scholarly journals Probability of recent bark stripping damage by red deer (Cervus elaphus) on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in a low mountain range in Germany – a preliminary analysis

Silva Fennica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kiffner ◽  
Elisabeth Rössiger ◽  
Oliver Trisl ◽  
Rainer Schulz ◽  
Ferdinand Rühe
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Low Mountain Range

scholarly journals Afforested farmland vs. forestland: Effects of bark stripping by Cervus elaphus and climate on production potential and structure of Picea abies forests

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e0221082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Rostislav Linda ◽  
Ram Prasad Sharma ◽  
Stanislav Vacek
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Bark Stripping

scholarly journals Damage by deer barking and browsing and subsequent rots in Norway spruce stands of Forest Range MoP.

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Čermák ◽  
J. Glogar ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Extensive Damage

The paper deals with the determination of the rate of damage by deer barking and browsing, the subsequent rot caused by Stereum sanguinolentum and the rate of its progress, elucidates causes of damage and quantifies volume and financial losses in the region of Forest Range Mořkov, Forest District Fren&scaron;t&aacute;t pod Radho&scaron;těm. In the most damaged 2<sup>nd</sup> age class, decay by Stereum sanguinolentum was recorded in 59% of damaged trees. The progress of rot ranged from 1 to 70 cm/year. The high number of red deer is considered to be the main reason of extensive damage by bark stripping in the Forest Range Mořkov. The actual financial loss caused by depreciation of wood by the rot is greatest in the 5<sup>th</sup> age class amounting to CZK 64,320 per ha.

scholarly journals Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pusz ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽  
Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska ◽  
Katarzyna Patejuk ◽  
Paweł Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Very High

The aim of the research was to check whether the healing of bark-stripping wounds of the silver fir tree trunks reduces the share of wood-decomposing fungi, which may be the result of inter-species interactions. The study carried out in Gorce National Park in Polish Western Carpathians analyzed drill holes of sapwood from three types of wounds (fresh, healed and old) on fir trunks with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 4.0–16.9 cm as a result of bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus). In the wood of fresh wounds Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Arthrinium arundinis (Corda) Dyko & B. Sutton had the largest share in mycobiota. Phompsis spp. and the species Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. Müll. and Epicoccum nigrum Link were also isolated. The dominants in old wounds were Eutypa spp., Phomopsis spp. and Cylindrobasidium evolvens (Fr.) Jülich. Healed wounds were dominated by Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst, a fungus antagonistic to many fungal pathogens. Such properties are shared by A. arundinis, especially common in fresh wound wood. It seems that these fungi support the process of wounded tree regeneration (healing of wounds) and limit the activity of wood-decaying fungi in old age, which makes fir survival very high. Thus, even a strong red deer pressure cannot be considered the basic factor determining the dynamics of fir in this part of the Carpathians.

scholarly journals Modeling recent bark stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) in South Belgium coniferous stands

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauthier Ligot ◽  
Thibaut Gheysen ◽  
François Lehaire ◽  
Jacques Hébert ◽  
Alain Licoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Bark Stripping

scholarly journals On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Peter Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Altitudinal Limit

Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.

Variations in bark-stripping by red deer Cervus elaphus across Europe

Mammal Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
HÉLÈNE VERHEYDEN ◽  
PHILIPPE BALLON ◽  
VALERIE BERNARD ◽  
CHRISTINE SAINT-ANDRIEUX
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Bark Stripping

scholarly journals The effect of root rot and bark-stripping on wind stability of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) = Parastās egles (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) vēja noturības izmaiņas sakņu trupes un stumbra mizas bojājumu ietekmē

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oskars Krisans ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Spruce Stands

Climate change causes gradual decline of economic value of Norway spruce forestry except in boreal and hemiboreal forest zones that will remain suitable for this tree species. However, also in this region frequency and scale of damages caused by natural disturbances (abiotic and biotic factors) are expected to increase. Norway spruce will remain its economic significance and role in carbon sequestration in Latvia, if forest management practices will be changed to prevent or minimize the damages caused by natural disturbances. Information on effect of natural disturbances and their interactions on trees is vital for development of recommendations for adaptation of forestry to climate change. The aim of the thesis is to assess the effect of root rot and bark-stripping on possibility of wind induced damages in Norway spruce stands. Tree mechanical stability was primarily determined by its stem volume; however, the presence of damages, caused by biotic agents, such as root rot and bark-stripping, significantly reduced it. Morphometric parameters of Norway spruce stem and root plate differed significantly between stands on drained peat and mineral soils. Root-rot notably and significantly affected mechanical stability of trees regardless of soil type and volume of root-soil plate, resulting in similar reduction of wind load necessary to cause both primary and secondary failure. Consequences of bark-stripping primarily affected root-soil anchorage, more commonly causing uprooting than stem fracture. Most pronounced was reduction of resistance against primary failure. Changing wind climate, high population density of cervids and presence of root-rot will lead to increased risk of damages caused by (repeated) storms and subsequent legacy effects. The survival of forest stands depends on dimensions of trees and exposure time to different damaging agents, and, at current climate and silvicultural practice, was significantly reduced when transitioning into third age class (41-60 years). Targeted forestry, ensuring planting of improved material, lower initial density, timely precommercial thinning and thus ensuring faster reach of the tree dimension required for final harvest will reduce the time when stands are subjected to significant wind damage risk, thus minimizing the possibility of such disturbance and boosting value of Norway spruce stands.

scholarly journals Bark stripping damage by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the fenced rearing centre “Lomnicka Reka“

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Gacic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic ◽  
Goran Zubic ◽  
Predrag Cirovic
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Broadleaf Tree

Bark stripping damage is a serious problem in some forest hunting grounds in Serbia. This study aimed at assessing the incidence and intensity of bark stripping by red deer in the fenced rearing centre ?Lomnicka Reka? (Mt. Veliki Jastrebac, central Serbia). The data were collected by detailed surveying of the entire rearing centre over spring and autumn 2008, 2009 and 2010. Our results show that, in spring and summer, it is exclusively broadleaf tree species that are bark stripped by red deer, mainly beech (86.3% or 536 trees) and hornbeam (10.1% or 63 trees). The incidence and intensity of bark stripping were the highest in the diameter class of 20-39.9 cm. Damaged trees were identified in all parts of the rearing centre, at all aspects and at different slopes. Beech bark was stripped over the period May-August, with the focus in June or July.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) at Its Southern Lineage in Europe. Implications for Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srđan Stojnić ◽  
Evangelia V. Avramidou ◽  
Barbara Fussi ◽  
Marjana Westergren ◽  
Saša Orlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Study Results

In the present paper we studied the genetic diversity and genetic structure of five Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) natural populations situated in Serbia, belonging to the southern lineage of the species at the southern margin of the species distribution range. Four populations occur as disjunct populations on the outskirts of the Dinaric Alps mountain chain, whereas one is located at the edge of Balkan Mountain range and, therefore, can be considered as ecologically marginal due to drier climatic conditions occurring in this region. Due to the negative effect of biotic and abiotic stress factors, the sustainability of these populations is endangered, making conservation of their genetic resources one of the key measures of Norway spruce persistence in Serbia under climatic changes. The insight on genetic diversity and genetic structure of the studied spruce populations can provide the information required for the initiation of programs aimed at the conservation and utilization of spruce genetic resources at the rear edge of species environmental limits. Norway spruce genetic variation and population genetic structure were estimated using eight EST-SSR markers. The results showed that mean expected heterozygosity was 0.616 and allelic richness 10.22. Genetic differentiation among populations was low (Fst = 0.007). No recent bottleneck effect or isolation by distance were detected. Bayesian clustering, obtained with STRUCTURE, grouped the populations into two genetic clusters, whereas UPGMA analysis distinguished three main groups approximately in line with the geographic area of occurrence. Based on the study results and the EUFORGEN Pan-European strategy for genetic conservation of forest trees, the establishment of additional dynamic gene conservation units must be considered in Serbia in order to protect the adaptive and neutral genetic diversity of the species.

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