scholarly journals The enactment of physician-authors in Nobel Prize nominations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242498
Author(s):  
Nils Hansson ◽  
Peter M. Nilsson ◽  
Heiner Fangerau ◽  
Jonatan Wistrand
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Gottfried Benn ◽  
Natural Scientists

Several physicians have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature, but so far none of them have received it. Because physicians as women and men of letters have been a major topic of feuilletons, seminars and books for many years, questions arise to what extent medicine was a topic in the proposals for the Nobel Prize and in the Nobel jury evaluations: how were the nominees enacted (or not) as physicians, and why were none of them awarded? Drawing on nomination letters and evaluations by the Nobel committee for literature collected in the archive of the Swedish Academy in Stockholm, this article offers a first overview of nominated physician-author candidates. The focus is on the Austrian historian of medicine Max Neuburger (1868–1955), the German novelist Hans Carossa (1878–1956), and the German poet Gottfried Benn (1886–1956), but it also briefly takes further physician-author nominees into account such as Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965). The article is part of an interdisciplinary medical humanities project that analyses nominations and committee reports for physicians and natural scientists nominated for the Nobel Prize from 1901 to 1970.

Mysteries of Nature

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Natural Scientists

The article examines a group photograph of the Psychiatry and Neurology section of the 66th Meeting of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in Vienna, 24–30 September 1894 which Sigmund Freud attended. The society's origins in Naturphilosophie are indicated and a number of the participants are identified on the photo. They and the events at the conference are related to Sigmund Freud's work at the time and to his gradual abandonment of anatomy and of heredity and degeneration as significant aetiological factors in the neuroses. Philosophical problems, such as how phenomena should be described and how ‘nature’ is conceptualized, are also considered in the light of their implications for Freud's life and thought at that period.

Law in Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Andrew Zangwill
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Scaling Theory ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Solid State Theory ◽  
Van Vleck ◽  
Electrostatic Mechanism ◽  
Visitor Program

A formal request by the theorists produces a stand-alone Solid-State Theory Group at Bell Labs. A summer visitor program leads several visiting theorists to conclude that localization occurred in Feher’s samples due to an electrostatic mechanism suggested by Nevill Mott. Anderson develops a theory for localization where the disorder in the positions of the dopants plays a crucial role. Mott champions Anderson’s theory and the Nobel Committee cites it when Anderson wins a share of the 1977 Nobel Prize with Mott and John Van Vleck. David Thouless re-ignites Anderson’s interest in localization and he leads the Gang of Four to develop a novel scaling theory of localization.

EDITORIAL BOARD TRIBUTE TO THE NOBELS

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-557
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Junior Faculty Member ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Formative Years

The Editor, Advisory Board, and Associate Editors of Macroeconomic Dynamics extend their heartiest congratulations to Finn Kydland and Ed Prescott as the co-recipients of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Economics.Finn has served on the MD advisory board since the journal's founding, and his advice during the journal's formative years has helped make MD the success it is today.Much of the work which the Nobel Committee cited as the basis for awarding the prize to Finn and Ed was done while Ed was a junior faculty member at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (now the Tepper School of Business) at Carnegie Mellon University, and while Finn was earning his doctorate at GSIA. As a result, the Board thought it would be appropriate to include a brief explication of the significance of Finn and Ed's work written by one of Finn's current Ph.D. students at Carnegie Mellon, Espen Henriksen. Espen is currently working to complete his thesis under Finn's supervision.

No Silver Medal for Nobel Prize Contenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Hansson ◽  
Heiner Fangerau ◽  
Annette Tuffs ◽  
Igor J. Polianski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
History Of ◽  
Silver Medal ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carl Koller

Abstract Taking the examples of the pioneers Carl Ludwig Schleich, Carl Koller, and Heinrich Braun, this article provides a first exploratory account of the history of anesthesiology and the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine. Besides the files collected at the Nobel Archive in Sweden, which are presented here for the first time, this article is based on medical literature of the early 20th century. Using Nobel Prize nominations and Nobel committee reports as points of departure, the authors discuss why no anesthesia pioneer has received this coveted trophy. These documents offer a new perspective to explore and to better understand aspects of the history of anesthesiology in the first half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals An appreciation of Ralph Marvin Steinman (1943–2011)

2011 ◽  
Vol 208 (12) ◽  
pp. 2337-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
Physician Scientist

Ralph Steinman, an editor at the Journal of Experimental Medicine since 1978, shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of dendritic cells (DCs) and their role in immunity. Ralph never knew. He died of pancreatic cancer on September 30, 3 days before the Nobel announcement. Unaware of his death at the time of their announcement, the Nobel Committee made the unprecedented decision that his award would stand. Ralph was the consummate physician-scientist to the end. After his diagnosis, he actively participated in his 4.5 years of treatments, creating experimental therapies using his own DCs in conjunction with the therapies devised by his physicians, all the while traveling, lecturing, and most of all pursuing new investigations in his laboratory. For 38 years—from his discovery of DCs to his Nobel Prize—Ralph pioneered the criteria and methods used to identify, isolate, grow, and study DCs. He and his colleagues demonstrated that DCs are initiators of immunity and regulators of tolerance. In his most recent studies, Ralph was harnessing the specialized features of DCs to design improved vaccines. The following synopsis describes some of his seminal discoveries.

scholarly journals Trauma niewidzialności albo dlaczego literatura ukraińska nie ma Nobla?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Short List ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureate

The trauma of invisibility, or why Ukrainian literature has not won the Nobel prize yetThe allegation that the absence of a Nobel Prize laureate among Ukrainian writers means that Ukrainian literature is underdeveloped is unfair and ignorant. This paper points to the reasons for the invisibility of Ukrainian literature in the world. Academic works in postcolonial studies and polysystem theory prove that literature is never isolated from politic, economic and social environments. Ukrainian literature used to develop in in­imical environment; as Russian tsarist and totalitarian authorities oppressed Ukrainian writers, there was no infrastructure that would support Ukrainian literature and promote it abroad. Another issue is Western-centrism of the Swedish Academy. Statistics show that most of the laureates came from the countries of West Europe and the USA. Many times writers from the outlying areas of Europe Russia, Poland, Greece, Switzerland were awarded, but the rest of the world is almost invisible for the Nobel Committee. In conclusion, there is a short list of initiatives that are aimed at raising the profile of Ukraine and its culture in the world.Травма невидимости или почему украинская литература не имеет Нобелевской премииИногда украинской литературе закидают отсталость, чего доказательством служит отсутствие Нобелевской премии по литературе для украинского писателя. В этой статье изъявим причины невидимости украинской литературы в мире. Пользуясь постколониализмом и теорией полисистемы доказываем, что национальная литература никогда не изольована от политической, экономической и социальной среды. Украинская литература развивалась в неблагоприятной обстановке: русская царская и советская страна преследовала представителей украинской культуры. Известно, не было инфраструктуры, какая поддержала бы украинску литературу и выдвинула бы ее в мире. Другим вопросом становится европоцентризм Шведской академии. Статистики доказывают, что найболее лавреатов со стран Западной Европы и США. Иногда награждались писатели с близкой периферии как Россия, Польша, Греция или Швейцария, однако остальные районы мира почти невидимые для Шведской академии. В заключении статьи названы инициативы намерены исправить имидж Украины в мире и выдвинуть ее культуру.

Jaroslav Heyrovský: The story of a mercury drop

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Kvetoslava Stejskalova ◽  
Michael Heyrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
Award Ceremony

''Professor Heyrovský. You are the originator of one of the most important methods of contemporary chemical analysis. Your instrument is extremely simple - just falling droplets of mercury - but you and your collaborators have shown that it can be used for the most diverse purposes ... May I ask you to advance and receive the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this year from the hands of our King'', said professor Arne Ölander, member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, in Czech language to the laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský at the award ceremony in the Stockholm Concert Hall on 10th December 1959. The year of 2020 is the year of 130th anniversary of the birth of prof. Jaroslav Heyrovský, the first Czech recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 61 years since he received his prize in Stockholm (Sweden).

The 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics: A close decision?

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
F. Riess
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Combination Scattering ◽  
Indian Scientist ◽  
Close Decision

Raman scattering (in Russia called combination scattering) was discovered in 1928 by Indian and Russian scientists, at almost the same time. In 1930, the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to the Indian scientist Sir C.V. Raman, F.R.S., while the Russian scientists G.S. Landsberg and L.I. Mandelstam were rejected. The reasons for this are illustrated by analysing the nomination letters for the three scientists, as well as the report of the Nobel Committee for the year 1930.

Nobel Laureate: On James Buchanan's Contributions to Public Economics

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Romer
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Public Economics ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Gradual Transformation ◽  
The Way

The 1986 Nobel Prize in economic science was awarded to James Buchanan. What the Nobel committee recognized in making its award was Buchanan's central role in the gradual transformation of the way economists and political scientists study governments and their relationship to the governed. In this essay, I will focus on Buchanan's contributions to public economics, especially his linking of economic and political concerns. Table 1 lists the 21 works by James Buchanan cited in this essay.

scholarly journals Who is who in cardiovascular research? What a review of Nobel Prize nominations reveals about scientific trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Drobietz ◽  
Adrian Loerbroks ◽  
Nils Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Paediatric Cardiologist ◽  
Willem Einthoven ◽  
Heart Malformation

Abstract Background Since 1901, at least 15 scholars who contributed to cardiovascular research have reveiced a Nobel prize in physiology or medicine. Methods Using the Nobel nomination database (nobelprize.org), which contains 5950 nominations in the accessible period from 1901 to 1953 in physiology or medicine, we listed all international nominees who contributed to cardiovascular research. We subsequently collected nomination letters and jury reports of the prime candidates from the archive of the Nobel Committee in Sweden to identify shortlisted candidates. Results The five most frequently nominated researchers with cardiovascular connections from 1901 to 1953 were, in descending order, the surgeon René Leriche (1879–1955) (FR) with a total of 79 nominations, the physiologist and 1924 Nobel laureate Willem Einthoven (1860–1927) (NL) (31 nominations), the surgeon Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) (US) (29 nominations), the pharmacologist and 1936 Nobel laureate Otto Loewi (1873–1961) (DE, AT, US) (27 nominations) and the paediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig (1898–1986) (US) (24 nominations). The research of these scholars merely hints at the width of topics brought up by nominators ranging from the physiological and pathological basics to the diagnosis and (surgical) interventions of diseases such as heart malformation or hypertension. Conclusion We argue that an analysis of Nobel Prize nominations can reconstruct important scientific trends within cardiovascular research during the first half of the twentieth century.

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