Brief Report: Performance of Australian Children at One Year of Age on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Version III)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Walker ◽  
Nadia Badawi ◽  
Robert Halliday ◽  
Sharon Laing
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Toddler Development ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bayley Scales

AbstractThis article reports mean scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Version III) for 211 randomly selected healthy term (≥ 37 weeks gestation) Australian infants at one year of age. Mean scores were significantly different from standardised norms in all subscales except fine motor. Australian infants scored higher on cognitive and receptive language (p < .01) and lower on expressive language and gross motor (ps < .01) subscales. These findings raise questions regarding the validity of this test in the Australian population and suggest that the test be re-normed on Australian children for valid interpretation of scores in this cultural context.

scholarly journals Differences in Neurocognitive Abilities in Premature and Full-term Infants at 5 Months of Age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kiselev ◽  
O Lvova ◽  
E Suleymanova
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Toddler Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bayley Scales

It is known that prematurity is a risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most of the studies were dedicated to those children who have reached the preschool and primary school age. However, the impact of prematurity on neurocognitive functions in the early stages of development is not investigated thoroughly. The aim of thisresearch was to reveal the differences in neurocognitive development in premature (24 babies) and gender-matched healthy mature full-term infants (31 participants) at 5 months of age. The gestational age of preterm children was between 29 and 35 weeks. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd Edition) were used to evaluate the neurocognitive abilities in children. The one-way ANOVA has revealedthat premature infants at 5 months of corrected age performed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more poorly than the full-term infants on cognitive scale, receptive language, gross and fine motor. No significant differences (p ≤.05) were found between preterm and full-term children on expressive language. In view of the obtained results, itcan be assumed that the prematurity has specific (not global) negative effect on neurocognitive development at 5 months of age. Keywords: premature infants, neurocognitive development, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd Edition)

C-46 Assessing Global Delays in Corpus Callosum Agenesis: Infants and Toddlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1075
Author(s):  
G Andrews ◽  
K Eddy ◽  
A Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Corpus Callosum Agenesis ◽  
The Average Range

Abstract Objective Corpus callosum agenesis (ACC) is a congenital birth defect in which the corpus callosum fails to fully form (Badaruddin, et al., 2007). The partial or complete absence of a corpus callosum affects specific functioning (Brown, Jeeves, Dietrich, & Burnison, 1999) resulting in behavioral, social, and cognitive difficulties (Badaruddin, et al., 2007). We evaluated the development of infants and toddlers with ACC in cognition, language, and motor functioning. Methods Boys (n = 6) and girls (n = 4) ages 3 to 41 months were assessed utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition, a test designed to assess the developmental functioning in 5 domains: motor, social-emotional, adaptive behavior, cognitive, and language (Bayley, 2006). Volunteers were assessed during ACC conferences. Results Cognitive, language and motor index scores were significantly correlated but not age. Moderate to large effect sizes (Cohens d) were found. Girls had lower Cognitive Index scores and were below average; boys mean score was within the average range. Large effect sizes for receptive and expressive language. Boys scored within the low average range; girls below average for receptive language. For expressive language, girls fell in the borderline range, boys were low average. Gross motor was very low compared to age norms. Girls showed deficits in fine motor skill development; boys within the average range. Conclusions Global developmental deficits and gender differences occurred for infants and toddlers with ACC. Girls show more delays than boys. Outcomes suggest that delays can be measured well before entering school and supports early intervention services.

scholarly journals Mullen Scales of Early Learning Adaptation for Assessment of Indian Children and Application to Tuberculous Meningitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Nimkar ◽  
Suvarna Joshi ◽  
Aarti Kinikar ◽  
Chhaya Valvi ◽  
D Bella Devaleenal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Visual Reception

Abstract Introduction Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) results in significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Associated neurocognitive complications are common but not well characterized. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), a well-established measure for assessment of neurodevelopment, has not yet been adapted for use in India. This study’s goal was to adapt the MSEL for local language and culture to assess neurocognition among children in India, and apply the adapted measure for assessment of children with TBM. Methods Administration of MSEL domains was culturally adapted. Robust translation procedures for instructions took place for three local languages: Marathi, Hindi and Tamil. Multilingual staff compared instructions against the original version for accuracy. The MSEL stimuli and instructions were reviewed by psychologists and pediatricians in India to identify items concerning for cultural bias. Results MSEL stimuli unfamiliar to children in this setting were identified and modified within Visual Reception, Fine-Motor, Receptive Language and Expressive Language Scales. Item category was maintained for adaptations of items visually or linguistically different from those observed in daily life. Adjusted items were administered to six typically developing children to determine modification utility. Two children diagnosed with confirmed TBM (ages 11 and 29 months) were evaluated with the adapted MSEL before receiving study medications. Skills were below age-expectation across visual reception, fine motor and expressive language domains. Conclusions This is the first study to assess children with TBM using the MSEL adapted for use in India. Future studies in larger groups of Indian children are warranted to validate the adapted measure.

Opsoclonus-Ataxia Caused by Childhood Neuroblastoma: Developmental and Neurologic Sequelae

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Wendy G. Mitchell ◽  
Yolanda Davalos-Gonzalez ◽  
Virdette L. Brumm ◽  
Sonia K. Aller ◽  
Elvira Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Ivig Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Abilities

Objective. Opsoclonus-ataxia, also called “dancing eye syndrome,” is a serious neurologic condition that is often a paraneoplastic manifestation of occult neuroblastoma in early childhood. Despite resection of tumor and immunosuppressive therapy, outcome generally includes significant developmental and behavioral sequelae. There is controversy about how treatment alters outcome. The goals of this study were to understand the ongoing neurologic and developmental deficits of children who are treated for opsoclonus-ataxia with associated neuroblastoma; to relate treatment history to outcome; and to quantify objectively the acute changes in motor function, speech, mood, and behavior related to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment. Methods. Patients were children with opsoclonus-ataxia caused by neuroblastoma, regardless of interval since diagnosis. Records were reviewed, and children underwent comprehensive evaluations, including neurologic examination and tests of cognitive and adaptive function, speech and language, and fine and gross motor abilities. Psychiatric interview and questionnaires were used to assess current and previous behavior. In 6 children, a videotaped standardized examination of eye movements was performed. Additional examinations were performed immediately before and 2 to 3 days after treatment with IVIg in 5 children. Results. Seventeen children, ages 1.75 to 12.62 years, were examined. All had a stage I or II neuroblastoma resected 3 months to 11 years previously. None received any other treatment for the tumor. All but 1 had received at least 1 year of either oral corticosteroids or corticotropin (ACTH); 12 had received 1 or more courses of IVIg, 2 g/kg. Three had received other immunosuppressive treatment, including cyclophosphamide. Cognitive development and adaptive behavior were delayed or abnormal in nearly all children. Expressive language was more impaired than receptive language. Speech was impaired, including both intelligibility and overall output. Fine and gross motor abilities were impaired. Increased age was strikingly associated with lower scores in all areas. Behavioral problems early in the course included severe irritability and inconsolability in all; later, oppositional behavior and sleep disorders were reported. Opsoclonus abated in all, but abnormalities in pursuit eye movements were found in all 6 children cooperative with standardized examination. Outcome did not differ in children who were treated with ACTH versus oral steroids. Three children who had received cyclophosphamide fared poorly. Immediate versus delayed treatment was not associated with better outcome. IVIg improved both gross and fine motor and speech function acutely, but we could not confirm long-term benefit of IVIg. Total number of courses of IVIg was not associated with outcome. Conclusions. Opsoclonus-ataxia caused by neuroblastoma causes substantial developmental sequelae that are not adequately prevented by current treatment. The increased deficits in older children raise concern that this represents a progressive encephalopathy rather than a time-limited single insult. Although the study is cross-sectional and neither randomized nor blinded, we were unable to confirm a purported advantage of either ACTH over corticosteroids or of cyclophosphamide. A randomized study is needed but is difficult for this rare condition.

scholarly journals Beyond Stunting: Mechanisms Linking Length to Early Child Development Among Infants in Rural India (P10-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Black ◽  
Doris Yimgang ◽  
Kristen Hurley ◽  
Kimberly Harding ◽  
Silvia Fernandez-Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Visual Reception

Abstract Objectives In low and middle-income countries, early child development (ECD) is associated with stunting, but the association with length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) is understudied. The objective is to examine whether the association with ECD among infants extends beyond stunting to LAZ and whether it is altered by nurturance or inflammation. Methods Sample: 513 infants (mean age 8.6 months, SD 2.2), 20% stunted (LAZ < -2) participated in a randomized controlled trial of micronutrient powder (MNP) in rural India. Following baseline, infants were re-evaluated at 6- and 12-months. LAZ was calculated from measured length, inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) from blood draw; nurturance from home observation (HOME Inventory), and ECD from Mullens Early Learning Scale (visual reception, fine/gross motor and receptive/expressive language). Linear mixed effects models were conducted, accounting for repeated measures and clustering, adjusted for child age, anemia, maternal education, household assets, and intervention. LAZ interactions with CRP and HOME scores were tested. Results LAZ was significantly positively associated with all ECD domains over time. HOME was positively associated with visual reception and expressive language (Table 1). HOME interactions were marginal for fine motor (P = 0.058) and significant for receptive language (P = 0.015). For HOME scores < -1 SD, LAZ was positively related to fine motor and receptive language, for HOME scores >1 SD, LAZ was not related to ECD (Figure 1). CRP was not related to ECD and CRP interaction was not significant. Conclusions The positive association between LAZ and ECD illustrates vulnerability prior to the threshold of stunting. Maternal nurturance is positively associated with multiple domains of infants’ ECD and attenuates relations between LAZ and receptive language and fine motor. Inflammation (measured by CRP) is not associated with ECD. Linear growth within normal and nurturant caregiving are needed to promote ECD. Funding Sources Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, Nutrition International, Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science of the New York Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Use of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, to Assess Developmental Outcome in Infants and Young Children in an Urban Setting in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daynia E. Ballot ◽  
Tanusha Ramdin ◽  
David Rakotsoane ◽  
Faustine Agaba ◽  
Victor A. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toddler Development ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bayley Scales

Background. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III) is a tool developed in a Western setting. Aim. To evaluate the development of a group of inner city children in South Africa with no neonatal risk factors using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III), to determine an appropriate cut-off to define developmental delay, and to establish variation in scores done in the same children before and after one year of age. Methods. Cohort follow-up study. Results. 74 children had at least one Bayley III assessment at a mean age of 19.4 months (95% CI 18.4 to 20.4). The mean composite cognitive score was 92.2 (95% CI 89.4 to 95.0), the mean composite language score was 94.8 (95% CI 92.5 to 97.1), and mean composite motor score was 98.8 (95% CI 96.8 to 101.0). No child had developmental delay using a cut-off score of 70. In paired assessments above and below one year of age, the cognitive score remained unchanged, the language score decreased significantly (p=0.001), and motor score increased significantly (p=0.004) between the two ages. Conclusion. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III) is a suitable tool for assessing development in urban children in southern Africa.

scholarly journals Effects of Fine Motor Development in the Subsequent Expressive and Receptive Language Skills of Children with Special Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
David Karlo I. Equipaje ◽  
Deborah Natalia E. Singson
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Fine Motor Skills

Studies related to developmental psychology have long recognized the importance of motor development but have recently begun to systematically map out its subsequent developmental pathways.  In many international studies, finding evidence on the effects of fine motor skills development on children's language skills with special needs (CSNs) has significantly grown much interest.  Fine motor skills and language skills play a vital role in a child's early development.  Hence, the study describes the level of performance in the fine motor domain, expressive language domain, and receptive language domain of preschool-aged CSNs of a private intervention center in Bacolod City during the school year 2019-2020. Likewise, it explores the existing relationship of the fine motor skills and language skills between the CSN's age and sex before and after participating in a fine motor development program.  Also, it determines the subsequent consequences of the fine motor development program on the expressive language skills and receptive language skills of the CSNs.

scholarly journals Assessment of a neuro-developmental screening tool in children in Bhutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Brian Wong ◽  
Sara Grundy ◽  
Lhab Tshering ◽  
Kinley Tshering ◽  
Farrah J. Mateen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The United States ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Mean

Background: Developmental screening tools are designed to fit the cultural context in which they are utilized, yet often find a wider international audience. This study evaluates the efficacy of one such tool, the Parental Evaluation of Developmental Status: Developmental Milestones (PEDS:DM), developed in the United States and tested in the lower income Asian country of Bhutan. We aimed to test the PEDS:DM instrument to measure neurodevelopmental delay in children in Bhutan. Methods: In total, 96 community-dwelling Bhutanese children (3-7 years old) without diagnosed neurocognitive conditions were recruited from ambulatory clinics in urban Bhutan in 2016 as part of a larger study on retinal imaging and cognitive and growth parameters. Scoring was based on neurocognitive domains (gross and fine motor, receptive and expressive speech, self-help, social-emotional). Rates of failure (meant to indicate delay) within domains were calculated. Results: Modifications of some standard questions were deemed necessary by the study staff to suit the cultural context, such as replacing kickball with football in a question regarding games played with rules to maintain local relevance. In a modified PEDS:DM test with these improvised modifications, the mean percentage of age-appropriate domains failed was 58.8% and the mean percent delay was 12.3% (range 0-41.4%, available in n=83). The highest prevalence of failures was 59.4% for receptive language and 76.3% for expressive language, much higher than the lowest rate of failure seen in self-help (5.4%).  Conclusions: The PEDS:DM requires further modifications and validation studies before it can be reliably implemented to assess developmental delay in children in Bhutan. In this pilot study, the rate of delay as reported by the PEDS:DM would be scored as markedly elevated, especially when compared to available epidemiologic studies in the region.

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