scholarly journals The Biological Effects Of Childhood AdversityThe Deepest Well: Healing The Long-Term Effects Of Childhood Adversity By Nadine Burke HarrisNew York (NY): Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018 272 pp., $27.00

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Long Term Effects

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DONIACH ◽  
D. J. SHALE
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

scholarly journals Longstanding Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis of More Than 20 Years

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 632-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mucosal Folds ◽  
Erosive Change ◽  
Symptomatic Benefit

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an eosinophil-predominant inflammatory process that may be detected in endoscopic gastric or intestinal biopsies. The long-term natural history and effects of EGE treatment are not known. A 44-year-old man with abdominal pain was treated with oral ketotifen and followed for more than 20 years. Ketotifen provided symptomatic benefit, with prompt clinical relapse if the drug was discontinued. However, despite the use of ketotifen, the endoscopic abnormalities persisted and appeared to progress. Gastric body and antral mucosal folds appeared thickened, erythematous and friable, with minimal erosive change. Later, even during long asymptomatic periods suggesting clinical ‘remission’, inflammatory polypoid change, previously described in children with EGE, developed with mucosal ‘pock-marking’ and apparent scarring. Ketotifen treatment does not appear to prohibit or reverse the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa in EGE, although long-term effects of steroids may be avoided. In the future, treatment of EGE may involve monoclonal antibody agents that target the specific biological effects of the eosino-phil, apparently central to this unusual inflammatory process.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Early-Life Stress on Hippocampal Plasticity: Spotlight on Astrocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4999
Author(s):  
Gürsel Çalışkan ◽  
Anke Müller ◽  
Anne Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hippocampal Plasticity ◽  
Local Circuits

Adverse experiences during childhood are among the most prominent risk factors for developing mood and anxiety disorders later in life. Early-life stress interventions have been established as suitable models to study the neurobiological basis of childhood adversity in rodents. Different models such as maternal separation, impaired maternal care and juvenile stress during the postweaning/prepubertal life phase are utilized. Especially within the limbic system, they induce lasting alterations in neuronal circuits, neurotransmitter systems, neuronal architecture and plasticity that are further associated with emotional and cognitive information processing. Recent studies found that astrocytes, a special group of glial cells, have altered functions following early-life stress as well. As part of the tripartite synapse, astrocytes interact with neurons in multiple ways by affecting neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism, by providing gliotransmitters and by providing energy to neurons within local circuits. Thus, astrocytes comprise powerful modulators of neuronal plasticity and are well suited to mediate the long-term effects of early-life stress on neuronal circuits. In this review, we will summarize current findings on altered astrocyte function and hippocampal plasticity following early-life stress. Highlighting studies for astrocyte-related plasticity modulation as well as open questions, we will elucidate the potential of astrocytes as new targets for interventions against stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Histological long-term effects in relevant tissues after 131I contamination of two Wistar rat models

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Meriem Mezaguer-Lekouaghet ◽  
Abdelwahab Badreddine ◽  
Saadia Mameri ◽  
Maamar Souidi ◽  
Ahcène Baz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Thyroid Mass ◽  
Iodine 131

Procedures using iodine-131 (131I) represent about 90% of all therapies in nuclear medicine [1, 2]. It is important to evaluate the long-term biological effects of 131I treatment on non-target organs in order to improve the patient radioprotection. The aim of this work is to use an experimental animal model to contribute to the understanding of some biological effects induced by 131I contamination, and especially histological effects. Two models of Wistar rats with (Tr+) and without thyroid (Tr-) were orally contaminated with iodine and after 8 months they were sacrificed and the histological effects on some relevant tissues such as thyroid, testes, liver and kidneys were been studied. Thyroid tissue analysis revealed that in the case of the Tr+ model compared to their control (Tr+ uncontaminated), 50% of the slides examined had remodeled the thyroid tissue with rare follicles choked by fibrosis and with epithelial changes. However, for Tr- compared to their control, the examined slides reveal the presence of a small, completely atrophied thyroid mass associated with vesicular fibrosis and with detachment of the colloid. For the renal organ, disturbances are observed: inflammation of the presence of tissue fibrosis and glomerular necrosis. For the liver, there is an appearance of inflammatory focus in different degrees around the portals. However, the results of the testes of both models compared to their controls revealed no histological abnormalities. The observed histological effects are correlated with the corresponding absorbed dose received by each organ and calculated using the RODES software [3, 4].

scholarly journals Biological effects of fulvestrant on estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer: short, medium and long‐term effects based on sequential biopsies

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
John F.R. Robertson ◽  
Kwok L. Cheung ◽  
Eleanor Gutteridge ◽  
Ian O. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Positive

scholarly journals Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis: Biological Effects, Clinical Efficacy, and Safety on Glucose Metabolism

Arthritis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Luis Bello ◽  
Mervin Chávez ◽  
Roberto Añez ◽  
Joselyn Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Degenerative Disorder ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder that currently represents one of the main causes of disability within the elderly population and an important presenting complaint overall. The pathophysiologic basis of osteoarthritis entails a complex group of interactions among biochemical and mechanical factors that have been better characterized in light of a recent spike in research on the subject. This has led to an ongoing search for ideal therapeutic management schemes for these patients, where glucosamine is one of the most frequently used alternatives worldwide due to their chondroprotective properties and their long-term effects. Its use in the treatment of osteoarthritis is well established; yet despite being considered effective by many research groups, controversy surrounds their true effectiveness. This situation stems from several methodological aspects which hinder appropriate data analysis and comparison in this context, particularly regarding objectives and target variables. Similar difficulties surround the assessment of the potential ability of glucosamine formulations to alter glucose metabolism. Nevertheless, evidence supporting diabetogenesis by glucosamine remains scarce in humans, and to date, this association should be considered only a theoretical possibility.

Biological effects of stevia, sucralose and sucrose in a citrus-maqui juice in overweight subjets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Zafrilla ◽  
Hedyeh Masoodi ◽  
Cerdá Begoña ◽  
C. Garcia-Viguera ◽  
Débora Villaño Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Added Sugars

Background: In the last few years, there has been emerging interest in substituting added sugars from juices by other sweeteners to make them healthier. But their long-term effects have been...

Childhood adversities and adult depression: basic patterns of association in a US national survey

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
William J. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
History Of

SynopsisThe long-term relationships between various forms of childhood adversity and adult episodes of major depression are explored in a representative household survey of the United States adult (age 25 +) population. Seven of the eight childhood adversities considered are significantly associated with recent (12-month) episodes of depression. These effects are largely indirect consequences of some childhood adversities leading to a life history of depression and prior depression leading to new episodes. Only three of the eight childhood adversities directly affect recent onset or recurrence. The paper closes with a discussion of implications for future research on the long-term effects of childhood adversities.

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