scholarly journals Use of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, to Assess Developmental Outcome in Infants and Young Children in an Urban Setting in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daynia E. Ballot ◽  
Tanusha Ramdin ◽  
David Rakotsoane ◽  
Faustine Agaba ◽  
Victor A. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toddler Development ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bayley Scales

Background. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III) is a tool developed in a Western setting. Aim. To evaluate the development of a group of inner city children in South Africa with no neonatal risk factors using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III), to determine an appropriate cut-off to define developmental delay, and to establish variation in scores done in the same children before and after one year of age. Methods. Cohort follow-up study. Results. 74 children had at least one Bayley III assessment at a mean age of 19.4 months (95% CI 18.4 to 20.4). The mean composite cognitive score was 92.2 (95% CI 89.4 to 95.0), the mean composite language score was 94.8 (95% CI 92.5 to 97.1), and mean composite motor score was 98.8 (95% CI 96.8 to 101.0). No child had developmental delay using a cut-off score of 70. In paired assessments above and below one year of age, the cognitive score remained unchanged, the language score decreased significantly (p=0.001), and motor score increased significantly (p=0.004) between the two ages. Conclusion. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III) is a suitable tool for assessing development in urban children in southern Africa.

The Clinical Use of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kinsella-Ritter ◽  
Frances L. Gibson ◽  
Shirley Wyver
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Toddler Development ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Bayley Scales

AbstractThe Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) is a standardised assessment used to assess the developmental functioning of infants and young children from 1 month to 42 months of age (Bayley, 2006a). The Bayley scales are recognised internationally as one of the most comprehensive developmental assessment instruments (Sattler & Hoge, 2006) used to examine the major facets of a young child's development (Bayley, 2006a). The primary purpose of the Bayley-III is to identify children with developmental delay and to provide information for intervention implementation (Bayley, 2006a). The domains of early development covered increased from two to five including cognition, language, motor, social-emotional and adaptive behaviour with the publication of the third edition (Bayley, 2006a). While the original Bayley scales were predominately used by psychologists, publication of later editions led to accredited use, within the Australian and New Zealand context, by developmental paediatricians, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech pathologists (Bayley, 1969; Bayley 1992; Pearson Clinical and Talent Assessment, 2009). Although the Bayley-III is more comprehensive and a broader range of professionals now use the scales little is known about the clinical application. The current study aimed to explore the use of the Bayley-III in practice and views on the current US norms. An online survey was conducted and the findings revealed that the majority of respondents were interested in Australian local norms; the predominant age range assessed was the 24- to 42-month-old group and the most common clinical group seen and assessed was children presenting with global developmental delay. While the majority of the respondents used the Bayley-III approximately once a month or more, at least one third used it less often. However anticipated use over the next 12 months indicated a notable increase from 30% currently using it once or twice weekly up to 65%.

Effect Of Prednisone On Platelet Function In Patients With Bleeding Disorders

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R McKenna ◽  
F Bachmann ◽  
O Pichairut ◽  
B Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

There is considerable controversy regarding the effect of Prednisone on the hemostatic mechanism of normal people versus patients with bleeding diatheses. We administered Prednisone 15 mg TID to patients with a positive history of a bleeding disorder, and evaluated the bleeding time and other in-vitrc tests of platelet function prior to and between the 5th and 7th day after Prednisone.Eleven patients were admitted into this study over a one year period. All patients had a history of excessive bruising, epistaxis, bleeding after dental extractions, and gastrointestinal or other bleeding in various combinations. Two out of the eleven had template bleeding times of greater than 15 minutes both before and after the Prednisone. These two patients were subsequently proven to have von Willebrand’s disease by the washed platelet ristocetin assay. In the remaining 9 patients, the pre-Prednisone bleeding time was 9.3 ±3.7 minutes (x ± 1 S.D.) whereas the post-Prednisone bleeding time was 5.8 ±3.6 minutes (x ±1 S.D.). These results were significant(td=3.83;df:7;p=0.007).Platelet aggregation in response to exogenous ADP (1 μM, 3 μM) Sigma bovine tendon collagen (1.8 mg/ml F) and epinephrine (5.5 × 104M), platelet retention in a glass bead column or platelet factor 3 availability did not improve or worsen after Prednisone therapy. The mean platelet count of 328,000±94,000 (x ±1 S.D.) was significantly (p=0.05) higher than the mean pre-Prednisone platelet count of 268,000±77,000 (x ±1 S.D.).In conclusion, we have shown that large doses of Prednisone appear to shorten the bleeding time in patients with significant defects in the primary hemostatic mechanism. However the bleeding time improvement is not evident in patients with von Willebrand’s disease.

scholarly journals Electrolyte changes in the neonates receiving phototherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Abhishek Purohit ◽  
Suresh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Neonatal jaundice is the most commonly observed clinical condition of early neonatal period. It remains a common cause of readmission and important cause of concern for the parents and clinicians. Therefore, appropriate management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is of paramount importance. Phototherapy plays a significant role in its management but this modality is not devoid of complications. Authors studied electrolyte changes in the neonates, who received phototherapy.Methods: This perspective hospital based observational study conducted over the period of one year on 90 eligible admitted neonates who received phototherapy as per AAP guideline. Serum bilirubin, sodium, potassium and calcium were determined before and after termination of phototherapy. The first samples were considered as controls and compared with the samples collected after termination of phototherapy.Results: The incidence of LBW babies in this study was 21.9%, while mean birth weight and gestational age was2.76±0.38 kg and 38.34±0.88 weeks respectively. Mean duration of phototherapy was 38.48±09.34 hours. The mean sodium, potassium and calcium level before therapy were 146.6±6.2 mg/dl, 4.7±0.47 mg/dl and 9.4±0.73 mg/dl respectively. Authors found statistically significant changes in the electrolyte’s levels (Na+ 141.3±6.1, K+ 4.2±0.51 and Ca+2 8.4±0.68 respectively), after phototherapy however none of any neonate shown any clinical signs of dyselectolytemia.Conclusions: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at greater risk of dyselectrolytemia especially in preterm babies therefore close clinical and biochemical monitoring is required for the prompt management of any significant electrolyte imbalance.

scholarly journals Prognosis for Recovery of Foot Drop after Transforaminal Endoscopic Decompression of Far Lateral Lumbar 5-Sacral 1 Herniated Disc: Case Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (22.2) ◽  
pp. E97-E103
Author(s):  
Albert Telfeian
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Endoscopic Decompression ◽  
Far Lateral ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Foot drop that results from compression of the exiting L5 nerve as a result of far lateral disc herniation (FLDH) at L5-S1 poses a significant surgical challenge to the minimallyinvasive spine surgeon given the narrow corridor for an extraforaminal approach because of the high iliac crest. Objectives: Here we describe our experience with transforaminal endoscopic decompression for the treatment of foot drop secondary to FLDH at L5-S1. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: This study took place in a single-center, academic hospital. Methods: A technique for the transforaminal endoscopic treatment of foot drop secondary to L5-S1 FLDH is presented in a series of 5 consecutive patients treated over a period of 3 years. Preoperative and postoperative clinical data with 1-year follow-up are presented. Results: A consecutive series of 211 patients who underwent transforaminal endoscopic treatment for lumbar radiculopathy between 2011 and 2014 are presented. Seventy-seven patients had L5- S1 discectomies and 5 of those patients presented with foot drop and FLDH. The mean visual analog scale score for radicular pain improved from an average pain score before surgery of 7.2 to 0.8 one year after surgery, and the mean motor score for anterior tibialis strength improved from an average motor score before surgery of 2.6 to 4.8 one year after surgery. Limitations: Small case series evaluated retrospectively with one year follow-up. Conclusions: Transforaminal endoscopic surgical access to FLDH pathology may be a unique approach to the treatment of foot drop because it allows for neural decompression of disc and foraminal pathology without requiring significant destabilizing bone removal. Key words: E

Misclassification due to age grouping in measures of child development

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Veldhuizen ◽  
Christine Rodriguez ◽  
Terrance J Wade ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Cognitive Subscale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Instrument Accuracy ◽  
Bayley Scales

PurposeScreens for developmental delay generally provide a set of norms for different age groups. Development varies continuously with age, however, and applying a single criterion for an age range will inevitably produce misclassifications. In this report, we estimate the resulting error rate for one example: the cognitive subscale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III).DesignData come from a general population sample of 594 children (305 male) aged 1 month to 42.5 months who received the BSID-III as part of a validation study. We used regression models to estimate the mean and variance of the cognitive subscale as a function of age. We then used these results to generate a dataset of one million simulated participants and compared their status before and after division into age groups. Finally, we applied broader age bands used in two other instruments and explored likely validity limitations when different instruments are compared.ResultsWhen BSID-III age groups are used, 15% of cases are missed and 15% of apparent cases are false positives. Wider age groups produced error rates from 27% to 46%. Comparison of different age groups suggests that sensitivity in validation studies would be limited, under certain assumptions, to 70% or less.ImplicationsThe use of age groups produces a large number of misclassifications. Although affected children will usually be close to the threshold, this may lead to misreferrals. Results may help to explain the poor measured agreement of development screens. Scoring methods that treat child age as continuous would improve instrument accuracy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the economic impact of Rural Enterprise Development Hub Project on maize farmers in Mqanduli, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Terlumun Iortyom ◽  
Sonwabo P. Mazinyo ◽  
Werner Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
P Value ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling

The research analysed the economic impact of Rural Enterprise Development Hub Project (RED Hub Project) on maize farmers. A sample of 200 maize farmers was drawn from a total of 398 beneficiaries of the project using Cochran sample size formula. Convenience sampling was done at the second stage using structured questionnaires which were administered on the beneficiaries of the project from 9 villages in Mqanduli Community. With the use of a ‘before’ and ‘after’ approach the study determined the provision of market for supply of maize produce by benefitting farmers and change in annual income of maize farmers. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. P-value less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The results revealed that there has been a significant positive impact of RED Hub Project on the income of benefitting maize farmers per hectare and per farm. This is represented by 100% provision of market by the project for maize produce, a significant (t-statistics 179.4 and p-value less than 0.05) mean change of 212.47% in income per hectare in the area, a significant (t-statistics 38.4 and p-value less than 0.05) improvement of the mean income of benefitting maize farmers per farm by 264.32% in the area. Therefore, the study recommends sustained purchase of maize produce by the project from its beneficiaries and an extension of purchase from all maize farmers in Mqanduli.

scholarly journals Neuropsychomotor development in children born preterm at 6 and 12 months of corrected gestational age

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Faria de Freitas ◽  
Cynthia Ribeiro do Nascimento Nunes ◽  
Thalyta Magalhães Rodrigues ◽  
Gislene Cristina Valadares ◽  
Fernanda Lima Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the incidence of neuropsychomotor developmental delay at 6 and 12 months of corrected gestational age in children born at 32 gestational weeks or less. Methods: A descriptive and prospective study was carried out at two public maternity hospitals. Between April 2017 and January 2019, we assessed 133 children without any known risk factors for neuropsychomotor developmental delay. The Bayley III scale was used to evaluate cognitive and motor development. The p value of the numerical variables was calculated using the Mann-Whitney test, whereas proportions of categorical variables were compared using the Z-test. Results: The mean maternal age was 26±6.9 years,78.8% were from middle and lower economic classes, and 57.1% of the analyzed children were female. Children presented with a higher incidence of delay at 12 months than at 6 months (10.3 and 2.3% at 12 and 6 months, respectively, for the cognitive score; 22.7 and 12% at 12 and 6 months, respectively, for the composite motor score; and 24.7 and 8.4% at 12 and 6 months, respectively, for the fine motor score). Conclusions: Cognitive and motor developmental delays were significant, with the highest incidence at 12 months. The results of this study encourage further research on this topic, since the exclusion criteria were comprehensive and the delays in neuropsychomotor development were significant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of air pollutants (PM10 and SO2) in the first year of the COVID-19: A city sample from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 041-047
Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study is to evaluate the change of air pollutants in the province of Van compared to the previous year during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Van where is a city in eastern Turkey. PM10 and SO2 values obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network website. The lockdowns imposed in the province of Van within the scope of combating COVID-19 have been recorded by examining the decisions of the Sanitary Board on the Van Governorship's official website. The mean of PM10 measurement values in the period before and after COVID-19 were 40.89±19.6 µg/m3 and 41.3±20.39 µg/m3, respectively. The mean of SO2 measurement values were 17.76±18.48 µg/m3 and 23.49±20.96 µg/m3 before and after COVID-19, respectively. When one year after and before COVID-19 was evaluated, there was no difference in PM10 values in terms of year averages, while SO2 value was found to be increased compared to the previous year. However, when analyzed by months, there were months when PM10 values were found to be increased (March, September and October) and decreased (July, August and November) compared to the previous year.

scholarly journals Comparison of Intravitreal Aflibercept and Ranibizumab for Treatment of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization: One-Year Results—A Retrospective, Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Burak Erden ◽  
Selim Bölükbaşı ◽  
Emine Baş ◽  
Akın Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intravitreal Aflibercept ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Purpose. To compare one-year treatment outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) for treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). Methods. The medical records of a total of 30 eyes diagnosed with mCNV and underwent IVA or IVR treatment for a minimum one-year follow-up were studied retrospectively. All the subjects had an axial length >26 mm and received a 1 + PRN (pro re nata) regimen IVA or IVR. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thicknesses (CMT) on optical coherence tomography were evaluated before and after treatment. Results. There were 12 eyes in IVA group, with a mean age of 60.0 ± 10.2 years. The mean BCVA significantly improved from baseline 1.54 ± 0.76 to 0.85 ± 0.61 and the mean CMT significantly decreased from baseline 384.3 ± 119.1 μm to 305.9 ± 75.4 μm at Month 12 (p:0.024 and p:0.011, respectively). There were 18 eyes in IVR group, with a mean age of 57.4 ± 13.1 years. The mean BCVA improved from baseline 1.14 ± 0.90 to 1.04 ± 0.93 and the mean CMT significantly decreased from baseline 366.5 ± 102.3 μm to 323.6 ± 103.6 μm at Month 12 after IVR (p:0.345 and p:0.011, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in CMT changes in the study period (p:0.178), but IVA resulted in significantly better final visual gain (0.69 versus 0.09; p:0.006). Conclusions. Both IVA and IVR treatment modalities resulted in similar anatomical outcomes but IVA had better visual outcomes in treatment of mCNV.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Gastric Neurostimulation for Diabetic Gastroparesis in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanish Panda ◽  
Philip Mitchell ◽  
Michael Curley ◽  
Michelle Buresi ◽  
Lynn Wilsack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Diabetic Gastroparesis ◽  
Medication Cost ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of gastric neurostimulation therapy for diabetic gastroparesis (GP) in a ‘real-life’ Canadian setting has not been assessed.AIMS: To assess changes in health-related quality of life (QoL), weekly vomiting frequency (WVF), total symptom score (TSS) and health care utilization 12 months before and after gastric neurostimulator implantation in a diabetic GP cohort.METHODS: Medication-refractory diabetic GP patients (n=7, four female, mean age 42 years) were prospectively recruited from 2008 to 2012. QoL scores were self-administered and obtained at baseline, 24 and 48 weeks postimplantion. WVF and TSS were assessed similarly. Health care usage, measured as hospitalization frequency and medication cost, was obtained six and 12 months before and after implant. Changes from baseline to six and 12 months for all outcomes were compared.RESULTS: The mean (± SD) QoL according to EuroQol was significantly better at 24 weeks after the baseline measurement (baseline 29±5, 24 weeks 52±7; P=0.03). The mean improvement in TSS was significantly better at one year postintervention (baseline score 35±5 versus 12 months 27±3; P=0.03). Changes in Short-Form 36 Health Survey and WVF were not significant. Days of GP-related hospitalization were highly variable but decreased from a median of 71 days (range 0 to 227 days) to 29 days (range two to 334 days) one year before and after surgery, respectively (P=0.735). Outpatient medication costs did not decrease to a significant extent.CONCLUSION: Gastric neurostimulation for diabetic GP appeared to show some beneficial palliative effects overall in the present small open-label series, but the effect is highly variable among patients, and placebo effect cannot be ruled out.

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