scholarly journals Prospects for the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for weight loss and improvement of insulin sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
E. V. Pokrovskaya ◽  
I. A. Sklyanik ◽  
E. A. Shestakova ◽  
M. V. Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microflora ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Moment

Concerning the uncontrolled growth in the incidence of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), numerous research have been carried out to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of progress of these diseases and development of new methods for their prevention and treatment in recent years. T2DM is known to be a multifactorial disease, in the development of which both lifestyle and various environmental factors, and genetic predisposition are involved. At the same time, in recent years, a theory has been discussed that intestinal dysbiosis, which is caused with quantitative and qualitative changes in the gut microbiota (GM) is one of the mechanisms of obesity and T2DM development. At the moment, various methods have been proposed for restoring the normal composition of GM, including the administration of prebiotics and metabiotics that stimulate the growth of gut flora, as well as probiotics, which directly include the necessary beneficial bacteria (mainly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Fecal microflora transplantation (FMT), which allows transferring an entire microbial community into the recipient's body, rather than individual bacteria is the newest and least studied method of GM normalization. In this connection, this method of GM influencing is of great interest for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the susceptibility of obese rats to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 17480-17502
Author(s):  
Lijing Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Libin Zhan ◽  
Shenglin Hou ◽  
Chunyan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Chu ◽  
Wenhao Hao ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.

Mutations of mtDNA in some vascular and metabolic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita A. Sazonova ◽  
Anastasia I. Ryzhkova ◽  
Vasily V. Sinyov ◽  
Marina D. Sazonova ◽  
Tatiana V. Kirichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Mtdna Mutations

Background: The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease, complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and as a result, death.In particular, a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathies and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of the present review was the analysis of literature sources, devoted to an investigation of a link of mitochondrial DNA mutations with chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, Results: The analysis of literature indicates the association of the mitochondrial genome mutations with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and various types of cardiomyopathies. Conclusion: The detected mutations can be used to analyze the predisposition to chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. They can also be used to create molecular-cell models necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs developed for treatment of these pathologies. MtDNA mutations associated withthe absence of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis could be potential candidates for gene therapy of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis.

scholarly journals Advances in Acupuncture and its Associated Therapies for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiya Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Ren ◽  
Yanyan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Embedding Therapy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease in clinical practice, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly with the aging of the population and changes in lifestyle. Acupuncture, as a distinctive therapy, has its unique advantages in the treatment of obesity type 2 diabetes and has an irreplaceable role in a variety of treatment methods. The author organized the literature on acupuncture and its related therapies to prevent and treat obesity type 2 diabetes in recent years and found that acupuncture and its associated therapies to prevent and treat obesity type 2 diabetes mainly include: simple acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupoint catgut embedding therapy, auricular-plaster therapy and other treatments, all of which can safely and effectively improve clinical symptoms, acupuncture and its related therapies to treat obesity type 2 diabetes has a broad prospect, worthy of further clinical promotion.

scholarly journals Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Plants with Focus on Common Vegetables

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tilahun Assefa ◽  
Eun-Young Yang ◽  
Soo-Young Chae ◽  
Mihye Song ◽  
Jundae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Type-2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the world, and is characterized by hyperglycemia (i.e., high levels of glucose in the blood). Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes in the digestive tract that hydrolyze carbohydrates into glucose. One strategy that has been developed to treat type-2 diabetes is inhibition of the activity of alpha-glucosidases using synthetic drugs. However, these inhibitors are usually associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, the development of inhibitors from natural products offers an alternative option for the control of hyperglycemia. In recent years, various studies have been conducted to identify alpha-glucosidases inhibitors from natural sources such as plants, and many candidates have transpired to be secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids. In this review, we focus on the alpha-glucosidases inhibitors found in common vegetable crops and the major classes of phytochemicals responsible for the inhibitory activity, and also as potential/natural drug candidates for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, possible breeding strategies for production of improved vegetable crops with higher content of the inhibitors are also described.

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