scholarly journals Platelet Rich Fibrin - A Saviour for Replanted Teeth – A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2816-2823
Author(s):  
Sanjana Mall ◽  
Rajmohan Shetty ◽  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Kavita Rai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Soft Tissue Healing ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Tissue Healing

The periodontal ligament is a unique specialised connective tissue between the cementum covering the tooth root and the alveolar bone. It is believed that periodontal ligament cells are responsible for not only osteogenesis and osteoclasia of the alveolar bone but also for fibrogenesis and fibroplasia of the ligament itself, as well as cementogenesis and the presence of cementoblasts on the root surface. Injury to the periodontal ligament (PDL) and its compromised healing (external inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption) has been cited as one of the major reasons for the failure of transplantation and replantation procedures. The necessity of having a healthy PDL so that the tooth can re-attach and be retained in the socket determines the prognosis of replanted teeth. Thus, the importance of maintaining the periodontal viability has led to an increased interest in the development of platelet concentrates, which have been considered as autologous biomaterials having the ability to potentiate healing, repair, and regenerate. PRF (platelet rich fibrin) is a living biomaterial derived from human blood containing fibrin, platelets, growth factors, leukocytes and stem cells entrapped in a fibrin-based scaffold / matrix, which has been documented to promote bone and soft tissue healing and regeneration. PRF technology has grabbed the attention of clinicians because it is readily available, is easy to prepare, can be produced immediately at the chairside, is easy to use, and widely applicable in dentistry, while being financially realistic for the patient and the clinician. Thus, the purpose of this review is to enumerate the biologic, chemical and physical properties of PRF and highlight the essential role it plays in periodontal regeneration and repair, which can be highly beneficial in improving the treatment success rate of transplantation and replantation procedures. KEY WORDS Platelet Rich Fibrin, Replantation, Transplantation, Periodontal Ligament, Periodontal Regeneration

scholarly journals Focus on periodontal engineering by 3D printing technology – A systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-531
Author(s):  
Manchala Sesha Reddy ◽  
◽  
Shishir Ram Shetty ◽  
Raghavendra Manjunath Shetty ◽  
Venkataramana Vannala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cells is an emerging area of research but has not been explored yet in the context of periodontal tissue engineering. Objetive: This study reports on the optimization of the 3D bioprinting scaffolds and tissues used that could be applied clinically to seniors for the regenerative purpose to meet individual patient treatment needs. Material and Methods: We methodically explored the printability of various tissues (dentin pulp stem/progenitor cells, periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells, alveolar bone stem/progenitor cells, advanced platelet-rich fibrin and injected platelet-rich fibrin) and scaffolds using 3D printers pertaining only to periodontal defects. The influence of different printing parameters with the help of scaffold to promote periodontal regeneration and to replace the lost structure has been evaluated. Results: This systematic evaluation enabled the selection of the most suited printing conditions for achieving high printing resolution, dimensional stability, and cell viability for 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells. Conclusion: The optimized bioprinting system is the first step towards the reproducible manufacturing of cell laden, space maintaining scaffolds for the treatment of periodontal lesions.

scholarly journals Obtention of injectable platelets rich-fibrin (i-PRF) and its polymerization with bone graft: technical note

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão ◽  
Helder Valiense ◽  
Elias Rodrigues Melo ◽  
Natália Belmock Mascarenhas Freitas Mourão ◽  
Mônica Diuana-Calasans Maia
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Soft Tissue Healing ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Autologous Platelet ◽  
Injectable Form

The use of autologous platelet concentrates, represent a promising and innovator tools in the medicine and dentistry today. The goal is to accelerate hard and soft tissue healing. Among them, the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the main alternative for use in liquid form (injectable). These injectable form ofplatelet concentrates are often used in regenerative procedures and demonstrate good results. The aim of this study is to present an alternative to these platelet concentrates using the platelet-rich fibrin in liquid form (injectable) and its use with particulated bone graft materials in the polymerized form.

Are Cementoblasts a Subpopulation of Osteoblasts or a Unique Phenotype?

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Bosshardt
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Enamel Matrix Proteins ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Precursor Cell Line ◽  
Cell Diversity

Experimental studies have shown a great potential for periodontal regeneration. The limitations of periodontal regeneration largely depend on the regenerative potential at the root surface. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC), so-called bone-like tissue, may form instead of the desired acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC), and the interfacial tissue bonding may be weak. The periodontal ligament harbors progenitor cells that can differentiate into periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts, but their precise location is unknown. It is also not known whether osteoblasts and cementoblasts arise from a common precursor cell line, or whether distinct precursor cell lines exist. Thus, there is limited knowledge about how cell diversity evolves in the space between the developing root and the alveolar bone. This review supports the hypothesis that AEFC is a unique tissue, while CIFC and bone share some similarities. Morphologically, functionally, and biochemically, however, CIFC is distinctly different from any bone type. There are several lines of evidence to propose that cementoblasts that produce both AEFC and CIFC are unique phenotypes that are unrelated to osteoblasts. Cementum attachment protein appears to be cementum-specific, and the expression of two proteoglycans, fibromodulin and lumican, appears to be stronger in CIFC than in bone. A theory is presented that may help explain how cell diversity evolves in the periodontal ligament. It proposes that Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath and cells derived from it play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the periodontium. The role of enamel matrix proteins in cementoblast and osteoblast differentiation and their potential use for tissue engineering are discussed.

scholarly journals PLATELET CONCENTRATES- PREPARATION PROTOCOLS AND RECENT ADVANCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Prathamesh Fulsundar ◽  
Vijaysinh More
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Tissue Healing

Autologous blood derivatives are surgical biologic additive that are prepared by manipulation of autologous blood. Platelet rich fibrin is one of the most commonly used blood derivatives in dentistry. Blood derivatives have several advantages such as being 100% autogenous, cost effective, less time consuming, simple to perform and with superior & prolonged release of growth factors. Since inception there has been evolution of various techniques, in-depth research regarding its biological actions, clinical applications. Several modifications have been advocated in the conventional protocol like the advanced PRF, injectable PRF, PRF lysate and Titanium-prepared PRF. Hence, the aim of this article is to review various types and properties of blood derivatives and the advancement in the PRF technology since its inception. Furthermore, platelet concentrates are safe, reliable and cost-effective means to accelerate tissue healing and for improving the efficiency of tissue repair after injury.

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles Combined Human β-Defensin 3 Gene-Modified Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Alleviate Periodontal Destruction via the p38 MAPK Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjun Li ◽  
Yangheng Zhang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
P38 Mapk Pathway

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with plaques as the initiating factor, which will induce the destruction of periodontal tissues. Numerous studies focused on how to obtain periodontal tissue regeneration in inflammatory environments. Previous studies have reported adenovirus-mediated human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) gene transfer could potentially enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and bone repair in periodontitis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the ideal inorganic nanomaterials in biomedicine applications, were proved to have synergetic effects with gene transfection. To further observe the potential promoting effects, AuNPs were added to the transfected cells. The results showed the positive effects of osteogenic differentiation while applying AuNPs into hPDLCs transfected by adenovirus encoding hBD3 gene. In vivo, after rat periodontal ligament cell (rPDLC) transplantation into SD rats with periodontitis, AuNPs combined hBD3 gene modification could also promote periodontal regeneration. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was demonstrated to potentially regulate both the in vitro and in vivo processes. In conclusion, AuNPs can promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBD3 gene-modified hPDLCs and periodontal regeneration via the p38 MAPK pathway.

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Fibrin Promotes Periodontal Regeneration and Enhances Alveolar Bone Augmentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Shuang Pan ◽  
Smit J. Dangaria ◽  
Gokul Gopinathan ◽  
Antonia Kolokythas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Osteogenic Lineage

In the present study we have determined the suitability of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a complex scaffold for periodontal tissue regeneration. Replacing PRF with its major component fibrin increased mineralization in alveolar bone progenitors when compared to periodontal progenitors, suggesting that fibrin played a substantial role in PRF-induced osteogenic lineage differentiation. Moreover, there was a 3.6-fold increase in the early osteoblast transcription factor RUNX2 and a 3.1-fold reduction of the mineralization inhibitor MGP as a result of PRF application in alveolar bone progenitors, a trend not observed in periodontal progenitors. Subcutaneous implantation studies revealed that PRF readily integrated with surrounding tissues and was partially replaced with collagen fibers 2 weeks after implantation. Finally, clinical pilot studies in human patients documented an approximately 5 mm elevation of alveolar bone height in tandem with oral mucosal wound healing. Together, these studies suggest that PRF enhances osteogenic lineage differentiation of alveolar bone progenitors more than of periodontal progenitors by augmenting osteoblast differentiation, RUNX2 expression, and mineralized nodule formation via its principal component fibrin. They also document that PRF functions as a complex regenerative scaffold promoting both tissue-specific alveolar bone augmentation and surrounding periodontal soft tissue regeneration via progenitor-specific mechanisms.

scholarly journals Combination of Root Surface Modification with BMP-2 and Collagen Hydrogel Scaffold Implantation for Periodontal Healing in Beagle Dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Kato ◽  
Hirofumi Miyaji ◽  
Ryosuke Ishizuka ◽  
Keisuke Tokunaga ◽  
Kana Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffold ◽  
Collagen Hydrogel ◽  
Periodontal Wound Healing ◽  
Periodontal Attachment

Objective : Biomodification of the root surface plays a major role in periodontal wound healing. Root surface modification with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulates bone and cementum-like tissue formation; however, severe ankylosis is simultaneously observed. Bio-safe collagen hydrogel scaffolds may therefore be useful for supplying periodontal ligament cells and preventing ankylosis. We examined the effects of BMP modification in conjunction with collagen hydrogel scaffold implantation on periodontal wound healing in dogs. Material and Methods: The collagen hydrogel scaffold was composed of type I collagen sponge and collagen hydrogel. One-wall infrabony defects (5 mm in depth, 3 mm in width) were surgically created in six beagle dogs. In the BMP/Col group, BMP-2 was applied to the root surface (loading dose; 1 µg/µl), and the defects were filled with collagen hydrogel scaffold. In the BMP or Col group, BMP-2 coating or scaffold implantation was performed. Histometric parameters were evaluated at 4 weeks after surgery. Results: Single use of BMP stimulated formation of alveolar bone and ankylosis. In contrast, the BMP/Col group frequently enhanced reconstruction of periodontal attachment including cementum-like tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The amount of new periodontal ligament in the BMP/Col group was significantly greater when compared to all other groups. In addition, ankylosis was rarely observed in the BMP/Col group. Conclusion: The combination method using root surface modification with BMP and collagen hydrogel scaffold implantation facilitated the reestablishment of periodontal attachment. BMP-related ankylosis was suppressed by implantation of collagen hydrogel.

scholarly journals Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) Application in Oral Surgery

Platelets ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Saglanmak ◽  
Caglar Cinar ◽  
Alper Gultekin
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Sinus Augmentation ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Oroantral Fistula ◽  
Soft Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Negative Beliefs

Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous biological product which becomes popular day by day and available in a wide variety of fields in medicine. Platelet concentrates which are introduced at the early 90s have evolved over the years. The use such autologous materials have become trendy in recent years to encounter demanding expectations of patients, improve treatment success and maximize patient comfort. Despite its increasing use in dentistry and oral surgery, the most indications and effects are still being discussed. PRF is easily accepted by patients because of its low cost, easy to receive, low donor morbidity, low postoperative complication and infection rate. This biomaterial may be a solution for patients who have strong negative beliefs about the use of allografts and xenografts or who are afraid of complications during the grafting procedure. The objectives of these technologies are to use their synergistic effect to improve the hard and soft tissue regeneration. PRF in oral surgery are used for alveolar bone reconstruction, dental implant surgery, sinus augmentation, socket preservation, osteonecrosis, oroantral fistula closure, struggling with oral ulcers, preventing swelling and edema constitution. This chapter aims to review the clinical applications of platelets in oral surgery and the role of molecular components in tissue healing.

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