Effect of Fluorocarbon Liquid on Surface Tension Properties of Pulmonary Surfactant

CHEST Journal ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome H. Modell ◽  
Frank Gollan ◽  
Samuel T. Giammona ◽  
Donald Parker
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Tension Properties

ACCELERATED PULMONARY SURFACTANT AFTER INTRAUTERINE INFECTION IN THE FETAL RABBIT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Robert V. Kotas
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Rabbit Fetuses ◽  
Pressure Stability

Intrauterine inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into 24-day rabbit fetuses resulted in changes in lung maturation at 27 days comparable to those seen after glucocorticoid injection. The lungs of infected litters had increased low pressure stability and distensibility with decreased surface tension upon compression, and resembled 29- to 30-day control lungs. Although intrauterine infection is found to be harmful to the fetus, it may have a secondary effect of preparing a fetus for premature air breathing.

Surface tension and pulmonary compliance in premature rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mercurio ◽  
J. M. Fiascone ◽  
D. M. Lima ◽  
H. C. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Equilibrium Surface ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Compliance

In vitro surface properties of pulmonary surfactant thought to be essential to its ability to increase pulmonary compliance include minimum surface tension less than 10 dyn/cm and large surface tension variability and hysteresis. We tested four surface-active agents (Tween 20, a detergent; and FC-100, FC-430, and FC-431, industrial fluorocarbons), all lacking these properties, for their ability to increase pulmonary compliance in surfactant-deficient premature rabbits. Fetal rabbits were delivered by cesarean section at 27 days (full term = 31 days) and injected via tracheostomy with 50% lactated Ringer solution, adult rabbit surfactant, or one of the four experimental agents. Dynamic compliance was measured using 1 h of mechanical ventilation followed by alveolar lavage. Each experimental agent produced a dynamic compliance significantly higher than 50% lactated Ringer solution and statistically equal to or greater than natural surfactant. Equilibrium surface tension of the agents and minimum and equilibrium surface tension of the alveolar washes each correlated with compliance (P less than 0.05). This suggests that some surface properties of pulmonary surfactant believed to be essential are not, although surface tension does seem to play a role in pulmonary compliance.

Alterations in the surface properties of lung surfactant in the torpid marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Lopatko ◽  
Sandra Orgeig ◽  
Christopher B. Daniels ◽  
David Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata

Lopatko, Olga V., Sandra Orgeig, Christopher B. Daniels, and David Palmer. Alterations in the surface properties of lung surfactant in the torpid marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 146–156, 1998.—Torpor changes the composition of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the dunnart Sminthopsis crassicaudata [C. Langman, S. Orgeig, and C. B. Daniels. Am. J. Physiol. 271 ( Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 40): R437–R445, 1996]. Here we investigated the surface activity of PS in vitro. Five micrograms of phospholipid per centimeter squared surface area of whole lavage (from mice or from warm-active, 4-, or 8-h torpid dunnarts) were applied dropwise onto the subphase of a Wilhelmy-Langmuir balance at 20°C and stabilized for 20 min. After 4 h of torpor, the adsorption rate increased, and equilibrium surface tension (STeq), minimal surface tension (STmin), and the %area compression required to achieve STmin decreased, compared with the warm-active group. After 8 h of torpor, STmin decreased [from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 4.1 ± 0.3 (SE) mN/m]; %area compression required to achieve STmindecreased (from 43.4 ± 1.0 to 27.4 ± 0.8); the rate of adsorption decreased; and STeqincreased (from 26.3 ± 0.5 to 38.6 ± 1.3 mN/m). ST-area isotherms of warm-active dunnarts and mice at 20°C had a shoulder on compression and a plateau on expansion. These disappeared on the isotherms of torpid dunnarts. Samples of whole lavage (from warm-active and 8-h torpor groups) containing 100 μg phospholipid/ml were studied by using a captive-bubble surfactometer at 37°C. After 8 h of torpor, STmin increased (from 6.4 ± 0.3 to 9.1 ± 0.3 mN/m) and %area compression decreased in the 2nd (from 88.6 ± 1.7 to 82.1 ± 2.0) and 3rd (from 89.1 ± 0.8 to 84.9 ± 1.8) compression-expansion cycles, compared with warm-active dunnarts. ST-area isotherms of warm-active dunnarts at 37°C did not have a shoulder on compression. This shoulder appeared on the isotherms of torpid dunnarts. In conclusion, there is a strong correlation between in vitro changes in surface activity and in vivo changes in lipid composition of PS during torpor, although static lung compliance remained unchanged (see Langman et al. cited above). Surfactant from torpid animals is more active at 20°C and less active at 37°C than that of warm-active animals, which may represent a respiratory adaptation to low body temperatures of torpid dunnarts.

Surface-Tension Properties of Hyaluronic Acid

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 194???199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Knepper ◽  
Steven Covici ◽  
James R. Fadel ◽  
Chandra S. K. Mayanil ◽  
Robert Ritch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Tension Properties

Partially miscible liquid systems: The density, change of volume on mixing, vapor pressure, surface tension, and viscosity in the system: aniline–hexane

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (14) ◽  
pp. 2399-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
S. C. Anand ◽  
Y. Cheng ◽  
H. P. Dzikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Anomalous Viscosity ◽  
Tension Properties ◽  
Liquid Systems

The following properties have been investigated experimentally: density, change of volume on mixing, vapor pressure, surface tension, and viscosity, at temperatures above and below the critical solution temperature. The question at issue is: How does the chemical potential, or any property dependent on chemical potential, change, at constant temperature, over a range of composition, just above the critical solution temperature? In the present case, the vapor pressure and surface tension, properties directly dependent on chemical potential, are constant within the range of experimental accuracy (which, however, may not be sufficient) over a range of concentration. The viscosity is complicated by the occurrence of anomalous viscosity. The change of volume on mixing is negative, and this is usually associated with compound formation. In all other systems investigated by us, except the system triethylamine–water, ΔV is positive. We have shown elsewhere, however, that a very stable chemical compound is formed between water and triethylamine.

Purification and surface tension properties of alkyl sodium sulfosuccinates

1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F Williams ◽  
N.T Woodberry ◽  
J.K Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Tension Properties

The late asthmatic response is linked with increased surface tension and reduced surfactant protein B in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. L755-L765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Haczku ◽  
Elena N. Atochina ◽  
Yaniv Tomer ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Colleen Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Asthmatic Response ◽  
Surfactant Protein B ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Allergen Provocation ◽  
Surfactant Dysfunction

Pulmonary surfactant dysfunction may significantly contribute to small airway obstruction during the asthmatic response, but neither its exact role nor its regulation is clear. Surfactant function and composition was studied in an Aspergillus fumigatus ( Af)-induced late-phase allergic airway response in sensitized BALB/c mice. The peak of Af-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized and challenged mice 24 h after allergen provocation coincided with a significant fall in surface activity of the pulmonary surfactant. The underlying changes included time-dependent elaboration of eotaxin and IL-5 followed by eosinophil influx into the airways. The height of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness was preceded by release of IL-4 and marked reductions in surfactant protein (SP)-B, a hydrophobic surfactant protein responsible for maintaining low surface tension of the lining fluid of distal air spaces. Furthermore, intratracheal administration of IL-4 significantly inhibited SP-B, indicating a regulatory role of this cytokine in the surfactant biophysical changes. Thus surfactant dysfunction induced by an IL-4-driven SP-B deficiency after allergen provocation may be an important part of the late asthmatic airway response.

Effect of increased surface tension and assisted ventilation on 99mTc-DTPA clearance

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Jefferies ◽  
T. Kawano ◽  
S. Mori ◽  
R. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Mean Airway Pressure ◽  
Tension Properties ◽  
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate

Experiments were performed to determine the effects of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillation (HFO) on the clearance of technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA) from lungs with altered surface tension properties. A submicronic aerosol of 99mTc-DTPA was insufflated into the lungs of anesthetized, tracheotomized rabbits before and 1 h after the administration of the aerosolized detergent dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (OT). Rabbits were ventilated by one of four methods: 1) spontaneous breathing; 2) CMV at 12 cmH2O mean airway pressure (MAP); 3) HFO at 12 cmH2O MAP; 4) HFO at 16 cmH2O MAP. Administration of OT resulted in decreased arterial PO2 (PaO2), increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratios, and abnormal lung pressure-volume relationships, compatible with increased surface tension. 99mTc-DTPA clearance was accelerated after OT in all groups. The post-OT rate of clearance (k) was significantly faster (P less than 0.05) in the CMV at 12 cmH2O MAP [k = 7.57 +/- 0.71%/min (SE)] and HFO at 16 cmH2O MAP (k = 6.92 +/- 0.61%/min) groups than in the spontaneously breathing (k = 4.32 +/- 0.55%/min) and HFO at 12 cmH2O MAP (4.68 +/- 0.63%/min) groups. The clearance curves were biexponential in the former two groups. We conclude that pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA is accelerated in high surface tension pulmonary edema, and this effect is enhanced by both conventional ventilation and HFO at high mean airway pressure.

Effects of fixatives on function of pulmonary surfactant

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bachofen ◽  
U. Gerber ◽  
S. Schürch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Minimum Surface ◽  
Natural Surfactant ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Active

The structure of pulmonary surfactant films remains ill defined. Although plausible film fragments have been imaged by electron microscopy, questions about the significance of the findings and even about the true fixability of surfactant films by the usual fixatives glutaraldehyde (GA), osmium tetroxide (OsO4), and uranyl acetate (UA) have not been settled. We exposed functioning natural surfactant films to fixatives within a captive bubble surfactometer and analyzed the effect of fixatives on surfactant function. The capacity of surfactant to reach near-zero minimum surface tension on film compression was barely impaired after exposure to GA or OsO4. Although neither GA nor OsO4 prevented the surfactant from forming a surface active film, GA increased the equilibrium surface tension to above 30 mN/m, and both GA and OsO4 decreased film stability as seen in the slowly rising minimum surface tension from 1 to ∼5 mN/m in 10 min. In contrast, the effect of UA seriously impaired surface activity in that both adsorption and minimum surface tension were substantially increased. In conclusion, the fixatives tested in this study are not suitable to fix, i.e., to solidify, surfactant films. Evidently, however, OsO4 and UA may serve as staining agents.

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