Introduction for the Special Issue: The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Adversity and Trauma

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylene Cloitre ◽  
J. Gayle Beck
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects

Call for Special Issue Papers: COVID “Long Haulers”: Treating Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Audette ◽  
David Groopman ◽  
Mitchell Elkiss
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Early-Life Stress on Hippocampal Plasticity: Spotlight on Astrocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4999
Author(s):  
Gürsel Çalışkan ◽  
Anke Müller ◽  
Anne Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hippocampal Plasticity ◽  
Local Circuits

Adverse experiences during childhood are among the most prominent risk factors for developing mood and anxiety disorders later in life. Early-life stress interventions have been established as suitable models to study the neurobiological basis of childhood adversity in rodents. Different models such as maternal separation, impaired maternal care and juvenile stress during the postweaning/prepubertal life phase are utilized. Especially within the limbic system, they induce lasting alterations in neuronal circuits, neurotransmitter systems, neuronal architecture and plasticity that are further associated with emotional and cognitive information processing. Recent studies found that astrocytes, a special group of glial cells, have altered functions following early-life stress as well. As part of the tripartite synapse, astrocytes interact with neurons in multiple ways by affecting neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism, by providing gliotransmitters and by providing energy to neurons within local circuits. Thus, astrocytes comprise powerful modulators of neuronal plasticity and are well suited to mediate the long-term effects of early-life stress on neuronal circuits. In this review, we will summarize current findings on altered astrocyte function and hippocampal plasticity following early-life stress. Highlighting studies for astrocyte-related plasticity modulation as well as open questions, we will elucidate the potential of astrocytes as new targets for interventions against stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals 9/11 Health Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6383
Author(s):  
James E. Cone ◽  
Albeliz Santiago-Colón ◽  
Roberto Lucchini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World Trade Center Disaster ◽  
Trade Center

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is dedicated to increasing the scientific information available about the long-term effects of exposure to the 2001 World Trade Center disaster [...]

Childhood adversities and adult depression: basic patterns of association in a US national survey

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
William J. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
History Of

SynopsisThe long-term relationships between various forms of childhood adversity and adult episodes of major depression are explored in a representative household survey of the United States adult (age 25 +) population. Seven of the eight childhood adversities considered are significantly associated with recent (12-month) episodes of depression. These effects are largely indirect consequences of some childhood adversities leading to a life history of depression and prior depression leading to new episodes. Only three of the eight childhood adversities directly affect recent onset or recurrence. The paper closes with a discussion of implications for future research on the long-term effects of childhood adversities.

Changes in L2 pronunciation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
John Levis
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Intensive Instruction ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Influential Paper ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
L2 Pronunciation

Abstract This special issue revisits an extraordinarily influential paper for L2 pronunciation research and teaching (Munro & Derwing, 1995) by looking again at the original paper with new eyes and new analyses. The special issue also includes invited papers addressing current approaches based on the three key constructs in Munro and Derwing (1995): Intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness. Papers in the issue include a reconsideration of the Intelligibility and Nativeness principles from Levis (2005), applications of the constructs to L2 Spanish (Nagle & Huensch), a consideration of how everyday L2 use affects comprehensibility (Zielinski & Pryor), long-term effects of intensive instruction (French, Gagné & Collins), influences on listener reaction to L2 speech (Isaacs & Thomson), empirical evidence for the dynamic nature of comprehensibility (Trofimovich et al.), a study on ELF intelligibility and functional load considerations (Thir), the relationship between comprehensibility and social evaluation of speech (Vaughn & Whitty), and one book review.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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