scholarly journals Towards to understanding the preliminary loss and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus under different treatments in cotton drip- irrigation in northwest Xinjiang

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0249730
Author(s):  
Honghong Ma ◽  
Shenghai Pu ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Xinxiang Niu ◽  
Xianglin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Drip irrigation under plastic mulch is widely used in Xinjiang, Northwest China. It can not only save water, but also reduce nutrient loss and improve fertilizer utilization. However, it is not clear whether the leaching occurs or not, what is the leaching amount? What is the relationship among fertilization, irrigation regimes, loss, cotton absorption, and cotton field under different fertilization and irrigation management under drip irrigation? Studying these issues not only provides reference for the formulation of fertilization and irrigation systems, but also is of great significance for reducing non-point source pollution. A long-term positioning experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2012 in Baotou Lake farm in Korla City, Xinjiang, with drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under different N fertilizer and irrigation amounts. The treatments were designed comprising Control (CK,0 N, 0 P, and 0 K with an irrigation of 480 mm) and the following three other treatments: (1) Conventional fertilize and irrigation (CON, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 0 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 480 mm); (2) Conventional fertilization and Optimizing irrigation (OPT, 357 kg N hm–2, 90 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm); and (3) Optimizing fertilization and irrigation (OPTN, 240 kg N hm–2, 65 kg P hm–2, 62 kg K hm–2, and irrigation of 420 mm). The results found that the leaching would occur in arid area under drip irrigation. The loss of total N, NH4+, P, N and P loss coefficient was higher under conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment while the loss of NO3- was higher under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment. The correlations among N, P absorption by cotton, loss of NH4+ and total phosphorus were quadratic function. The total nitrogen loss and cumulative nitrogen application was lineally correlated. The loss of NO3- and cumulative nitrogen application was exponential. The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by cotton under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was 24.53% and 35.86% higher than that in conventional fertilize and irrigation treatment, respectively. The cotton yield under conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment obtained higher than that in other three treatments. Therefore, the conventional fertilization and optimizing irrigation treatment was the optimal management of water and fertilizer in our study. These results demonstrate that reasonable water, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilize could not only effectively promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, but also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses under drip fertigation and plastic mulching.

Water Consumption Patterns and Crop Coefficient Models for Drip-Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.) with Plastic Mulching in Northeastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjuan Wang ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Yanqun Zhang ◽  
Shihong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Abstract. Our investigations into the water consumption patterns of maize ( L.) grown using surface drip irrigation with and without plastic mulching were based on three consecutive years (2014-2016) of field experiments in a typical area of northeastern China. We evaluated seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and how it was partitioned into soil evaporation (Es) and plant transpiration (Tp) during the season. Development of crop coefficient (Kc) prediction models was based on the growth day (GD) and leaf area index (LAI) of the crop, as well as the growing degree-days of air (GDDair) and soil (GDDsoil). Results showed that plastic mulching significantly reduced Es by 41.6 to 53.5 mm (p < 0.05) compared to not mulching, while it increased Tp by 23.2 to 40.4 mm (p > 0.05) for spring-planted maize. While plastic mulching normally reduced ETc during the crop growth period, the change was not significant (p > 0.05). The three-year mean Kc for the maize growth period declined by 3.0% under plastic mulching. The mean Kc was lower for the plastic mulching treatment than for the non-mulching treatment in both the early and late season, while it was slightly higher at mid-season. The three-year means of mid-season Kc (Kc-mid) under plastic mulching and non-mulching were 1.06 and 1.05 lower, respectively, than the FAO-56 recommended value. In addition, the Kc estimation model based on GDDsoil achieved the best fitting accuracy. We recommend applying this GDDsoil model to mulched drip irrigation of maize in northeastern China to obtain more accurate Kc estimation for optimizing and developing mulched drip irrigation in this region. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Drip irrigation, Maize, Northeastern China, Plastic mulch.

Post-harvest evaluation of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Rubén Guadalupe-Luna ◽  
Evangelina R. De Hernández ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Parameter Values

Sweet peppers (var. Cubanelle) graded for width, length and weight were evaluated after three fertigation treatments (T1 = 150, T2 = 300 and T3 = 500 Kg of N/ha), 500 Kg of N/ha side-dressed (T4), no fertilizer (T5), plastic mulching (P) and no mulching (NP). Nitrogen source was urea. The relationships of average width and average weight versus days after transplanting were sigmoidal. A linear relationship was found between average length versus days after transplanting. More than 50% of peppers were within size classes 1 to 4 ; fewer than 40% were in the size classes 5 to 9. During the growing cycle, mean numbers of peppers and weight per pepper in each size class were not statistically different (P = 0.05) among main treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). In size classes 1 to 9, there were significantly more peppers (P = 0.05) in P plots than in NP plots. Fruit parameter values decreased with successive picking and were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in the 5th picking and were higher in the P plots than in the NP plots (P = 0.05). Fertilization and fertigation resulted in higher values than non-fertilization.

scholarly journals Comparing Overhead versus Drip Irrigation for Production of Three Cultivars of Romaine Lettuce on Biodegradable Plastic Mulch

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Jenny C. Moore ◽  
Brian Leib ◽  
Zachariah R. Hansen ◽  
Annette L. Wszelaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Overhead Irrigation

Growers seeking alternatives to traditional polyethylene plastic mulch may use biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs). However, plasticulture systems typically also use plastic drip tape underneath the mulch, which must be removed from the field and disposed of at the end of the season, making tilling the BDM into the soil more difficult and expensive. A potential solution to this dilemma may be to use other irrigation methods, such as overhead sprinklers, that could be more easily removed from the field and reused from year to year. At Knoxville, TN, in 2019 and 2020, we grew three cultivars of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on BDM with two irrigation systems (overhead sprinklers above the mulch and drip irrigation tape under the mulch) to compare water use, disease, and yield in these two irrigation systems. Water use was higher in overhead vs. drip irrigation in both years; however, the difference in water use was much smaller in 2019 due to higher rainfall amounts during the time period the lettuce was growing in the field (March to May). Disease incidence and severity were very low both years for both irrigation systems. There were no differences in marketable yield (number of heads) between irrigation treatment in 2019. In 2020, marketable yield by number was greater in the drip vs. overhead irrigation treatment. Unmarketable yield in 2019 was due to heads that were too small; in 2020, unmarketability was predominantly due to tipburn in overhead irrigated ‘Jericho’. Overall, marketable lettuce yield did not differ between irrigation treatments in 2019 and was similar for ‘Parris Island Cos’ in 2020. Although quantitative weed counts were not made, observations of weed pressure between rows showed that weed pressure was higher in overhead irrigated compared with drip irrigated subplots. This highlights the need to have a between-row weed management program in place. The results of this study suggest that with attention to cultivar and weed management, overhead irrigation could be a viable alternative to drip irrigation for lettuce production on BDM, especially for early spring lettuce when rainfall is historically more plentiful.

scholarly journals Sound Water and Nitrogen Management Decreases Nitrogen Losses from a Drip-Fertigated Cotton Field in Northwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Honghong Ma ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xinxiang Niu ◽  
Zhenan Hou ◽  
Xingwang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Loss Coefficients

Drip irrigation systems are becoming more and more mature and are now widely used to improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Xinjiang, NW China. However, it is not known if leaching is occurring or not and whether leaching will harm the water environment following N fertilization and drip irrigation. The purpose of our study was to estimate the leaching volumes, nitrogen losses, forms of nitrogen losses, and nitrogen loss coefficients under different N fertilization, P fertilization, K fertilization and irrigation regimes. A long-term field experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2015 in Baotou Lake farm in Korla City, Xinjiang, with drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) being grown under different N fertilizer and irrigation regimes. The treatments were designed comprising 0 N, 0 P, and 0 K with an irrigation of 480 mm as the control(N0P0K0W480) and the following three other treatments: (1) 357 kg N·hm−2, 90 kg P·hm−2, 0 kg K2O hm−2, and irrigation of 480 mm (N357P90K0W480); (2) 357 kg N·hm−2, 90 kg P·hm−2, 62 kg K·hm−2, and irrigation of 420 mm (N357P90K62W420); and (3) 240 kg N·hm−2, 65 kg P·hm−2, 62 kg K·hm−2, and irrigation of 420 mm (N240P65K62W420). The results showed the following: (1) the leaching volume was determined by nitrogen fertilization, phosphorus fertilization, and the irrigation amount. In general, the leaching volume was highest under treatment N357P90K0W480. (2) The nitrogen loss was highest under treatment N357P90K0W480. (3) Nitrate nitrogen (NO3–) was the main form of nitrogen lost, followed by ammonium nitrogen (NH4+). (4) The annual nitrogen loss coefficients followed the order of: N357P90K0W480 > N357P90K62W420 > N240P65K62W420 > N0P0K0W480, with values of 0.85, 0.55, 0.30, and 0, respectively. The leaching volume, nitrogen loss, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and annual nitrogen loss coefficient were lowest under the N240P65K62W420 treatment, except in the N0P0K0W480treatment. These results demonstrate that optimizing the management of water and nitrogen (N240P65K62W420 treatment) can effectively reduce nitrogen losses under drip fertigation and plastic mulching.

scholarly journals Competency of groundwater recharge of irrigated cotton field subjacent to sowing methods, plastic mulch, water productivity, and yield under climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Ahsan Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Kashif Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Abstract Irrigated agriculture is a foremost consumer of water resources to fulfill the demand for food and fiber with an increasing population under climate changes; cotton is no exception. Depleting groundwater recharge and water productivity is critical for the sustainable cotton crop yield peculiarly in the semiarid region. This study investigated the water productivity and cotton yield under six different treatments: three sowing methods, i.e., flat, ridge, and bed planting with and without plastic mulch. Cotton bed planting without mulch showed maximum water productivity (0.24 kg.m−3) and the highest cotton yield (1946 kg.ha−1). Plastic mulching may reduce water productivity and cotton yield. HYDRUS-1D unsaturated flow model was used to access the groundwater recharge for 150 days under six treatments after model performance evaluation. Maximum cumulative recharge was observed 71 cm for the flat sowing method without plastic mulch. CanESM2 was used to predict climate scenarios for RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 for the 2050s and 2080s by statistical downscale modeling (SDSM) using historical data from 1975 to 2005 to access future groundwater recharge flux. Average cumulative recharge flux declined 36.53% in 2050 and 22.91% in 2080 compared to 2017 without plastic mulch. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that a maximum 23.78% reduction in groundwater recharge could influence future climate change. Further study may require to understand the remaining influencing factor of depleting groundwater recharge. Findings highlight the significance of climate change and the cotton sowing method while accessing future groundwater resources in irrigated agriculture.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and growth characteristics of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
Manuel Crespo-Ruiz ◽  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez ◽  
Luis E. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
And Control

In the semiarid southern coast of Puerto Rico at the Fortuna agricultural experiment substation, Juana Díaz, we conducted a study on N, P and K uptake by nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers (cv. Cubanelle) and growth parameters (fresh and dry weight of plant, fresh and dry weight of fruit). The treatments were T1 = 500, T2 = 300 and T3 = 150 kg of N per hectare in 11 applications via drip irrigation, T4 = 500 kg of N/ha banded, T5 = control, replicated four times in a complete randomized split plot design. Nitrogen source was urea. The subplots were used for plastic mulched and nonmulched plots. The relationships between N, P, K and growth parameters versus days after transplanting were determined by the equation Y = A/(B + (C-X)2, a Mitscherlich curve type. These relationships indicated 5 phases of nutrient uptake. Coefficient of determination varied from 0.55 to 0.85 for growth parameters and from 0.70 to 0.99 for nutrient uptake. Nutrient uptake values were significantly higher in the last one-third of the growing cycle. The commercial pepper yield was 46.8, 51.2, 43.1, 31.0 and 20.8 tons/ha with plastic mulching compared with 26.2, 34.6, 27.9, 25.9 and 14.8 tons/ha with no mulching in the T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 plots, respectively. Fertigation with 300 kg/ha of N produced a higher commercial yield compared with fertilization and control at P = 0.05. Plastic mulching increased pepper yield significantly over that with no mulching at P = 0.05.

Water Requirements of Drip-Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.) with Plastic Mulching in Heilongjiang, Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704
Author(s):  
Songjun Han ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Yingduo Yu ◽  
Jiandong Wang ◽  
Yanqun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Plastic Mulching

Abstract. A large area of rainfed maize ( L.) is planned to be replaced by maize under drip irrigation with plastic mulching (MDI) in Heilongjiang, northeast China, through a “water-saving and grain-increasing action” project. However, knowledge is lacking on the water requirements of maize under MDI. On the basis of a locally developed crop coefficient for a site, the spatial and temporal variations in crop water requirement (ETc) and net irrigation requirement (Nir) of maize under MDI in Heilongjiang were evaluated. The average ETc and Nir of maize under MDI in the period from 1960 to 2017 for 29 meteorological stations were 279 to 388 mm and 73 to 198 mm, respectively, which are approximately 10% and 15% lower than the ETc and Nir under conventional surface irrigation (NSI). The differences in ETc and Nir between the two irrigation technologies are significant in the southwestern region, which demonstrates that the intensive planning of MDI in the southwest is justified. The gross irrigation requirement of maize under MDI in an excessive drought year is estimated as 437 million m3 for the project, which is 137 million m3 less than the irrigation requirement using NSI.HighlightsAverage ETc and Nir of maize under MDI are approximately 10% and 15% lower than those under NSI.The differences in ETc and Nir are significant in the southwestern region of Heilongjiang.The estimated gross irrigation requirement of maize under MDI is much less than that under NSI. Keywords: Crop coefficient, Drip irrigation, Maize, Northeastern China, Plastic mulch, Water requirement.

Characteristics of Soil nutrient loss under different rainfall pattern in slope plots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Zhilin Huang ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Lixiong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Loss ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
The Difference

<p>Rainfall intensity and duration directly affect the process of soil nutrient loss. In this paper, long-term, low-intensity rainfall (LL) (58.4mm rainfall, 605min duration) and short-term, high-intensity rainfall (SH) (59.2mm rainfall, 287min duration) were selected to study the pathway for soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss and load differentiation under different rainfall modes by using a slope experiment plot. The results indicated that: (1) The difference between the runoff duration of LL (3410min) and that of SH (410min) was obvious, and the runoff rate was 14.44% and 28.55%, respectively; (2) There were different nutrient concentration distributions. On one hand, the concentration of TN in the surface flow was lower than that in the interflow. The average TN concentration in the surface flow of LL and SH was 13.7 and 16.94 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The average TN concentration in the interflow of LL and SH was 59.25 and 50.89 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. On the other hand, the concentration of TP in the surface flow was higher than that in the interflow. The concentration of TP ranged from 0.42 to 1.44 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> in the surface flow, and from 0.21 to 0.91 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> in the interflow; (3) The interflow is the main pathway of nitrogen loss, while the surface flow is the main pathway of phosphorus loss. The respective TN load of LL and SH runoff was 4.04 and 8.49 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>, of which the contribution rate of the interflow was 88.49% and 85.54%, respectively. Additionally, the respective TP load of LL and SH runoff was 0.11 and 0.33 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>, of which the contribution rate of the surface flow was 65.79% and 70.67%, respectively; (4) The amount of rainfall was almost the same but its intensity was different. High intensity rainfall would cause greater soil nutrient loss. The amount of total nitrogen and phosphorus loss in a sloppy land due to SH rainfall was 2-3 times higher than that due to LL rainfall.</p>

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