Frailty, Sarcopenia and Long Term Care Utilization In Older Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Q. Roquebert ◽  
J. Sicsic ◽  
B. Santos-Eggimann ◽  
N. Sirven ◽  
T. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Home Placement

This systematic literature review documents the link between frailty or sarcopenia, conceptualized as dimensions of physical health, and the use of long-term care services by older individuals. Long-term care services include formal and informal care provided at home as well as in institutions. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA requirements using the following databases: PubMed-Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Academic Search Premier. We included all quantitative studies published in English between January 2000 and December 2018 focusing on individuals aged 50 or more, using a relevant measurement of sarcopenia or physical frailty and a long-term care related outcome. A quality assessment was carried out using the questionnaire established by the Good Practice Task Force Report of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Five subsets of long-term care outcome were considered: 1/ nursing home placement (NHP), 2/ nursing home short stay (NHSS), 3/ formal personal care (FPC), 4/ formal home help (FHH), 5/ informal care (IC). Out of 1943 studies, 17 were finally included in the review. With some studies covering several LTC outcomes, frailty and / or sarcopenia were associated with increased LTC use in 17 out of 26 cases (NHP: 5/6, NHSS: 3/4, FPC: 5/7, FHH: 1/4, IC: 3/5) The association was not consistent in 5 cases (NHP: 1/6, NHSS: 1/4, FPC: 2/7, FHH: 0/4, IC: 1/5) and the association was either not significant or the results inconclusive in the remaining 9 cases. Overall, while results on sarcopenia are scarce, evidence support a positive association between frailty and LTC use. The evidence is stronger for the association of physical frailty with nursing home placement / short stay as well as on FPC. There is less (more heterogeneous) evidence regarding the correlation between physical frailty and FHH or IC use. Results need to be confirmed by more advanced statistical methods or design based on longitudinal data.

scholarly journals Does context matter? Voluntary work in long-term care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-180
Author(s):  
Laila Tingvold ◽  
Oddvar Førland
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Care Services

Introduction: Increased voluntary work in long-term care (LTC) is encouraged in white papers in Norway as well as in many other western states. This is due to the growth in the number of service recipients and a subsequent economic burden for the state. Voluntary work in nursing homes and home care services take place in different spatial contexts, but little attention has been paid to how the different contexts may potentially influence the possibilities for voluntary work. The aim of this study is to obtain new knowledge of the significance of context in recruitment of volunteers in LTC. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among leaders in nursing homes and home services in 50 municipalities across all regions of Norway. Descriptive analysis was used. Results: According to the leaders, home care services had less voluntary work than nursing homes. Respondents from home care scored “poor flow of information” and “low interest in the municipality” as major hinderances, more so than respondents from nursing homes did. Discussion: Nursing homes typically have many residents under one roof following a similar schedule. Thus, volunteer-run activities are held more easily at set times and incorporated into the daily life of the institutions. On the other hand, home dwellers in home care stay in a more individualised setting with more autonomy and can opt out of activities that nursing home residents would normally join. Skill acquisition, networking and socializing are common motivations for volunteering, and a nursing home setting may be an easier context to obtain this. The governmental endeavour for increased voluntary work in LTC can be seen as an effort to meet expected rises in public expenditure. However, the realism can be debated due to substantial challenges on the future potential of volunteerism in LTC, especially in the home care context.

Palliative Care in Long-Term Care Settings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Yennurajalingam
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Home Placement

Long-term care is a setting of provision of health and supportive services to patients unable to practice self-care, usually over months or years. For older frail patients, nursing homes have increasingly become a common setting for long-term care. Approximately 65% of nursing home residents die within 12 months of nursing home placement. A vast majority of these patients experience significant symptom distress, and frequent hospital admissions. Palliative care in these at risk patients is essential to improve symptom management, aligning care with patient care, and reduce hospital readmissions. This chapter outlines the important aspects involved in provision of palliative care in long-term settings.

A comparison of cognitive functioning in long-term care and short-stay nursing home residents

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. MANSBACH ◽  
RYAN A. MACE ◽  
KRISTEN M. CLARK ◽  
ISABELLA M. FIRTH
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Cognitive Levels

ABSTRACTIt can be challenging to provide person-centred care for individuals with cognitive impairment if they are unable to communicate their needs to facility providers clearly. The high base rates of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in US nursing homes is well documented; however, our understanding of the unique prevalence of cognitive levels in long-term care and short-stay residents is limited. Our aim is to determine whether there are significant differences in specific cognitive levels between these two groups. Long-term care and short-stay residents (N = 579) were randomly selected from 18 Maryland, US skilled nursing facilities; 345 met inclusion criteria for participation (mean age 79.41) and completed a cognitive test (Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT)). Based on BCAT scores, 78.9 per cent of the long-term care residents had dementia compared to 61.4 per cent for short-stay residents. The proportions of MCI, mild, and moderate to severe dementia were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.00). The odds of residents having moderate to severe dementia were 2.76 times greater for long-term care compared to short-stay residents. BCAT total and factor scores were significantly different between long-term care and short-stay nursing home residents (p < 0.001). We discuss the implications of these empirical findings in terms of facilitating person-centred care in nursing homes.

scholarly journals Blockchain-IoT-Driven Nursing Workforce Planning for Effective Long-Term Care Management in Nursing Homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Y. P. Tsang ◽  
C. H. Wu ◽  
Polly P. L. Leung ◽  
W. H. Ip ◽  
W. K. Ching
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Nursing Staffing

Due to the global ageing population, the increasing demand for long-term care services for the elderly has directed considerable attention towards the renovation of nursing homes. Although nursing homes play an essential role within residential elderly care, professional shortages have created serious pressure on the elderly service sector. Effective workforce planning is vital for improving the efficacy and workload balance of existing nursing staff in today’s complex and volatile long-term care service market. Currently, there is lack of an integrated solution to monitor care services and determine the optimal nursing staffing strategy in nursing homes. This study addresses the above challenge through the formulation of nursing staffing optimisation under the blockchain-internet of things (BIoT) environment. Embedding a blockchain into IoT establishes the long-term care platform for the elderly and care workers, thereby decentralising long-term care information in the nursing home network to achieve effective care service monitoring. Moreover, such information is further utilised to optimise nursing staffing by using a genetic algorithm. A case study of a Hong Kong nursing home was conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. We found that the total monthly staffing cost after using the proposed model was significantly lower than the existing practice with a change of −13.48%, which considers the use of heterogeneous workforce and temporary staff. Besides, the care monitoring and staffing flexibility are further enhanced, in which the concept of skill substitution is integrated in nursing staffing optimisation.

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