scholarly journals The monitoring of wall moisture in a property retrofitted with Internal Wall Insulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Martel ◽  
Eric Rirsch ◽  
Andrew Simmonds ◽  
Clementine Walker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Wall

Detachment of a drop from an internal wall in a pulsed liquid-liquid column

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2073-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mate ◽  
O Masbernat ◽  
C Gourdon
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Column ◽  
Internal Wall

Impingement/Effusion Cooling Wall Heat Transfer: Reduced Number of Impingement Jet Holes Relative to the Effusion Holes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar M. El-Jummah ◽  
Ahmad Nazari ◽  
Gordon E. Andrews ◽  
John E. J. Staggs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Wall Heat Transfer ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Impingement Jet ◽  
Effusion Hole

Internal wall heat transfer for impingement/effusion cooling was measured and predicted using conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The work was only concerned with the internal wall heat transfer and not with the effusion film cooling and there was no hot gas crossflow. Previous work had predicted impingement/effusion internal wall cooling with equal number of holes. The present work investigated a small number of impingement holes and a larger number of effusion holes. The aim was to see if the effusion holes acted as a suction surface to the impingement surface flow and thus enhanced the wall heat transfer. Hole ratios of 1/4, 1/9 and 1/25 were studied by varying the number of effusion holes for a fixed array of impingement holes and a fixed impingement gap, Z, of 8 mm. The Z/D for the impingement holes was 2.7. The impingement hole pitch, X, to diameter, D ratio X/D was 10.6 at a constant effusion hole X/D of 4.7 for all the configurations. The impingement holes were aligned on the midpoint of four effusion holes. The results were computed for a mass flux G from 0.1–0.94 kg/sm2bar for all n. This gave 26 separate CFD/CHT computations. Locally surface, X2, average heat transfer coefficient (HTC), hx, values were determined using the lumped capacitance method. Nimonic 75 metal walls with imbedded thermocouples were used to determine hx from the time constant in a transient cooling experiment following electrical heating to about 80°C. The CHT/CFD predictions showed good agreement with measured data and the highest number of effusion holes for the 1/25 hole ratio gave the highest h. However, comparison with the predicted and experimental results for equal number of impingement and effusion holes for the same Z, showed that there was little advantage of decreasing the number of impingement holes, apart from that of decreasing the Z/D significantly for the 1/15 hole ratio, which increased the heat transfer. The largest number of effusion holes had the highest heat transfer due to the greater internal surface area of the holes and their closer spacing. This was present irrespective of the number of impingement holes and there was no evidence of any benefit of the 25 effusion holes enhancing the single impingement jet heat transfer. For the lowest number of effusion hole there was predicted to be a small disadvantage of reducing the number of impingement jets.

scholarly journals Studies on Sulfur Stain of Internal Wall of Cans

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
IKUKO TAKEUCHI ◽  
HIROMITSU OSADA ◽  
SHIGERU OTSUKA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Wall

Impingement/Effusion Cooling With Low Coolant Mass Flow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Oguntade ◽  
G. E. Andrews ◽  
A. D. Burns ◽  
D. B. Ingham ◽  
M. Pourkashanian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Wall Heat Transfer ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Impingement Heat Transfer ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Wall Impingement ◽  
The Individual

A low coolant mass flow impingement/effusion design for a low NOx combustor wall cooling application was predicted, using conjugate heat transfer (CHT) computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effusion geometry had 4306/m2 effusion holes in a square array with a hole diameter of D and pitch of X and X/D of 1.9. It had previously been shown experimentally and using CHT/CFD to have the highest adiabatic and overall cooling effectiveness for this number of effusion holes. The effect of adding an X/D of 4.7 impingement jet wall with a 6.6 mm impingement gap, Z, and Z/D of 2.0, on the overall cooling effectiveness was predicted for several coolant mass flow rates, G kg/sm2bar. At low G the internal wall heat transfer dominated the overall cooling effectiveness. The addition of impingement cooling to effusion cooling gave only a small increase in the overall cooling effectiveness at all G at 127mm downstream of the start of effusion cooling. An overall cooling effectiveness >0.7 was predicted for a low G of 0.30 kg/sm2bar. This represents about 15% of the combustion air for a typical industrial gas turbine combustor and design changes to reduce this further were suggested based on the predictions of this geometry. The main benefit of the impingement cooling was at the start of the effusion cooling, where the overall cooling effectiveness was dominated by the internal wall impingement and effusion cooling. The separate effusion and impingement cooling were also predicted for comparison with their combination. This showed that the combination of impingement and effusion was not the sum of the individual effusion and impingement heat transfer. The predictions showed that the aerodynamic interactions decreased the effusion and impingement internal wall heat transfer.

scholarly journals Rabies in the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis in Southeastern Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Uieda
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis

This is the first recorded case of rabies in the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis in the State of S. Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The infected bat was found in the afternoon while hanging on the internal wall of an urban building. This observation reinforces the notion as to the caution one must exercise regarding bats found in unusual situations.

scholarly journals The Influence of Internal Wall and Floor Covering Materials and Ventilation Type on Indoor Radon and Thoron Levels in Hospitals of Kermanshah, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghdad Pirsaheb ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Abbas Haghparast ◽  
Lida Hemati ◽  
Kiomars Sharafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Floor Covering ◽  
Internal Wall

scholarly journals Dynamic thermal response of low-energy residential buildings based on in-wall measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Foteinaki ◽  
Rongling Li ◽  
Alfred Heller ◽  
Morten Herget Christensen ◽  
Carsten Rode
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Concrete Elements

This study analysed the dynamic thermal response of a low-energy building using measurement data from an apartment block in Copenhagen, Denmark. Measurements were collected during February and July 2018 on space heating energy use, set-points, room air temperature and temperature from sensors integrated inside concrete elements, i.e. internal walls and ceiling, at different heights and depths. The heating system was controlled by the occupants. During February, there were unusually high set-points for some days and a regular heating pattern for some other days. Overheating was observed during July. A considerable effect of solar gain was observed both during winter and summer months. The room air temperature fluctuations were observed at a certain extent inside the concrete elements; higher in the non-load-bearing internal wall, followed by the load-bearing internal wall and lastly by the ceiling. The phenomenon of delayed thermal response of the concrete elements was observed. All internal concrete masses examined may be regarded as active elements and can contribute to the physically available heat storage potential of the building. The study provides deep insight into the thermal response of concrete elements in low-energy residential buildings, which should be considered when planning a flexible space heating energy use.

scholarly journals Moisture Buffering of Multilayer Internal Wall Assemblies at the Micro Scale: Experimental Study and Numerical Modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobrosława Kaczorek
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Buffer Value ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
Moisture Buffering ◽  
Moisture Buffer Value

In this paper, a series of experiments assessing the moisture buffer value (MBV) of four internal wall assembly samples made from hygroscopic materials was performed. A modified Nordtest protocol was used. Moisture buffer values of all the investigated wall assemblies, with varying moisture loads in the range of 50% to 80%, showed a moderate moisture buffer value (MBV: 0.5–1.0 (g·m−2·%RH−1)). The results showed that in a wall assembly where the MBV of the whole assembly is lower than the MBV of the outer layers, the moisture-buffering capacity of the inner layer is untapped. Outer layers affect inner layers by changing their moisture-buffering capacity, which in turn changes the overall performance of the whole assembly. In addition, it was observed that if the penetration depth value of the outer layer is greater than its thickness, vapour reaches into the deeper layer and wall assemblies made of layers with materials characterized by a lower value of penetration depth reach steady state more slowly. The WUFI Pro tool was used to compare the simulated and experimental results. Despite the discrepancies between these results, it offers a simplified method, helping designers make decisions about which materials to choose to improve the moisture-buffering effect.

Centralization of the Femoral Component in THR. Biomechanical Considerations and Method

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
G. Krakovits ◽  
L. Sass
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Component ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Femoral Canal ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Operative Method ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Anatomical Axis

The correct implacement of the femoral component is decisive in the longevity of the total hip replacement (THR). The stem has to be placed along the anatomical axis of the femur and accomodated to the internal wall of the femoral canal to prevent tilting, subsidence, torsion movement and its clinical disadvantages. The author discusses the biomechanical consideration as well as the operative method.

Loadbearing internal wall

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedbert Kind-Barkauskas ◽  
Bruno Kauhsen ◽  
Stefan Polónyi ◽  
Jörg Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Internal Wall
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