scholarly journals Assessment of the potential of Norway-spruce-seed-orchard associated plants to serve as alternate hosts of Thekopsora areolata

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Tuomas Kauppila ◽  
Jarkko Hantula
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

The alternate host range of cherry-spruce rust is poorly studied although such information could be important in protecting spruce seed orchards from infections. Pathogenicity of cherry-spruce rust, (Fr.) Magnus, was investigated on potential alternate host species in a greenhouse and in a laboratory in Finland. Five common species of Ericaceae, L., L., L., L. and (L.) Spreng, were inoculated in the greenhouse using aeciospores from seven Norway spruce [ (L.) H. Karst.] seed orchards suffering from in 2018. In addition, young detached leaves of spp. and 17 other plant species of ground vegetation from eight Norway spruce seed orchards were inoculated with aeciospores from six seed orchards in the laboratory in 2019. Also, young leaves of L. trees growing within the seed orchards or close to them were inoculated as controls. None of the inoculated leaves of the potential alternate hosts formed uredinia either in the greenhouse or in the laboratory. In contrast, leaves of from the seed orchards were infected by the six spore sources from six seed orchards and produced uredinia. As spores were able to infect only , but not the other tested species belonging to ground flora, it was concluded that disperses only via spp. in Finnish seed orchards.Thekopsora areolataVaccinium myrtillusV. uliginosumV. vitis-idaeaEmpetrum nigrumArctostaphylos uva-ursiPicea abiesT. areolataVacciniumPrunus padusP. padusT. areolataP. padusT. areolataPrunus

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Diversity in Naturally Regenerated Norway Spruce Stands and Seed Orchard Progeny Trials

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainis Ruņģis ◽  
Solveiga Luguza ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Vilnis Šķipars ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Environmental Events

Forest ecosystems in Europe are expected to experience changes in temperature and water regimes associated with increased risks of extreme environmental events and disasters. Genetic diversity and relatedness has been linked to resilience of forest stands and landscapes. Genetic diversity indicators were compared between a Norway spruce population naturally regenerated after extensive windthrow and Norway spruce progeny populations derived from two seed orchards. In addition, genetic diversity in an undisturbed stand in a long established national park and a spruce genetic resource stand were analyzed. Populations were genotyped at 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Average genetic diversity indicators were similar across populations. However, the total number of alleles, average number of alleles over all loci, effective number of alleles, average gene diversity, and average allelic richness were highest in the naturally regenerated population and lowest in one of the seed orchard progeny populations. The genetic diversity in progeny from seed orchards used for stand renewal is comparable to the genetic diversity in naturally regenerated stands. However, fluctuations in seed production between years can have a large impact on genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny. The use of improved Norway spruce germplasm deployed via clonal seed orchards for forest renewal can maintain similar levels of genetic diversity compared to naturally regenerated stands, while also increasing production and timber quality.

scholarly journals Naohidemyces vaccinii sporulates on wild species of ground flora in Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards but Thekopsora areolata does not on other species than Prunus

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Leena Aarnio ◽  
Tiina Ylioja ◽  
Jouni Karhu
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum ◽  
Ground Flora

Thekopsora areolata Picea abies Picea T. areolata T. areolata Vaccinium myrtillus V. vitis-idaea Empetrum nigrum Calluna vulgaris Thekopsora areolata Thekopsora 2 T. areolata V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea V. myrtillus V. vitis-idaea Naohidemyces vaccinii Vaccinium T. areolata Prunus

New alternate hosts for the rusts Cronartium ribicola and Cronartium flaccidum in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Ritva Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
The North ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Tropaeolum Majus ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

We explored the potential of the North European flora and some garden plants growing naturally outside Europe to support a reservoir of pine stem rusts. Live plants and detached leaves of 35 species in 16 families (Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Grossulariaceae, Paeoniaceae, Balsaminaceae, Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Loasaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Acanthaceae, Myricaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Orobanchaceae, Apocynaceae, and Fagaceae) were inoculated in the greenhouse and (or) laboratory with aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. and Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter in 2010. Cronartium flaccidum produced uredinia and (or) telia in 14 species in nine families, 11 of which represent new alternate hosts in Finland and nine also elsewhere (excluding Nemesia versicolor and Tropaeolum majus L.): Euphrasia stricta D. Wof. ex J.F. Lehm., N. versicolor E. Mey. ex Benth., Nemesia strumosa Benth., Verbena × hybrida Voss., Verbena officinalis L., Veronica longifolia L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, T. majus, Loasa triphylla Juss., Asclepias incarnata L., and Bartsia alpina L. Cronartium ribicola formed fruitbodies in nine species and cultivars in five families, five of which are new alternate hosts for this species in Finland and also elsewhere: Mentzelia lindleyi Torr. & A. Gray, A. incarnata, B. alpina, L. triphylla, and T. majus. Both species of Cronartium infected four alternate hosts, each in its own family. The alternate host range of each Cronartium was wider than expected and wider than that previously described. In local natural forests, Euphrasia , Veronica , and Bartsia (in northern Finland) are potential hosts that are common and may be able to spread these rusts. The recently established ornamental I. glandulifera could provide the means to spread C. flaccidum to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland, and species of Mentzelia may be important for the spread of C. ribicola.

Production of uredinia and telia by stalactiform blister rust in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Do So

Records of uredinia and telia production on the alternate hosts of Cronartium coleosporioides in British Columbia and inoculation of Castilleja miniata with aeciospores collected from various locations showed that rust isolates from dry areas of the interior of British Columbia do not produce uredinia and may have lost the ability to do so. Collections from somewhat wetter areas produced uredinia or mixtures of uredinia and telia immediately following aeciospore inoculations, and field collections from such areas in June commonly had mixtures of uredinia and telia. Loss of the uredinial stage may be a response to climates that are often unsuitable for the spread or survival of the rust on the alternate host. Key words: stalactiform rust, uredinia, telia, rust life cycle.

scholarly journals Studies on the Pollination Characteristics and Pollination Level of Chinese fir Seed Orchard

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhuowen
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Male Cone

Abstract Data from three seed orchards (Chongyang, Zhangle and Laoshan) and Lintian forest were used to study pollination characteristics, pollination level, pollen and ovule production in Chinese fir. The results show that male and female cones have their own distribution patterns within crowns. Male cones are located in the middle to top and female cones the middle to bottom part of the crown. Because of lower density of trees in seed orchard than that in a stand, female cones are distributed over the entire crown in seed orchard trees. Chinese fir male and female cones appear to be very well adapted for wind as the pollination mechanism. There is no difference in the number of pollen grains produced by one pollen sac among trees in the same clone, but there are differences between clones. There are differences between both clones and years in female cone number, male cone number and their ratio. The pollen accumulation rate during pollination should be 3 to 5 pollen grains/mm2 to ensure fertilization. The Chinese fir seed orchards in this study produced too much pollen and could be improved by stimulation of more female flowers in order to produce more seeds.

scholarly journals Foliar Penetration of Picloram and 2,4-D in Aspen and Balsam Poplar

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Added surfactant (Atlox 210) at 1% (v/v) and high relative humidity enhanced the penetration of both 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) into detached leaves of aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The influence of added surfactant was greater for picloram and the dimethylamine of 2,4-D than for the ethyl or butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D. Penetration of picloram and the dimethylamine of 2,4-D occurred more readily from the abaxial than from adaxial surfaces of leaves. The ethyl ester of 2,4-D penetrated equally readily from both leaf surfaces. Penetration of picloram and the dimethylamine of 2,4-D from the adaxial surface of leaves occurred readily in young leaves in early June. There was an increase in penetration in early July followed by a decrease in August and September to a level equal to or less than that in June. Penetration from the abaxial surface of leaves was nearly equal in June and July, but there was a gradual decrease in August and September. An increase in temperature from 10 to 25.5 or to 40.5 C resulted in a sharp increase in penetration of both picloram and 2,4-D under both low and high relative humidity. Autoradiographic evidence showed that movement of picloram within the leaf also was much more extensive at the higher temperatures. Partial removal of cuticular waxes from the adaxial surface of leaves with chloroform resulted in up to four-fold increases in penetration of picloram and 2,4-D. Differences in penetration rate of picloram between leaves of aspen poplar and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) did not account for reported differences in susceptibility between these two species.

Factors affecting pollen dynamics and its importance to pollen contamination: a review

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di-Giovanni ◽  
P. G. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Natural Stands

Pollen contamination causes major losses to genetic improvement from selection and breeding of "plus" trees in conifer seed orchards. Genetic losses arise by the influx of "wild" conspecific pollen into seed orchards and its deleterious fertilization of superior genetic lines. This review firstly addresses the basis of the problem: pollen, conifer reproduction, and the concept of seed orchard management, especially in regard to reduction of contamination. Secondly, the physical processes of pollen liberation, dispersal, and deposition are described, and examples of previous studies illuminating these phenomena given. Thirdly, past research on measuring pollen dispersal in natural stands and seed orchards in discussed in the light of modelling techniques used to predict these types of dispersal pattern. Work on the other facets of contamination measurement, gene-flow studies, are listed. It is concluded that a detailed study that combines both the physical and gene-flow aspects of pollen dispersal should be initiated to compare and contrast the two methods, and that attempts to model pollen contamination should be sought.

Douglas-fir – spruce for the 22nd century? Review of the recent Czech literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Подразски ◽  
Vilem Podrazski ◽  
Матвеев ◽  
Sergey Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Middle Europe ◽  
The Stability

Presented paper summarizes the knowledge concerning the cultivation of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii /Mirb./ Franco), its production as well as its non-production forest functions in the conditions of the Czech Republic/Middle Europe. It analyzes the research outcomes from the point of view of volume and value production in comparison with domestic tree species, from the point of view of the soil effects and effects on the ground vegetation diversity, and from point of view of stability and cultivation in the last period. Main aim is represented by the comparison with the Norway spruce, which can be with advantages replaced by this species, with favourable impact on amount and value of the timber production, on the soil and biodiversity status of the ground vegetation. The Norway spruce is heavily affected and endangered by the coming or supposed climatic changes. Also the stability of forest stands can be supported considerably replacing Norway spruce by Douglas-fir. This species can represent suitable alternative to the Norway spruce in lower and middle altitudes and it can contribute highly to the competitiveness not only of the Czech, but European forestry too, increasing stability and production, decreasing the negative effects of the tree species changes in the past.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document