New alternate hosts for the rusts Cronartium ribicola and Cronartium flaccidum in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Ritva Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
The North ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Tropaeolum Majus ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

We explored the potential of the North European flora and some garden plants growing naturally outside Europe to support a reservoir of pine stem rusts. Live plants and detached leaves of 35 species in 16 families (Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Grossulariaceae, Paeoniaceae, Balsaminaceae, Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Loasaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Acanthaceae, Myricaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Orobanchaceae, Apocynaceae, and Fagaceae) were inoculated in the greenhouse and (or) laboratory with aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. and Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter in 2010. Cronartium flaccidum produced uredinia and (or) telia in 14 species in nine families, 11 of which represent new alternate hosts in Finland and nine also elsewhere (excluding Nemesia versicolor and Tropaeolum majus L.): Euphrasia stricta D. Wof. ex J.F. Lehm., N. versicolor E. Mey. ex Benth., Nemesia strumosa Benth., Verbena × hybrida Voss., Verbena officinalis L., Veronica longifolia L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, T. majus, Loasa triphylla Juss., Asclepias incarnata L., and Bartsia alpina L. Cronartium ribicola formed fruitbodies in nine species and cultivars in five families, five of which are new alternate hosts for this species in Finland and also elsewhere: Mentzelia lindleyi Torr. & A. Gray, A. incarnata, B. alpina, L. triphylla, and T. majus. Both species of Cronartium infected four alternate hosts, each in its own family. The alternate host range of each Cronartium was wider than expected and wider than that previously described. In local natural forests, Euphrasia , Veronica , and Bartsia (in northern Finland) are potential hosts that are common and may be able to spread these rusts. The recently established ornamental I. glandulifera could provide the means to spread C. flaccidum to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland, and species of Mentzelia may be important for the spread of C. ribicola.

Alternate host ranges of Cronartium flaccidum and Cronartium ribicola in northern Europe

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 694-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Ritva Hiltunen ◽  
Berit Samils
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
New Host ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Ribes Spp ◽  
Host Families

Attached and detached leaves of 60 potential host species were inoculated in the greenhouse and laboratory with aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. from six Finnish locations and of Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schw.) Wint. from 20 locations in Finland and Sweden in 2011. Candidate hosts represented 16 plant families: Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Grossulariaceae, Paeoniaceae, Balsaminaceae, Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Loasaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Acanthaceae, Myricaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Orobanchaceae, and Apocynaceae. Inoculations of C. flaccidum produced uredinia after 2 weeks and (or) telia after 4 weeks of incubation on 25 hosts. Inoculation trials identified several new hosts for C. flaccidum in Fennoscandia, namely Impatiens balsamina, Swertia fedtschenkoana, Loasa tricolor, Myrica gale, Verbena canadensis, Saxifraga spp., Paeonia obovata, and Veronica daurica. Myricaceae and Saxifragaceae represent new host families for these rusts. Cronartium ribicola formed uredinia or telia on 10 species: Ribes spp. (7 species/cultivars), Pedicularis palustris subsp. palustris, Bartsia alpina, and Loasa triphylla. Results suggest wider alternate host ranges for both C. flaccidum and C. ribicola than previously recognized. Spores were virulent regardless of their source location, suggesting a lack of host-specificity among Fennoscandian populations of Cronartium.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS GYMNOSPORANGIUM

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (9) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan H. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Host Group ◽  
The North

This study of geographical distribution shows that species of the genus Gymnosporangium are found in the northern hemisphere only and occur most abundantly in the temperate portion. Each of the three major continents contains a distinctive Gymnosporangium flora and, with the exception of three species called the "tricontinental species", species occur naturally in one continent only. The genus contains about 48 species; 33 occur in North America, 15 in Asia and 6 in Europe (including the three tricontinental species in each case). Explanations of the types of geographical distribution of the North American species are given under four categories: (i) species that occupy all potential territory covered by the coincident ranges of their alternate hosts, (ii) species that are confined by the range of their "primary" telial host, (iii) localized species that are confined within a portion of the coincident ranges of their alternate host, and (iv) widely distributed species that are not limited in their range by either alternate host group.

scholarly journals Assessment of the potential of Norway-spruce-seed-orchard associated plants to serve as alternate hosts of Thekopsora areolata

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Tuomas Kauppila ◽  
Jarkko Hantula
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

The alternate host range of cherry-spruce rust is poorly studied although such information could be important in protecting spruce seed orchards from infections. Pathogenicity of cherry-spruce rust, (Fr.) Magnus, was investigated on potential alternate host species in a greenhouse and in a laboratory in Finland. Five common species of Ericaceae, L., L., L., L. and (L.) Spreng, were inoculated in the greenhouse using aeciospores from seven Norway spruce [ (L.) H. Karst.] seed orchards suffering from in 2018. In addition, young detached leaves of spp. and 17 other plant species of ground vegetation from eight Norway spruce seed orchards were inoculated with aeciospores from six seed orchards in the laboratory in 2019. Also, young leaves of L. trees growing within the seed orchards or close to them were inoculated as controls. None of the inoculated leaves of the potential alternate hosts formed uredinia either in the greenhouse or in the laboratory. In contrast, leaves of from the seed orchards were infected by the six spore sources from six seed orchards and produced uredinia. As spores were able to infect only , but not the other tested species belonging to ground flora, it was concluded that disperses only via spp. in Finnish seed orchards.Thekopsora areolataVaccinium myrtillusV. uliginosumV. vitis-idaeaEmpetrum nigrumArctostaphylos uva-ursiPicea abiesT. areolataVacciniumPrunus padusP. padusT. areolataP. padusT. areolataPrunus

scholarly journals Growing and Flowering in a Changing Climate: Effects of Higher Temperatures and Drought Stress on the Bee-Pollinated Species Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Charlotte Descamps ◽  
Najet Boubnan ◽  
Anne-Laure Jacquemart ◽  
Muriel Quinet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Drought and higher temperatures caused by climate change are common stress conditions affecting plant growth and development. The reproductive phase is particularly sensitive to stress, but plants also need to allocate their limited resources to produce floral traits and resources to attract pollinators. We investigated the physiological and floral consequences of abiotic stress during the flowering period of Impatiens glandulifera, a bee-pollinated species. Plants were exposed to three temperatures (21, 24, 27 °C) and two watering regimes (well-watered, water stress) for 3 weeks. Not all parameters measured responded in the same manner to drought and/or heat stress. Drought stress induced leaf senescence, decreasing leaf number by 15–30% depending on growth temperature. Drought also reduced photosynthetic output, while temperature rise affected stomatal conductance. The number of flowers produced dropped 40–90% in response to drought stress, while higher temperatures shortened flower life span. Both stresses affected floral traits, but flower resources diminished in response to higher temperatures, with lower nectar volume and pollen protein content. We conclude that increased temperatures and drought stress, which are becoming more frequent with climate change, can negatively affect flowering, even if plants deploy physiological resistance strategies.

Production of uredinia and telia by stalactiform blister rust in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Do So

Records of uredinia and telia production on the alternate hosts of Cronartium coleosporioides in British Columbia and inoculation of Castilleja miniata with aeciospores collected from various locations showed that rust isolates from dry areas of the interior of British Columbia do not produce uredinia and may have lost the ability to do so. Collections from somewhat wetter areas produced uredinia or mixtures of uredinia and telia immediately following aeciospore inoculations, and field collections from such areas in June commonly had mixtures of uredinia and telia. Loss of the uredinial stage may be a response to climates that are often unsuitable for the spread or survival of the rust on the alternate host. Key words: stalactiform rust, uredinia, telia, rust life cycle.

scholarly journals Distribution, naturalization status, invasion history and plant communities of Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) in Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Alexander Ebel ◽  
Wojciech Adamowski ◽  
Svetlana Mikhailova ◽  
Alla Verkhozina ◽  
Elena Zykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Suburban Forests ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

All available data on the distribution of Impatiens glandulifera Royle in Siberia was analyzed. The species appeared in Siberia as an unpretentious ornamental plant around the middle of the 20th century. Cases of withdrawal from culture have been recorded since the 1970s and 1980s; mass naturalization began at the end of the 20th century. Currently, the species is common in many regions of Siberia, but the most active in the Altai Territory, the Altai Republic, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Irkutsk Regions. It is common in anthropogenic habitats; it can also often be found in suburban forests, ravines, along the banks of water bodies. It shows tolerance to habitat conditions, but is especially active in areas with a close occurrence of groundwater on humus-rich soils. The species richness of I. glandulifera communities is from 10-15 to 40 species. In total, about 100 species of vascular plants were recorded in I. glandulifera communities in Siberia

scholarly journals Sewage Pollution Promotes the Invasion-Related Traits of Impatiens glandulifera in an Oligotrophic Habitat of the Sharr Mountain (Western Balkans)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2814
Author(s):  
Milos Stanojevic ◽  
Maja Trailovic ◽  
Tijana Dubljanin ◽  
Zoran Krivošej ◽  
Miroslav Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Himalayan Balsam ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
Vegetation Species ◽  
Very High ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

An annual plant, Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) is globally widespread and one of Europe’s top invaders. We focused on two questions: does this species indeed not invade the southern areas and does the environment affect some of its key invisibility traits. In an isolated model mountainous valley, we jointly analyzed the soil (21 parameters), the life history traits of the invader (height, stem diameter, aboveground dw), and the resident vegetation (species composition and abundances, Ellenberg indicator values), and supplemented it with local knowledge (semi-structured interviews). Uncontrolled discharge of fecal wastewaters directly into the local dense hydrological network fostered mass infestation of an atypical habitat. The phenotypic plasticity of the measured invasion-related traits was very high in the surveyed early invasion (30–50% invader cover) stages. Different microhabitat conditions consistently correlated with its growth performance. The largest individuals were restricted to the deforested riparian habitats, with extreme soil nutrient enrichment (primarily by P and K) and low-competitive, species-poor resident vegetation. We showed that ecological context can modify invasion-related traits and what could affect a further invasion process. Finally, this species is likely underreported in the wider region; public attitude and loss of traditional ecological knowledge are further management risks.

scholarly journals Strategic expansion of existing forest monitoring plots: a case study using a stratified GIS-based modelling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai Son Le ◽  
Justin Morgenroth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Priority Index ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
The North

Background: Understanding the relationship between sites and the plant species they support is essential for effective vegetation management. Site-species matching requires knowledge of the growth response of a given species to the full range of environmental conditions in potential planting sites. This can be achieved by repeatedly measuring species growth at a comprehensive network of sample plots that cover a range of environmental conditions, including topography, climate, and soil factors. The New Zealand Dryland Forests Initiative has established permanent sample plots (PSPs) of a plantation species, Eucalyptus bosistoana F.Muell., across New Zealand. However, these PSPs do not cover the entire range of environmental conditions available for the species and hence there is a need to expand the network of sites. The aim of this study was to determine optimal locations for new PSPs to provide more unique information to support site-species matching studies for Eucalyptus bosistoana in New Zealand.Methods: A geographic information system (GIS) and stratified random sampling method were used to generate a model to identify optimal locations for E. bosistoana PSP establishment. The variables used in this study included topography, climate, and soil data. Redundancy between the initial set of potential explanatory variables was reduced by a multi-collinearity analysis. The potential habitat for the species was restricted to land with environmental conditions that could support E. bosistoana. All environmental variables were stratified and an initial priority index for each stratum in each variable was calculated. Then a weighted-overlay analysis was conducted to create the final priority index, which was mapped to identify high-priority areas for targeted PSP expansion.Results: The existing PSP network for E. bosistoana generally covers the environmental conditions in low-elevation New Zealand dry lands, which are located alongside the east coast of the South Island, and the southern part of the North Island. The model identified high priority areas for PSP expansion, including several large regions in the North Island, especially in Rangitikei and Taupo Districts.Conclusions: The model successfully allowed identification of areas for a strategic expansion of permanent sample plots for E. bosistoana. Newly identified areas expand upon the topographic, climatic, and soil conditions represented by the existing PSP network. The new area for PSP expansion has potential to provide valuable information for further site-species matching studies. The methodology in this paper has potential to be used for other plot networks of a different species, or even natural forests.

scholarly journals MAPPING OF STRIP FOREST IN ADAMPUR RANGE (HARYANA) A GEO-INFORMATICS APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
K. E. Mothi Kumar ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. Bishnoi ◽  
R. S. Hooda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
The North

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Haryana state is an intensively cultivated state, and deficient in natural forests. One of the mandate of Haryana Forest Department (HFD) is to afforest for maintenance of environmental stability and restoration of ecological balance affected by serious depletion of forests, woodlands and water, and to increase tree cover in the state. National Forest Policy (1988) has set a goal to bring one third of Country’s area under forest and tree cover. Stock and dynamics of Trees Outside Forests (TOF) along with natural forests need to be understood holistically to appreciate the ecosystem services e.g., timber and non-wood products as tangible benefits along with services like carbon, water and weather moderation. The present study has attempted to demonstrate the utility of High Resolution Worldview-II (WV) satellite data (ortho rectified) that offeres immense scope to analyze the strip forests in Hisar district (Haryana, India). The study area Adampur Range (Hisar District) lies between the north latitudes 29&amp;deg;0′52.229″ to 29&amp;deg;25′6.746″ and east longitudes 75&amp;deg;14′0.266″ to 75&amp;deg;45′11.093″ with a total geographical area of about 1092.04<span class="thinspace"></span>sq.<span class="thinspace"></span>km. The adopted methodology involves onscreen digitization of the strip forest areas in the Adampur range (Hisar Distirct). The ToF formation identification and delineation includes the forest land besides roads, river, streams, canals, distributaries and railway lines etc. The shape files were converted into .kml files and overlaid on the Google Earth data for validation. An attempt has been made to compare the area difference between the Haryana Forest Department (HFD) notification details with that of the digitized strip forest lands. It was observed that the surveyed forest area is found to be 1717.37<span class="thinspace"></span>ha. against the notified forest area of 1714.45<span class="thinspace"></span>ha. showing a difference of 2.92<span class="thinspace"></span>ha. approximately in the studied beat boundaries.</p>

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