláudia Martins ◽  
Sérgio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Minority Language ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe linguistic rights of Mirandese were enshrined in Portugal in 1999, though its “discovery” dates back to the very end of the 19th century at the hands of Leite de Vasconcellos. For centuries, it was the first or only language spoken by people living in the northeast of Portugal, particularly the district of Miranda do Douro. As a minority language, it has always moved among three dimensions. On the one hand, the need to assert and defend this language and have it acknowledged by the country, which proudly believe(d) in their monolingual history. Unavoidably, this has ensued the action of translation, especially active from the mid of the 20th century onwards, with an emphasis on the translation of the Bible and Portuguese canonical literature, as well as other renowned literary forms (e.g. The Adventures of Asterix). Finally, the third axis lies in migration, either within Portugal or abroad. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, Mirandese people were forced to leave Miranda do Douro and villages in the outskirts in the thousands. They fled not only due to the deeply entrenched poverty, but also the almost complete absence of future prospects, enhanced by the fact that they were regarded as not speaking “good” Portuguese, but rather a “charra” language, and as ignorant backward people. This period coincided with the building of dams on the river Douro and the cultural and linguistic shock that stemmed from this forceful contact, which exacerbated their sense of not belonging and of social shame. Bearing all this in mind, we seek to approach the role that migration played not only in the assertion of Mirandese as a language in its own right, but also in the empowerment of new generations of Mirandese people, highly qualified and politically engaged in the defence of this minority language, some of whom were former migrants. Thus, we aim to depict Mirandese’s political situation before and after the endorsement of the Portuguese Law no. 7/99.

scholarly journals General synthetic strategy for regioselective ultrafast formation of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay Laps ◽  
Fatima Atamleh ◽  
Guy Kamnesky ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Ashraf Brik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
The One ◽  
Game Changer

AbstractDespite six decades of efforts to synthesize peptides and proteins bearing multiple disulfide bonds, this synthetic challenge remains an unsolved problem in most targets (e.g., knotted mini proteins). Here we show a de novo general synthetic strategy for the ultrafast, high-yielding formation of two and three disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins. We develop an approach based on the combination of a small molecule, ultraviolet-light, and palladium for chemo- and regio-selective activation of cysteine, which enables the one-pot formation of multiple disulfide bonds in various peptides and proteins. We prepare bioactive targets of high therapeutic potential, including conotoxin, RANTES, EETI-II, and plectasin peptides and the linaclotide drug. We anticipate that this strategy will be a game-changer in preparing millions of inaccessible targets for drug discovery.

scholarly journals Multi-Stage Cold Forging Process for Manufacturing a High-Strength One-Body Input Shaft

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
A Jo ◽  
Myeong Jeong ◽  
Sang Lee ◽  
Young Moon ◽  
Sun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Input Shaft ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The One

A multi-stage cold forging process was developed and complemented with finite element analysis (FEA) to manufacture a high-strength one-body input shaft with a long length body and no separate parts. FEA showed that the one-body input shaft was manufactured without any defects or fractures. Experiments, such as tensile, hardness, torsion, and fatigue tests, and microstructural characterization, were performed to compare the properties of the input shaft produced by the proposed method with those produced using the machining process. The ultimate tensile strength showed a 50% increase and the torque showed a 100 Nm increase, confirming that the input shaft manufactured using the proposed process is superior to that processed using the machining process. Thus, this study provides a proof-of-concept for the design and development of a multi-stage cold forging process to manufacture a one-body input shaft with improved mechanical properties and material recovery rate.

Divisional morphogenesis in the marine ciliate Holosticha warreni (Ciliophora: Hypotrichida)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Hu ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Alan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Marine Ciliate ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Generation Mode ◽  
The One

The cortical development of the marine hypotrichous ciliate Holosticha warreni, found in coastal waters near Qingdao, China, was investigated using the protargol impregnation method. In the proter, disorganization of the parental adoral zone of membranelles and undulating membranes contributes to the formation of its oral primordia which replace the parental buccal apparatus completely. Cirral anlagen in both division parts derive from the breaking of primary primordia. Most midventral cirri join in the formation of these primordia which occurs de novo separately from the oral primordia. Each of the 11 to 13 oblique streaks divides into three segments (new cirri) while the last two anlagen produce four each. Two frontoterminal cirri derive from the posteriormost anlage. The marginal rows develop from the parental structure. The generation mode of dorsal kineties is of the ‘one group type’ without forming caudal cirri.

Peculiarities of Interaction Among Professional Educational Institutions, Employers and Social Partners

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
V. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Education Production ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Advanced Vocational Training

The social order posed by the society to the training of highly qualified personnel for the strategic needs of the labor market is associated with the changes in the economy, including the processes of its computerization and digitalization. Transformations in the digital economy determine new requirements for specialists’ training, their competences and qualification. The rapid changes in socio-economic conditions cause the need to transform the system of vocational training in order to meet the demands for competencies that correspond to the current technologic trends and methods of production. The reforms of vocational education system can be significant in resolving contradictions between the quality of training, on the one hand, and public and employers’ demands, on the other hand. Close cooperation of professional educational institutions, employers and social partners through their joint design and development of teaching technologies and methods for advanced vocational training of qualified specialists can be considered as one of the most efficient factors and conditions for resolving the above mentioned contradictions. These new conditions have already been created in the Centers for Advanced Vocational Training (CAVT), which can be characterized as a new type of infrastructural solution to the problem of aggregation of advanced vocational training programs and material and technical resources owned by science, education, production. The article focuses on some features of interaction and cooperation among vocational educational institutions, employers and social partners (social and public-private partnerships, networking cooperation, educational and technological cluster), which are taken into account in the performance of the Center for Advanced Vocational Training of the Kemerovo region.

scholarly journals Digital transformation in the regions of Russia: estimates and reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
M. A. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The One ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article presents the problem of a comprehensive analysis of the socio-cultural prerequisites that determine the successful or unsuccessful implementation of the program of digitalization of the regions of Russia. A detailed examination of the tools for assessing the level of digitalization on the example of the methods for calculating the Skolkovo “Digital Russia” index and the regional digitalization index by I. V. Groshev and A. A. Krasnoslobodtsev showed their low informative value for understanding the factors leading to the formation of digital inequality in regions. The actuality of the problem is due not only to the need for an adequate assessment of the tools offered as convenient for comparing regions, but also by the following facts. On the one hand, the tasks of digitalization of education are of paramount importance in the framework of the federal development program. On the other hand, their implementation depends both on the local state of educational institutions and on solving a wider range of issues: staff training, providing employment opportunities for graduates, forming the need for highly qualified personnel in the region, etc. The novelty of the work is that the author consider the problem of studying the digital inequality of the regions of Russia with an emphasis on the issue of digitalization of education in the context of the existing regional socio-cultural prerequisites that determine the successful implementation of programs or prevent it. The application of institutional and functional approaches is of particular research interest, these approaches allow us to study the existing socio-cultural prerequisites in the regions as factors of stratification of Russian society that strengthen or weaken social inequality in the context of the development of a digital society. The author concludes that the solution of the problem of a comprehensive assessment of the socio-cultural prerequisites of the regional level of digitalization requires a detailed multi-factor analysis on a specific problem and direction of digitalization. The comparison of such data requires separate consideration of the indicators of socio-economic, demographic, and institutional development of the regions.

Curriculum Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Project Integrated Online Training

2010 ◽  
pp. 342-363
Author(s):  
Peter Haber ◽  
Erich Herber ◽  
Manfred Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Virtual Collaboration ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Certification Programs ◽  
Addie Model ◽  
The One

New project management skills and processes are prerequisites to meet the challenges of the globalization. Enterprises, companies and institutions that are operating in transnational and distributed ICT projects on global market need highly qualified project-managers for virtual collaboration. Most training organizations and certification programs focus only on classical soft and technical skills. Participants and most important managers of distributed projects however need training and practice in virtual collaboration and intercultural aspects to be able to consider international socio-cultural issues encountered in business. Therefore, the target of Pool2Business (P2B) was to establish on the one hand a modular online course to address certain specific requirements and qualifications of a company as well language and culture specific differences between participants and on the other hand to ensure with Project Integrated Training parts that the learning outcomes can be immediately used in practical application. By following an adapted and extended ADDIE Model, the P2B-Consortium was able to establish the whole Curriculum more effectively by having the same strategies, following the same procedures and knowing the next steps to fulfill the target of P2B.

Collaborative Technologies and Innovation in SMEs

2010 ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Angel L. Meroño-Cerdan ◽  
Pedro Soto-Acosta ◽  
Carolina Lopez-Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Collaborative Technologies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study seeks to assess the impact of collaborative technologies on innovation at the firm level. Collaborative technologies’ influence on innovation is considered here as a multi-stage process that starts at adoption and extends to use. Thus, the effect of collaborative technologies on innovation is examined not only directly, the simple presence of collaborative technologies, but also based on actual collaborative technologies’ use. Given the fact that firms can use this technology for different purposes, collaborative technologies’ use is measured according to three orientations: e-information, e-communication and e-workflow. To achieve these objectives, a research model is developed for assessing, on the one hand, the impact of the adoption and use of collaborative technologies on innovation and, on the other hand, the relationship between adoption and use of collaborative technologies. The research model is tested using a dataset of 310 Spanish SMEs. The results showed that collaborative technologies’ adoption is positively related to innovation. Also, as hypothesized, distinct collaborative technologies were found to be associated to different uses. In addition, the study found that while e-information had a positive and significant impact on innovation, e-communication and e-workflow did not.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus (HEV)—The Future

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Denner
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
The One ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Acute And Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Sensitive Testing

Hepatitis (HEV) is widely distributed in pigs and is transmitted with increasing numbers to humans by contact with pigs, contaminated food and blood transfusion. The virus is mostly apathogenic in pigs but may enhance the pathogenicity of other pig viruses. In humans, infection can lead to acute and chronic hepatitis and extrahepatic manifestations. In order to stop the emerging infection, effective counter-measures are required. First of all, transmission by blood products can be prevented by screening all blood donations. Meat and sausages should be appropriately cooked. Elimination of the virus from the entire pork production can be achieved by sensitive testing and elimination programs including early weaning, colostrum deprivation, Caesarean delivery, embryo transfer, treatment with antivirals, protection from de novo infection, and possibly vaccination. In addition, contaminated water, shellfish, vegetables, and fruits by HEV-contaminated manure should be avoided. A special situation is given in xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues or organs in order to alleviate the lack of human transplants. The elimination of HEV from pigs, other animals and humans is consistent with the One Health concept, preventing subclinical infections in the animals as well as preventing transmission to humans and disease.

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