scholarly journals Phenotypical antimicrobial resistance data of clinical and non-clinical Escherichia coli from poultry in Germany between 2014 and 2017

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243772
Author(s):  
Octavio Mesa-Varona ◽  
Heike Kaspar ◽  
Mirjam Grobbel ◽  
Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Resistance Data

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat in humans and animals, and antimicrobial usage (AMU) has been identified as a main trigger of AMR. The purpose of this work was to compare data on AMR in clinical and non-clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in German broilers and turkeys between 2014 and 2017. Furthermore, we investigated AMR changes over time and the association of changes in AMU with changes in AMR. Data on clinical and non-clinical isolates together with data on therapy frequency of broilers and turkeys were collected from German monitoring systems. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the explanatory factors (AMU, year and isolate type) and the dependent variable (AMR). In broilers, the analysis showed lower resistance proportions of clinical isolates of E. coli to ampicillin and colistin (ampicillin: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44 (0.3–0.64), p<0.001; colistin: OR and 95% CI = 0.75 (0.73–0.76), p<0.001) but higher proportions for cefotaxime (OR and 95% CI = 4.58 (1.56–15.1), p = 0.007). Resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and tetracycline was less frequent in clinical isolates in turkeys (ampicillin: OR and 95% CI = 0.4 (0.29–0.53), p<0.001; gentamicin: OR and 95% CI = 0.5 (0.26–0.94), p = 0.035; tetracycline: OR and 95% CI = 0.4 (0.29–0.55), p<0.001). The analysis found decreasing associations of AMU with resistance to tetracycline in turkeys and to colistin in broilers. Year was associated with a decrease in resistance to colistin in broilers and to tetracycline in turkeys. Differences in resistance found in this study between clinical and non-clinical isolates might play an important role in resistance prevalence. This study indicated that further data analyses over longer time intervals are required to clarify the differences found between clinical and non-clinical isolates and to assess the long-term effects of changes in AMU on the prevalence of AMR.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of the proline-rich antimicrobial peptide Oncocin112 on the Escherichia coli translation machinery

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (38) ◽  
pp. 13314-13325
Author(s):  
Yanyu Zhu ◽  
James C. Weisshaar ◽  
Mainak Mustafi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bacterial Membranes

Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) are cationic antimicrobial peptides unusual for their ability to penetrate bacterial membranes and kill cells without causing membrane permeabilization. Structural studies show that many such PrAMPs bind deep in the peptide exit channel of the ribosome, near the peptidyl transfer center. Biochemical studies of the particular synthetic PrAMP oncocin112 (Onc112) suggest that on reaching the cytoplasm, the peptide occupies its binding site prior to the transition from initiation to the elongation phase of translation, thus blocking further initiation events. We present a superresolution fluorescence microscopy study of the long-term effects of Onc112 on ribosome, elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu), and DNA spatial distributions and diffusive properties in intact Escherichia coli cells. The new data corroborate earlier mechanistic inferences from studies in vitro. Comparisons with the diffusive behavior induced by the ribosome-binding antibiotics chloramphenicol and kasugamycin show how the specific location of each agent's ribosomal binding site affects the long-term distribution of ribosomal species between 30S and 50S subunits versus 70S polysomes. Analysis of the single-step displacements from ribosome and EF-Tu diffusive trajectories before and after Onc112 treatment suggests that the act of codon testing of noncognate ternary complexes (TCs) at the ribosomal A-site enhances the dissociation rate of such TCs from their L7/L12 tethers. Testing and rejection of noncognate TCs on a sub-ms timescale is essential to enable incorporation of the rare cognate amino acids into the growing peptide chain at a rate of ∼20 aa/s.

The Long-Term Effects of Grief on Marital Intimacy following an Infant's Death

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie N. Gottlieb ◽  
Ariella Lang ◽  
Rhonda Amsel
Keyword(s):  
Home Visit ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Emotional Intimacy ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Marital Intimacy ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
Changes Over Time

This follow-up study examined how marital intimacy changes over time in bereaved couples and how their marriages are affected by the death of their infant. A group of thirty-one bereaved couples who two to four years earlier had lost an infant (> 20 weeks gestation and < 1 year of age) were revisited in their home twenty-four months after the initial home visit. Couples did report a significant drop in sexual intimacy at follow-up compared to before the loss and at the initial home visit. Moreover, wives reported less emotional intimacy overall, than did their husbands. In contrast to wives whose own initial grief responses predicted their feelings about their marriages two years later, intensity of husband's initial grief response did not affect their relationship with their wives but, rather a more powerful predictor was their wives' initial reactions, the early state of their marriage (whether they had considered separating), and whether or not they had warning of the impending death. Finally, there is some evidence that women are affected in part, by their husbands' grief.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis on Antimicrobial Resistance Trends and Prevalence of β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated from Arabian Patients during 2000–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Nasser ◽  
Snehal Palwe ◽  
Ram Naresh Bhargava ◽  
Marc G. J. Feuilloley ◽  
Arun S. Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

The production of diverse and extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and ESKAPE pathogens is a growing threat to clinicians and public health. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of evolving trends of antimicrobial resistance and β-lactamases among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acine to bacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) in the Arabian region. A systematic review was conducted in Medline PubMed on papers published between January 2000 and February 2020 on countries in the Arab region showing different antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. A total of n = 119,144 clinical isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance in 19 Arab countries. Among these clinical isolates, 74,039 belonged to E. coli and ESKAPE pathogen. Distribution of antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens indicated that E. coli (n = 32,038) was the predominant pathogen followed by K. pneumoniae (n = 17,128), P. aeruginosa (n = 11,074), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, n = 4370), A. baumannii (n = 3485) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 1574). There were no reports demonstrating Enterococcus faecium producing β-lactamase. Analyses revealed 19 out of 22 countries reported occurrence of ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase) producing E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. The present study showed significantly increased resistance rates to various antimicrobial agents over the last 20 years; for instance, cephalosporin resistance increased from 37 to 89.5%, fluoroquinolones from 46.8 to 70.3%, aminoglycosides from 40.2 to 64.4%, mono-bactams from 30.6 to 73.6% and carbapenems from 30.5 to 64.4%. An average of 36.9% of the total isolates were reported to have ESBL phenotype during 2000 to 2020. Molecular analyses showed that among ESBLs and Class A and Class D β-lactamases, blaCTX-M and blaOXA have higher prevalence rates of 57% and 52.7%, respectively. Among Class B β-lactamases, few incidences of blaVIM 27.7% and blaNDM 26.3% were encountered in the Arab region. Conclusion: This review highlights a significant increase in resistance to various classes of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and quinolones among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens in the Arab region.

Expression of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes among Escherichia coli clinical isolates from blood and stool samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Ali Rajabi ◽  
Hossein Rajabi-vardanjani ◽  
Kobra Rastiyani ◽  
Mais Emad Ahmed ◽  
Seyede Amene Mirforughi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Stool Samples

Housing Pathways and Stratification: Some Evidence from a British National Survey

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sullivan ◽  
M. J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Housing Pathways ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractFive principles determining movement in the housing market relating to tenure, social class and fertility status were suggested by Payne and Payne (1977) on the basis of a small-scale study in Aberdeen. Analysis of a large-scale nationally-representative survey containing full housing and maternity histories suggests that some of these principles require modification at the national level. For example, movement into and between tenures, although heavily influenced by demographic and socio-economic factors, is not as rigid as the Aberdeen study suggested. The interaction of social class, age at marriage and childbearing patterns is assessed. Finally, changes over time in these relationships and the long-term effects on final family size and tenure are discussed.

scholarly journals Human Health Consequences of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Fetus And Neonate

Daily use of chemicals is an essential part of modern life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the action of hormones and consequently cause adverse effects to humans and wildlife. The number of EDCs has markedly increased over the past 60 years. Humans are constantly exposed to hundreds of EDCs mainly through air, water, and food. Exposure to EDCs (in utero or lifetime) may be a significant component of the environmental origin of several medical conditions. The developing fetus and neonate are more sensitive than adults to perturbation by EDCs. The prenatal damage can cause adverse consequences later in life (developmental origins of adult disease). In many cases, the damage is irreversible. There is also a possibility of transgenerational effects. By interfering with hormonal functions, EDCs can contribute to a variety of dysfunctions and diseases including obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancers. Information on long-term effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to EDCs is relatively limited. EDCs represent a global threat for human health and cause a high cost for the society. Promoting public knowledge and initiating preventive measures will help minimizing the health and economic consequences of EDCs for future generations.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli From Urine Samples of Pregnant Women as an Indicator for Antimicrobial Resistance in the Community: a Field Study From Rural Burkina Faso.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Post ◽  
I. Guiraud ◽  
M. Peeters ◽  
P. Lompo ◽  
S. Ombelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We assessed AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso.Results: Between October 2016 – September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Among 6018 consenting women (median (IQR) age 25 (20 - 30)), 84 (1.4%) were excluded because of symptoms of urinary tract infection and 96 (1.6%) screened positive for antibiotic residues. Significant growth - defined as a monoculture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml – was observed in 202 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among these E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from historical clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (protein and glucose) of antenatal was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Conclusions: The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions.

scholarly journals Virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and plasmid content of Escherichia coli isolated in swine commercial farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Costa ◽  
G. Drescher ◽  
F Maboni ◽  
S.S. Weber ◽  
A. Schrank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates were evaluated. A total of 80 E. coli isolates were evaluated, being 64 from clinical samples (intestinal content and fragments of organs from diarrheic piglets), seven from feces of clinically healthy piglets and sows, and nine environmental samples (five from facilities, two from feed, one from insect, and one from waste). Molecular characterization was performed by PCR detection of fimbriae and toxin genes and plasmid content determination. The isolates were also characterized according to their resistance or sensitivity to the following drugs: ampicillin, trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, amikacine, colistin, norfloxacin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, cefalexin, trimethoprim, neomycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. From 80 E. coli isolates, 53.8% were classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 2.5% were shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and 43.8% showed a non specific pattern and were unclassified. One fecal isolate from non-diarrheic piglet was classified as ETEC by PCR. Clinical isolates showed resistance mainly for tetracycline and trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole. Plasmidial DNA was observed in 70 isolates, being 78.5% of clinical isolates, 8.57% of non-diarrheic feces, and 12.8% of environment.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the potential long-term impact on antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1681-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M Rawson ◽  
Luke S P Moore ◽  
Enrique Castro-Sanchez ◽  
Esmita Charani ◽  
Frances Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has required an unprecedented response to control the spread of the infection and protect the most vulnerable within society. Whilst the pandemic has focused society on the threat of emerging infections and hand hygiene, certain infection control and antimicrobial stewardship policies may have to be relaxed. It is unclear whether the unintended consequences of these changes will have a net-positive or -negative impact on rates of antimicrobial resistance. Whilst the urgent focus must be on controlling this pandemic, sustained efforts to address the longer-term global threat of antimicrobial resistance should not be overlooked.

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