Identification of therapeutic targets to regulate insulin sensitivity: potential role of placental exosomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Soumyalekshmi Sukumaran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Targets

scholarly journals Role of Histone Deacetylases in Carcinogenesis: Potential Role in Cholangiocarcinoma

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Kishor Pant ◽  
Estanislao Peixoto ◽  
Seth Richard ◽  
Sergio A. Gradilone
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Frequent Relapse

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly invasive and metastatic form of carcinoma with bleak prognosis due to limited therapies, frequent relapse, and chemotherapy resistance. There is an urgent need to identify the molecular regulators of CCA in order to develop novel therapeutics and advance diseases diagnosis. Many cellular proteins including histones may undergo a series of enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, and crotonylation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in regulating epigenetic maintenance and modifications of their targets, which in turn exert critical impacts on chromatin structure, gene expression, and stability of proteins. As such, HDACs constitute a group of potential therapeutic targets for CCA. The aim of this review was to summarize the role that HDACs perform in regulating epigenetic changes, tumor development, and their potential as therapeutic targets for CCA.

scholarly journals Sphingolipid-Transporting Proteins as Cancer Therapeutic Targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Samaha ◽  
Housam H. Hamdo ◽  
Max Wilde ◽  
Kevin Prause ◽  
Christoph Arenz
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Past ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Rate Limiting

The understanding of the role of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer has tremendously increased in the past ten years. Many tumors are characterized by imbalances in sphingolipid metabolism. In many cases, disorders of sphingolipid metabolism are also likely to cause or at least promote cancer. In this review, sphingolipid transport proteins and the processes catalyzed by them are regarded as essential components of sphingolipid metabolism. There is much to suggest that these processes are often rate-limiting steps for metabolism of individual sphingolipid species and thus represent potential target structures for pharmaceutical anticancer research. Here, we summarize empirical and biochemical data on different proteins with key roles in sphingolipid transport and their potential role in cancer.

The potential role of olive oil-derived MUFA in insulin sensitivity

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey C. Tierney ◽  
Helen M. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals Potential role of cancer stem cells as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1144
Author(s):  
Niyati Sudhalkar ◽  
Nidul P. Rathod ◽  
Ashwathi Mathews ◽  
Supriya Chopra ◽  
Harshini Sriram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Targets

scholarly journals miR-302 Attenuates Mutant Huntingtin-Induced Cytotoxicity through Restoration of Autophagy and Insulin Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8424
Author(s):  
Ching-Chi Chang ◽  
Sing-Hua Tsou ◽  
Wei-Jen Chen ◽  
Ying-Jui Ho ◽  
Hui-Chih Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mutant Huntingtin ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Impaired Insulin

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant brain disorder caused by mutant huntingtin (mHtt). Although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear, the mutational expansion of polyglutamine in mHtt is proposed to induce protein aggregates and neuronal toxicity. Previous studies have shown that the decreased insulin sensitivity is closely related to mHtt-associated impairments in HD patients. However, how mHtt interferes with insulin signaling in neurons is still unknown. In the present study, we used a HD cell model to demonstrate that the miR-302 cluster, an embryonic stem cell-specific polycistronic miRNA, is significantly downregulated in mHtt-Q74-overexpressing neuronal cells. On the contrary, restoration of miR-302 cluster was shown to attenuate mHtt-induced cytotoxicity by improving insulin sensitivity, leading to a reduction of mHtt aggregates through the enhancement of autophagy. In addition, miR-302 also promoted mitophagy and stimulated Sirt1/AMPK-PGC1α pathway thereby preserving mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results highlight the potential role of miR-302 cluster in neuronal cells, and provide a novel mechanism for mHtt-impaired insulin signaling in the pathogenesis of HD.

scholarly journals Understanding the Stony Bridge between Osteoporosis and Vascular Calcification: Impact of the FGF23/Klotho axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xu Wei ◽  
Xinyi Huang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Baoyu Qi ◽  
Shengjie Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Stiffness Ratio ◽  
Fgf 23 ◽  
The Relationship

A relationship between osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) is now proposed. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of them. Fibroblast growth factor- (FGF-) 23 and Klotho are hormones associated with the metabolic axis of osteovascular metabolism. Most recently, it was suggested that the FGF23-klotho axis is associated with increasing incidence of fractures and is potentially involved in the progression of the aortic-brachial stiffness ratio. Herein, we discussed the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in the pathophysiology of OP and VC. We want to provide an update review in order to allow a better understanding of the potential role of the FGF23/Klotho axis in comorbidity of OP and VC. We believe that a better understanding of the relationship between both entities can help in proposing new therapeutic targets for reducing the increasing prevalence of OP and VC in the aging population.

scholarly journals Nuclear-cytoplasmic Shuttling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Implications in Leukemia Maintenance and Therapy

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Giovanna Carrà ◽  
Isabella Russo ◽  
Angelo Guerrasio ◽  
Alessandro Morotti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Cellular Compartmentalization

Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling is a highly regulated and complex process, which involves both proteins and nucleic acids. Changes in cellular compartmentalization of various proteins, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, affect cellular behavior, promoting or inhibiting proliferation, apoptosis and sensitivity to therapies. In this review, we will recapitulate the role of various shuttling components in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and we will provide insights on the potential role of shuttling proteins as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals CXC and CC Chemokines as Angiogenic Modulators in Nonhaematological Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Santoni ◽  
Sergio Bracarda ◽  
Massimo Nabissi ◽  
Francesco Massari ◽  
Alessandro Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Cc Chemokines

Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.

scholarly journals Potential role of angiotensin‐(1–7) in the improvement of vascular insulin sensitivity after a bout of exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzell A. Gallardo‐Ortíz ◽  
Rafael Villalobos‐Molina ◽  
Omar Echeverría‐Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Role
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