Applications of Advances in Neuroscience to Assessment of Brain Injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Gina Geffen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Normal Individuals

AbstractThe application of neuroscience advances to brain injury is addressed in the context of our studies of the role of the corpus callosum in the interhemispheric transfer of auditory and tactile information. The outcome of these studies, which were conducted over a period of 30 years in normal individuals as well as those with congenital and acquired lesions of the corpus callosum, have since been confirmed and extended by modern brain imaging techniques. These techniques nevertheless continue to rely on the use of sensitive, specific, valid and reliable behavioural testing paradigms.

Role of Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis in Chronic Caspase-3-Cleaved Tau Accumulation and Blood–Brain Barrier Damage in the Corpus Callosum after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Y. Glushakova ◽  
Andriy O. Glushakov ◽  
Cesar V. Borlongan ◽  
Alex B. Valadka ◽  
Ronald L. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Damage

scholarly journals Alexithymia and Somatization in Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn K Paul ◽  
Shawneen R Pazienza ◽  
Warren S Brown
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Abstract Deficient communication between the cerebral hemispheres is one of several prevailing neurobiological explanations for alexithymia and has been strongly supported by research on patients with commissurotomy. We examined self-reported symptoms of alexithymia in adults with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC), a condition characterized by more subtle reductions in interhemispheric transfer than in commissurotomy. 16 adults with AgCC and FSIQ > 80 were compared with 15 age- and IQ-matched neurotypical controls. The AgCC group endorsed greater difficulty identifying and describing feelings and more vague physical symptoms than controls, but similar levels of emotional experience and emotional coping. This finding of impaired emotional interpretation with intact emotional experience is consistent with findings in callosotomy patients, implicating the critical role of the corpus callosum in cognitive dimensions of emotion processing. Further study of alexithymia in AgCC using task-based measures may help clarify the nature of this relationship.

Developmental Changes of Hemisphere Collaboration for Tactile Sequential Information

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hatta ◽  
Kimiye Moriya
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Opposite Hand ◽  
Sequential Information

Developmental change in interhemispheric and intrahemispheric transfer of tactile information was investigated with subjects aged 4, 6, 10 and 20 years. In experiment 1, interhemispheric transfer was examined by 74 subjects in both crossed hand and uncrossed hand conditions. Sequential strikes on three fingertips was given to one hand, and subjects indicated the sequence with the thumb of the same hand, and subjects indicated the sequence with the thumb of the same hand (uncrossed condition) and the opposite hand (crossed condition). The results showed that though 4 and 6-year-old children showed a significant cross-localisation deficit, this disappeared by age of 10. This provided evidence for a developmental improvement in interhemispheric transfer which is consistent with how myelination of the corpus callosum takes place during the first ten years of life. In experiment 2, intrahemispheric and interand intrahemispheric transfer were examined with 77 subjects. Sequential strikes on three fingertips was given to one hand, and subjects indicated the sequence with the thumb of the hand or verbal response. The results were generally similar to those of experiment 1, except that when the task required both interand intrahemispheric communication, 10-year-old children did not reach the level of 20-year-old adults. The results suggest that full synergy of interand intrahemispheric collaboration continues to develop over the second decade of life.

scholarly journals Advances in brain imaging in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628641985972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cortese ◽  
Sara Collorone ◽  
Olga Ciccarelli ◽  
Ahmed T. Toosy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disability Outcome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Brain imaging is increasingly used to support clinicians in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and monitoring its progression. However, the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MS goes far beyond its clinical application. Indeed, advanced imaging techniques have helped to detect different components of MS pathogenesis in vivo, which is now considered a heterogeneous process characterized by widespread damage of the central nervous system, rather than multifocal demyelination of white matter. Recently, MRI biomarkers more sensitive to disease activity than clinical disability outcome measures, have been used to monitor response to anti-inflammatory agents in patients with relapsing–remitting MS. Similarly, MRI markers of neurodegeneration exhibit the potential as primary and secondary outcomes in clinical trials for progressive phenotypes. This review will summarize recent advances in brain neuroimaging in MS from the research setting to clinical applications.

The role of abnormalities in the corpus callosum in social cognition deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye McDonald ◽  
Jacqueline A. Rushby ◽  
Katie I. Dalton ◽  
Samantha K. Allen ◽  
Nicklas Parks
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Corpus Callosum

Contribution of posterior corpus callosum to the interhemispheric transfer of tactile information

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Fabri ◽  
Maria Del Pesce ◽  
Aldo Paggi ◽  
Gabriele Polonara ◽  
Marco Bartolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Tactile Information
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