Insect-plant interactions: oviposition and larval-feeding behaviour of diamondback moth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiam Khai Ang
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Interactions

Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Robson Thomaz Thuler ◽  
Fernando Henrique Iost Filho ◽  
Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Sergio Antônio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Kluyvera Ascorbata ◽  
And Behavior

Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.

scholarly journals Plant Pathogen Invasion Modifies the Eco-Evolutionary Host Plant Interactions of an Endangered Checkerspot Butterfly

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Paul M. Severns ◽  
Melinda Guzman-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Germination Timing

New plant pathogen invasions typified by cryptic disease symptoms or those appearing sporadically in time and patchily in space, might go largely unnoticed and not taken seriously by ecologists. We present evidence that the recent invasion of Pyrenopeziza plantaginis (Dermateaceae) into the Pacific Northwest USA, which causes foliar necrosis in the fall and winter on Plantago lanceolata (plantain), the primary (non-native) foodplant for six of the eight extant Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly populations (Euphydryas editha taylori, endangered species), has altered eco-evolutionary foodplant interactions to a degree that threatens butterfly populations with extinction. Patterns of butterfly, larval food plant, and P. plantaginis disease development suggested the ancestral relationship was a two-foodplant system, with perennial Castilleja spp. supporting oviposition and pre-diapause larvae, and the annual Collinsia parviflora supporting post-diapause larvae. Plantain, in the absence of P. plantaginis disease, provided larval food resources throughout all butterfly life stages and may explain plantain’s initial adoption by Taylor’s checkerspot. However, in the presence of severe P. plantaginis disease, plantain-dependent butterfly populations experience a six-week period in the winter where post-diapause larvae lack essential plantain resources. Only C. parviflora, which is rare and competitively inferior under present habitat conditions, can fulfill the post-diapause larval feeding requirements in the presence of severe P. plantaginis disease. However, a germination timing experiment suggested C. parviflora to be suitably timed for only Washington Taylor’s checkerspot populations. The recent invasion by P. plantaginis appears to have rendered the ancestrally adaptive acquisition of plantain by Taylor’s checkerspot an unreliable, maladaptive foodplant interaction.

scholarly journals Development and functional morphology of the larval foregut of two brachyuran species from Northern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Abrunhosa ◽  
Darlan J.B. Simith ◽  
Joely R.C. Monteiro ◽  
Antonio N. de Souza Junior ◽  
Pedro A.C. Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Northern Brazil

Feeding is an important factor for the successful rearing of larvae of the crab species. Further information on the morphological features of the foregut may to reveal larval feeding behaviour and or/whether there is a lecithotrophy in some or even in all stages of the larval cycle. In the present study, the structural development of the foregut and their digestive functions were examined in larvae of two brachyurans, Uca vocator and Panopeus occidentalis, reared in the laboratory. During larval development, the foreguts of the larvae in the first and last zoeal stages and in the megalopa stage were microscopically examined, described and illustrated. The zoeal foreguts of both species were well developed, showing specialization with a functional cardiopyloric valve and a filter press. The megalopa stage had a complex and specialized gastric mill similar to that found in adult crabs with the appearance of rigidly calcified structures. These results support the hypothesis that the feeding behaviour of each larval stage is directly related to the morphological structure of the foregut. Such facts strongly indicate that all larval stages of both . vocator and P occidentalis need an external food source before completing the larval development in a planktonic environment.

Contrary effects of leaf position and identity on oviposition and larval feeding patterns of the diamondback moth

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurion C.K. Ang ◽  
Rehan Silva ◽  
Sean L. Maxwell ◽  
Myron P. Zalucki ◽  
Michael J. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Feeding Patterns

scholarly journals Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species kale rape and turnip

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
A.J. Michel ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M.M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Number Of Stems

Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) is a major pest of forage brassica crops in New Zealand This study evaluated the effects of DBM larval feeding on three forage brassica crops in a greenhouse experiment DBM eggs in batches of 5 10 or 50 were placed on 6weekold potted kale rape and turnip plants Plant growth and development (main stem diameter plant height total number of stems and leaves and dry matter weight of roots and foliage (including stems)) were measured at harvest Additionally the number of pupae recovered was recorded None of the measurements of plant growth was influenced (P>005) by DBM egg density Percentage pupal recovery was consistent between treatments Larger DBM population sizes may have been required to show an effect on plant growth Implications of these results for DBM pest management are discussed

Salivary proteins of plant-feeding hemipteroids – implication in phytophagy

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sharma ◽  
A.N. Khan ◽  
S. Subrahmanyam ◽  
A. Raman ◽  
G.S. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

AbstractMany hemipteroids are major pests and vectors of microbial pathogens, infecting crops. Saliva of the hemipteroids is critical in enabling them to be voracious feeders on plants, including the economically important ones. A plethora of hemipteroid salivary enzymes is known to inflict stress in plants, either by degrading the plant tissue or by affecting their normal metabolism. Hemipteroids utilize one of the following three strategies of feeding behaviour: salivary sheath feeding, osmotic-pump feeding and cell-rupture feeding. The last strategy also includes several different tactics such as lacerate-and-flush, lacerate-and-sip and macerate-and-flush. Understanding hemipteroid feeding mechanisms is critical, since feeding behaviour directs salivary composition. Saliva of the Heteroptera that are specialized as fruit and seed feeders, includes cell-degrading enzymes, auchenorrhynchan salivary composition also predominantly consists of cell-degrading enzymes such as amylase and protease, whereas that of the Sternorhyncha includes a variety of allelochemical-detoxifying enzymes. Little is known about the salivary composition of the Thysanoptera. Cell-degrading proteins such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase and pectinesterase enable stylet entry into the plant tissue. In contrast, enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, laccase and trehalase detoxify plant chemicals, enabling the circumvention of plant-defence mechanisms. Salivary enzymes such as M1-zinc metalloprotease and CLIP-domain serine protease as inAcyrthosiphon pisum(Aphididae), and non-enzymatic proteins such as apolipophorin, ficolin-3-like protein and ‘lava-lamp’ protein as inDiuraphis noxia(Aphididae) have the capacity to alter host-plant-defence mechanisms. A majority of the hemipteroids feed on phloem, hence Ca++-binding proteins such as C002 protein, calreticulin-like isoform 1 and calmodulin (critical for preventing sieve-plate occlusion) are increasingly being recognized in hemipteroid–plant interactions. Determination of a staggering variety of proteins shows the complexity of hemipteroid saliva: effector proteins localized in hemipteran saliva suggest a similarity to the physiology of pathogen–plant interactions.

Ovicidal, larvicidal, and behavioural effects of some plant essential oils on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder S. Sangha ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
G. Christopher Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

AbstractAlternatives to synthetic insecticides are desirable for management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), an insect pest of global importance. Many essential oils derived from aromatic plants have demonstrated toxicity and behaviour altering effects on insect pests, and are considered low-risk alternatives to synthetic insecticides. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the biological activity of several low-cost, commercially available essential oils against P. xylostella. Experiments testing ovicidal effects, larvicidal effects, larval feeding deterrence, and adult oviposition deterrence were done with essential oils derived from Artemisia abrotanum Linnaeus (Asteraceae), balsam fir (Abies balsamea Linnaeus (Pinaceae)), black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus (Piperaceae)), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus polybractea (Baker) (Myrtaceae)), garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus (Amaryllidaceae)), rosewood (a blend of different oil constituents), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare Linnaeus (Asteraceae)), and thyme (Thymus zygis Linnaeus (Lamiaceae)), using concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5% v/v. Although all essential oils had some level of bioactivity against certain P. xylostella life stages, essential oils from garlic, rosewood, and thyme were most effective overall, demonstrating significant ovicidal and larvicidal activity, as well as deterrent effects on larval feeding and settling behaviour, and adult oviposition. Although variable phytotoxicity was observed with essential oils at 2.5% and 5% v/v concentrations, the results suggest that rosewood, garlic, and thyme essential oils have potential in management of P. xylostella.

scholarly journals Observations on the Association between Some Buprestid and Cerambycid Beetles and Black Frankincense Resin Inducement

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Hilary Sommerlatte ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles

Samburu resin harvesters in northern Kenya maintain that frankincense resin flow from Boswellia neglecta and Commiphora confusa is induced by insect larval activity. Observations on the insects’ larval behaviour support these claims. During the frankincense harvest, buprestid beetle larvae, identified as a Sphenoptera species, are found under B. neglecta resin, eating the monoterpene-rich inner bark, which apparently stimulates the trees to produce copious amounts of fresh resin. The same behaviour was observed with cerambycid beetle larvae, identified as Neoplocaederus benningseni Kolbe, on C. confusa trees. Remarkably, these insects have developed the capacity to digest the resin-saturated inner bark and overcome the toxic, repellent characteristics of oleo-monoterpenes. The frankincense resin also appears to act as a protective covering during the insects’ larval and pupal stages. Excessive tree damage was not noted from these insect invasions. Even though the tree species are from different genera, the resin produced by both is black, with a very similar aromatic chemical profile. The question thus arises as to whether the larval feeding behaviour of these beetle species has an influence, not only on the physical appearance but also on the chemical composition of the resins.

scholarly journals Selective Feeding and Microalgal Consumption Rates by Crown-of-Thorns Seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) Larvae

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Mellin ◽  
Claire Lugrin ◽  
Ken Okaji ◽  
David S. Francis ◽  
Sven Uthicke
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns seastar (CoTS) represent a major cause of coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef. Outbreaks might be explained by enhanced larval survival supported by higher phytoplankton availability after flood events, yet little is known about CoTS larvae feeding behaviour, in particular their potential for selective feeding. Here, single- and mixed-species feeding experiments were conducted on CoTS bipinnaria larvae using five algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Pavlova lutheri, Tisochrysis lutea , Dunaliella sp. and Chaetoceros sp.) and two algal concentrations (1000 and 2500 algae mL-1). Cell counts using flow-cytometry at the beginning and end of each incubation experiment allowed us to calculate the filtration and ingestion rates of each species by CoTS larvae. In line with previous studies, CoTS larvae ingested more algae when initial algal concentration was higher. We found evidence for the selective ingestion of some species (Chaetoceros sp., Dunaliella sp.) over others (P. lutheri, P. tricornutum). The preferred algal species had the highest energy content, suggesting that CoTS selectively ingested the most energetic algae. Ultimately, combining these results with spatio-temporal patterns in phytoplankton communities will help elucidate the role of larval feeding behaviour in determining the frequency and magnitude of CoTS outbreaks.

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