scholarly journals The effect of lignin content and lignin modification on Norway spruce wood properties and decay resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanni Raiskila
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Lignin Modification ◽  
Spruce Wood

scholarly journals Scots Pine and Norway Spruce Wood Properties at Sites with Different Stand Densities

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benas Šilinskas ◽  
Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė ◽  
Marius Aleinikovas ◽  
Lina Beniušienė ◽  
Jūratė Aleinikovienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Strength Class ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Tree Characteristics

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different stand densities on wood density (WD), global modulus of elasticity (MOE), and bending strength (MOR) in 35-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) stands, representing the hemiboreal forest zone. Materials and Methods: Scots pine and Norway spruce sites, representing different stand densities of 3000–3100; 2000–2100 and 1000–1100 trees per hectare, were chosen. Visually healthy model pine and spruce trees were selected, and diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured for model trees; the competition index was calculated; the MOE and MOR were evaluated by the Standards EN 408:2006 and EN 384:2016, at 12% moisture content; WD and the knot diameter were measured; and the strength class of wood was determined by the Standard EN 338:2009. To predict wood quality characteristics based on stand and tree characteristics, linear regression models were developed. Results and Conclusions: Higher stand density led to a significant change in the main wood properties of both conifer species. The highest mean WD, MOE, and MOR were obtained at the sites with the highest stand density. The MOE and MOR were highly correlated, but relatively weak correlations were found between MOE and MOR with tree DBH and WD. Despite the lower quality of Scots pine wood, the Norway spruce wood from more dense sites corresponded to the strength class of C16, according the strength grading of softwoods. The linear regression models did not perform well in describing the relationship of wood properties with stand and tree characteristics. The models for MOR accounted for the highest variation of 62–65% for both Scots pine and Norway spruce. These relationships can be expected to change with increased stand age or with the inclusion of specific crown parameters.

Susceptibility of pretreated wood sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones to enzymatic hydrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohama Puentes Rodriguez ◽  
Helena Puhakka-Tarvainen ◽  
Ossi Pastinen ◽  
Matti Siika-aho ◽  
Leila Alvila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
The Relationship

The structure of softwoods, which confers resistance to degradation through hydrolysis and decay, currently limits their use for the production of biofuels. However, since wood is very heterogeneous, it is possible that differences in wood properties within and between trees could differentially affect its processability. In this research, heartwood (inner) and sapwood (outer) from Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones were enzymatically hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulases after concentrated acid pretreatment. Wood sections with two particle sizes were compared based on their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis, evaluated by assaying the formation of hydrolysis products and measured as reducing sugar yield (RSY). We also studied the relationship between RSY and the susceptibility to Heterobasidion parviporum wood decay and whether these traits are reflected in wood density and yield. Wood from the outer section produced more RSY with higher glucan but lower lignin content than wood from the inner section. Furthermore, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis was positively correlated with H. parviporum wood decay, while both processes were negatively correlated with wood density. Our results revealed the importance of clonal trials for identifying suitable lignocellulosic biomass when considering wood properties and indicate that potential genotypes for the production of biofuels are not necessarily the most productive.

scholarly journals Influence of the Tree Decay Duration on Mechanical Stability of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jelonek ◽  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
Joanna Kopaczyk ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski ◽  
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Tree Decay

Wood properties have an influence on the safety around the tree itself as well as on actual possibilities of using wood. The article focuses on the wood properties of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in reference to the time since the tree has decayed. The study was conducted among mature tree stands of spruce in Białowieża Forest, where over the last 10 years there has been a weakening of spruce tree stands due to water deficiency which has contributed to the gradation of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). The study focused on spruce wood of living and healthy specimens as well as the wood of standing trees which has decayed between one and five years before the sample was collected. The findings indicate a gradual decrease in wood properties as time passed since the physiological decay of the tree. Significant differences in the decrease of mechanical wood properties have been observed in trees which had been decayed for 3 years and they should be considered life and health hazard for people and animals.

Effects of altitude on tracheid differentiation and lignification of Norway spruce

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gindl ◽  
M Grabner ◽  
R Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ultraviolet Microscopy ◽  
Tracheid Differentiation

The effect of altitude on lignification is important in developing an understanding of what drives natural variation in wood properties. Cambia of two Norway spruce trees, growing at altitudes of 580 and 1260 m a.s.l., were periodically sampled to measure tracheid dimensions and cellular lignin content. The low-elevation tree showed a higher rate of cell division with thicker cell walls and wider growth rings. The maturation phase of tracheids at high elevation was completed by the end of October while low elevation latewood tracheids were still lignifying. As revealed by ultraviolet microscopy, lignin content in single cells, as well as in complete tree-rings, was higher at high elevation. Rank correlation analysis indicated high negative correlation between lignin content of tracheid cell walls and corresponding wall thickness. It is hypothesized that trees growing at higher altitudes compensate for the thinner cell walls with an increased lignin content which helps to maintain mechanical integrity of the xylem.Key words: altitude, lignin, tracheid, wood formation, ultraviolet microscopy.

scholarly journals Targeting hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase for lignin modification in Brachypodium distachyon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Serrani-Yarce ◽  
Luis Escamilla-Trevino ◽  
Jaime Barros ◽  
Lina Gallego-Giraldo ◽  
Yunqiao Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Lignin Modification

Abstract Background Hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) is a central enzyme of the so-called “esters” pathway to monolignols. As originally envisioned, HCT functions twice in this pathway, to form coumaroyl shikimate and then, in the “reverse” direction, to convert caffeoyl shikimate to caffeoyl CoA. The discovery of a caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) that forms caffeic acid directly from caffeoyl shikimate calls into question the need for the reverse HCT reaction in lignin biosynthesis. Loss of function of HCT gives severe growth phenotypes in several dicot plants, but less so in some monocots, questioning whether this enzyme, and therefore the shikimate shunt, plays the same role in both monocots and dicots. The model grass Brachypodium distachyon has two HCT genes, but lacks a classical CSE gene. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the utility of HCT as a target for lignin modification in a species with an “incomplete” shikimate shunt. Results The kinetic properties of recombinant B. distachyon HCTs were compared with those from Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula, and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) for both the forward and reverse reactions. Along with two M. truncatula HCTs, B. distachyon HCT2 had the least kinetically unfavorable reverse HCT reaction, and this enzyme is induced when HCT1 is down-regulated. Down regulation of B. distachyon HCT1, or co-down-regulation of HCT1 and HCT2, by RNA interference led to reduced lignin levels, with only modest changes in lignin composition and molecular weight. Conclusions Down-regulation of HCT1, or co-down-regulation of both HCT genes, in B. distachyon results in less extensive changes in lignin content/composition and cell wall structure than observed following HCT down-regulation in dicots, with little negative impact on biomass yield. Nevertheless, HCT down-regulation leads to significant improvements in biomass saccharification efficiency, making this gene a preferred target for biotechnological improvement of grasses for bioprocessing.

Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Grade Yield

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield

New polyenoic fatty acids in Norway spruce wood

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spruce Wood

Comparison of colonization capacity by asexual spores of Heterobasidion species in Norway spruce wood

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunulf ◽  
J. Rönnberg ◽  
M. Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spruce Wood

Mechanical behaviour of chemically modified Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.): Experimental mechanical studies on spruce wood after methacrylation and in situ polymerization of styrene

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oluyinka Olaniran ◽  
Benjamin Michen ◽  
Diego F. Mora Mendez ◽  
Falk K. Wittel ◽  
Erik Valentine Bachtiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Mechanical Studies

Bioincising of Norway spruce wood using wood inhabiting fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thaler ◽  
B. Lesar ◽  
M. Kariž ◽  
M. Humar
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spruce Wood
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document