Contrary effects of leaf position and identity on oviposition and larval feeding patterns of the diamondback moth

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurion C.K. Ang ◽  
Rehan Silva ◽  
Sean L. Maxwell ◽  
Myron P. Zalucki ◽  
Michael J. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Feeding Patterns

Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Robson Thomaz Thuler ◽  
Fernando Henrique Iost Filho ◽  
Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Sergio Antônio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Kluyvera Ascorbata ◽  
And Behavior

Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.

Association of within-tree jack pine budworm feeding patterns with canopy level and within-needle variation of water, nutrient, and monoterpene concentrations

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F Wallin ◽  
Kenneth F Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Relative Differences

The possibility that uneven within-tree feeding patterns by jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) larvae could be related to underlying variation in host jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) foliar water, nutrient, and monoterpene contents was considered. Choristoneura pinus pinus feeds disproportionately in the upper portion of the canopy and almost exclusively on the basal portions of needles. Within needles, the distribution of water, several nutrients, and monoterpenes varied significantly between the distal and basal sections. Water, nitrogen, sulfur, manganese, and zinc levels occurred in higher concentrations in the distal section of the needle, which would not be predicted based on C. pinus pinus feeding patterns. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, and copper were significantly higher in the basal section. Although the latter differences might be predicted based on C. pinus pinus feeding patterns, they were not strong (ranging from 7.8% to 36.4% relative differences, as compared with 10.7%-50.0% relative differences in the former group). By contrast, concentrations of foliar monoterpenes were more strongly associated with known feeding patterns of C. pinus pinus. These relative differences ranged from myrcene (26.8%) to limonene (44.79%). Thus, foliar differences affecting within-needle feeding selection appear more associated with allelochemicals than nutrients or water. In contrast with the within-needle associations between larval feeding and foliar chemistry, no associations between upper and lower canopy foliage were observed. Water, nutrients, and monoterpenes were evenly distributed across the upper and lower canopy locations. Thus, differential feeding between canopy locations cannot be explained by foliar constituents. Rather, it is more likely explained by other environmental factors, such as proximity to and density of reproductive and vegetative shoots.

scholarly journals Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species kale rape and turnip

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
A.J. Michel ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M.M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Number Of Stems

Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) is a major pest of forage brassica crops in New Zealand This study evaluated the effects of DBM larval feeding on three forage brassica crops in a greenhouse experiment DBM eggs in batches of 5 10 or 50 were placed on 6weekold potted kale rape and turnip plants Plant growth and development (main stem diameter plant height total number of stems and leaves and dry matter weight of roots and foliage (including stems)) were measured at harvest Additionally the number of pupae recovered was recorded None of the measurements of plant growth was influenced (P>005) by DBM egg density Percentage pupal recovery was consistent between treatments Larger DBM population sizes may have been required to show an effect on plant growth Implications of these results for DBM pest management are discussed

Ovicidal, larvicidal, and behavioural effects of some plant essential oils on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder S. Sangha ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
G. Christopher Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

AbstractAlternatives to synthetic insecticides are desirable for management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), an insect pest of global importance. Many essential oils derived from aromatic plants have demonstrated toxicity and behaviour altering effects on insect pests, and are considered low-risk alternatives to synthetic insecticides. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the biological activity of several low-cost, commercially available essential oils against P. xylostella. Experiments testing ovicidal effects, larvicidal effects, larval feeding deterrence, and adult oviposition deterrence were done with essential oils derived from Artemisia abrotanum Linnaeus (Asteraceae), balsam fir (Abies balsamea Linnaeus (Pinaceae)), black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus (Piperaceae)), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus polybractea (Baker) (Myrtaceae)), garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus (Amaryllidaceae)), rosewood (a blend of different oil constituents), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare Linnaeus (Asteraceae)), and thyme (Thymus zygis Linnaeus (Lamiaceae)), using concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5% v/v. Although all essential oils had some level of bioactivity against certain P. xylostella life stages, essential oils from garlic, rosewood, and thyme were most effective overall, demonstrating significant ovicidal and larvicidal activity, as well as deterrent effects on larval feeding and settling behaviour, and adult oviposition. Although variable phytotoxicity was observed with essential oils at 2.5% and 5% v/v concentrations, the results suggest that rosewood, garlic, and thyme essential oils have potential in management of P. xylostella.

Responses of Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to Caterpillar Feeding in a Flight Tunnel

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. Hu ◽  
E. R. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Diadegma Insulare ◽  
Host Complex

A flight tunnel bioassay was used to evaluate attraction responses of female Diadegma insulare (Cresson), a host-specific parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), to collard plants (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) infested with host and nonhost caterpillars. Adult female wasps showed increased responses to odors of the plant-host complex after a brief contact experience with host-infested collard leaves. Such an increase shows evidence of associative learning in this parasitoid to the odor released from the larval-plant complex. The same experimental design was also used to determine responses of the parasitoid to plants infested with nonhost larvae-cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), and imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.). The female wasps conditioned to the plants infested with host larvae also showed increased responses to plants infested with larvae of cabbage looper or imported cabbageworm. These results indicate that plants damaged by host and nonhost caterpillars may release general odors that are attractive to D. insulare. The general damage odors caused by host and nonhost larval feeding may enhance biological control of the diamondback moth. Host-search ability of the parasitoid increases after experiencing host damage. When host populations are low in fields, plant odors caused by generalist herbivore feeding may also attract D. insulare parasitoids to the vicinity, thereby improving encounter chances of the parasitoid encountering diamondback moth larvae.

Effects of Cantharidin and Norcantharidin on Larval Feeding and Adult Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1634-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-fan Li ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Na Xi ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Antifeedant Effect ◽  
Oviposition Preferences ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a destructive insect pest of cruciferous plants that has developed resistance to almost every listed commercial insecticide. Cantharidin as an animal-derived biopesticide is a natural defensive compound produced by Meloidae insects with toxicity to many insects including P. xylostella. Norcantharidin is an important substitute of cantharidin and has similar insecticidal activities to cantharidin. Although the toxicity of cantharidin and norcantharidin to P. xylostella has been reported, little research has focused on the effects of cantharidin or norcantharidin on the behavior of P. xylostella. In this study, we investigated the feeding behavior of third-instar larvae and the oviposition preference of adult P. xylostella in order to explore the effects of different concentrations of cantharidin and norcantharidin. Results show that cantharidin and norcantharidin have antifeedant effect on P. xylostella larvae. The values for AFC50 were 13.0228 and 149.4210 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the oviposition deterrence rate of cantharidin on P. xylostella ranged from 49.37 to 58.24% and that of norcantharidin was from 20.88 to 33.33%. These results suggest cantharidin and norcantharidin may have repellent and antifeedant effect on P. xylostella, which could contribute toward using biopesticides to manage P. xylostella and may provide a new strategy for integrated pest management.

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