scholarly journals Misinformation and herd behavior in media markets: A cross-national investigation of how tabloids’ attention to misinformation drives broadsheets’ attention to misinformation in political and business journalism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241389
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wilczek
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Press Councils ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
Business Journalism ◽  
Cross National

This study develops and tests a theoretical framework, which draws on herd behavior literature and explains how and under what conditions tabloids’ attention to misinformation drives broadsheets’ attention to misinformation. More specifically, the study analyzes all cases of political and business misinformation in Switzerland and the U.K. between 2002 and 2018, which are selected based on corresponding Swiss and U.K. press councils’ rulings (N = 114). The findings show that during amplifying events (i.e., election campaigns and economic downturns) tabloids allocate more attention to political and business misinformation, which, in turn, drives broadsheets to allocate more attention to the misinformation as well–and especially if the misinformation serves broadsheets’ ideological goals. Moreover, the findings show differences between Swiss and U.K. media markets only in the case of business misinformation and suggest that the attention allocation process depends in particular on the strength of the amplifying event in a media market. Thereby, this study contributes to the understanding of how and under what conditions misinformation spreads in media markets.

scholarly journals Contagious accuracy norm violation in political journalism: A cross-national investigation of how news media publish inaccurate political information

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110320
Author(s):  
Bartosz Wilczek ◽  
Neil Thurman
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Norm Violation ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
Press Councils ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Market

This study introduces social norm theory to mis- and disinformation research and investigates whether, how and under what conditions broadsheets’ accuracy norm violation in political journalism becomes contagious and shifts other news media in a media market towards increasingly violating the accuracy norm in political journalism as well. Accuracy norm violation refers to the publication of inaccurate information. More specifically, the study compares Swiss and UK media markets and analyses Swiss and UK press councils’ rulings between 2000 and 2019 that upheld complaints about accuracy norm violations in political journalism. The findings show that broadsheets increasingly violate the accuracy norm the closer election campaigns approach to election dates. They thereby drive other news media in a media market to increasingly violate the accuracy norm as well. However, this holds only for the UK media market but not for the Swiss media market. Therefore, the findings indicate that the higher expected benefits of accuracy norm violation that exist in media markets characterised by higher competition outweigh the higher expected costs of accuracy norm violation created by stronger press councils’ sanctions, and, thereby, facilitate contagious accuracy norm violation in political journalism during election campaigns.

Brothers or others in arms? Civilian constituencies and rebel fragmentation in civil war

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S Mosinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cross National

Why do united rebel fronts emerge in some insurgencies, while in other insurgencies multiple rebel groups mobilize independently to challenge the state, and often, each other? I develop a diffusion model of rebel fragmentation in which participation in rebellion spreads, completely or incompletely, through networks of civilians and dissidents. Using this theoretical framework I hypothesize that two factors jointly determine whether a rebel movement remains unified or fragments: the rebels’ investment in civilian mobilization, and the overall level of civilian grievances. The theory predicts that widely shared grievances motivate the formation of many small dissident groups willing to challenge the regime. Given the difficulty of collective action between disparate opposition actors, an emerging rebel movement will tend towards fragmentation when popular grievances are high. Yet extremely high civilian grievances can also help rebels activate broad, overlapping civilian social networks that serve to bridge together dissident groups. Mass-mobilizing rebel groups, benefiting from the participation of broad civilian networks, are most likely to forge and maintain a unified rebel front. I test this theory alongside several alternatives drawn from cross-national studies of conflict using regression analysis. The quantitative evidence lends considerable credence to the role of rebel constituencies in preventing or fomenting rebel fragmentation.

scholarly journals A Cross‐national View on the Organisational Perspective of Writing Centre Work: the Writing Centre Exchange Project (WCEP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katrin Girgensohn ◽  
Íde O'Sullivan ◽  
Ann-Marie Eriksson ◽  
Gina Henry
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Cross National

This paper gives insights into research conducted within the Writing Centre Exchange Project (WCEP), a research collaboration among three university writing centres in Sweden, Germany and Ireland, which focuses on organisational perspectives on writing centre work. WCEP rests on the theoretical framework of institutional work. Previous research, conducted in US writing centres, developed a model of institutional work in writing centres that includes specific Strategic Action Fields (SAFs) and collaborative learning as a means to interact with stakeholders. By using this model, WCEP has targeted ongoing institutional work intended to establish and sustain missions, goals and activities in and around writing centres. Drawing on participatory action research, WCEP explores the extent to which the institutional work at the three European writing centres correlates with the model. The main findings show that indeed the same strategic action fields are relevant, but furthermore, different subcategories emerge depending on the local context. This paper explores some of the subcategories that differ and draws conclusions for the institutional work of writing centre directors.

scholarly journals Conceptual Framework on Workplace Deviance Behaviour: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi Narayanan ◽  
Susan E. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Cross National

This article aims to highlight the importance of organizational climate with both destructive and constructive deviance behaviour in different cultural setting with workplace as a common ground. First, we discuss the need for research in workplace deviance especially destructive and constructive deviance behaviour with the review of previous studies from deviance literature. Next, we present the importance of climate and culture with both destructive and constructive deviance by proposing relationship among them with the help of a framework. The presented theoretical framework can be useful for conducting future empirical research. Finally, we present the conclusion and future research in conducting cross-national research with respect to deviance.

scholarly journals Elections in Canada and Russia in 2019: a comparative analysis of cross-national media coverage

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Anna Tsurkan
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
English Language ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
National Media ◽  
Election Coverage ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Cross National

In 2019, Canada and Russia went through election campaigns in their respective countries. While Canada voted at the federal level, Russia held regional and municipal elections, and therefore the scale and outcome of these two campaigns cannot be compared per se. Yet shifting a focus to media coverage, this paper explores Canada-Russia relations at a given moment in time, including the extent to which disinformation took place on either side. The two countries were actively involved in cross-commenting about the situation on the ground. Russian English-language media outlets were visibly more anti-Trudeau in nature in their Canadian election coverage, while Canadian authorities called on their Russiancounterparts to respect freedoms of assembly during pre-election opposition rallies in Moscow. However, in a modern highly interconnected world, where should the border between news reporting/tweeting and an attempt to interfere in elections be located; and how do these efforts advance each country’s interests?

Analyzing Cross-National Management and Organizations: A Theoretical Framework

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Lachman ◽  
Albert Nedd ◽  
Bob Hinings
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cross National

Are Judges Street-Level Bureaucrats? Evidence from French and Canadian Family Courts

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 298-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émilie Biland ◽  
Hélène Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
The Core ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Trial Judges ◽  
Cross National ◽  
General Conditions

Although judges were included in the street-level-bureaucracy (SLB) group by Lipsky (1980), sociolegal scholars have barely used this theoretical framework to study them. This article aims to specify their position with respect to SLB in order to bridge the gap between public administration and sociolegal research. Specifically, using a cross-national ethnography of judicial institutions, it compares family trial judges' practice on the ground in France and Canada. General conditions separate them from the core SLB group: encounters with clients are less direct; discretion is more legitimate. However, French judges are far closer to the SLB group than their Canadian counterparts regarding public encounters and case processing. As such, the accuracy of the SLB framework depends on professional and cultural patterns that combine differently in these two national contexts.

A cross-national study of school students’ perceptions of political messages in two election campaigns

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Ian Rivers ◽  
Daniel J. Carragher ◽  
Jimmy Couzens ◽  
Rachel C. Hechler ◽  
Gia B. Fini
Keyword(s):  
National Study ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
School Students ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Tabloid Journalism

Communication ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Grabe ◽  
Namrata Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
News Media ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Daily Mail ◽  
The Public ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Mainstream Press ◽  
Tabloid Journalism ◽  
Cross National

The term tabloid is often traced back to Alfred Harmsworth, who used the term in 1896 to describe the size of his British newspaper the Daily Mail. Early tabloid newspapers were recognized by their compact size and oversimplified news content, which made them accessible to non-elite readers. Currently, the term tabloid applies to all news media—regardless of platform or trendiness—and refers to stylistic and content dimensions of news messages. Within the tabloid market, however, distinctions are drawn between daily newsstand papers and weekly supermarket publications. While the daily tabloid papers share some elements of the news agenda with the mainstream press (e.g., both cover political stories and election campaigns), the weekly tabloids emphasize scandal, sports, and entertainment (see Sparks and Tulloch 2000, cited under Cross-National Comparative Work). Some of the early research on tabloid journalism was inspired by (and supported) criticism that emerged from high-minded public intellectuals and elite journalists in the late 1800s. Certainly the tabloid was—and perhaps still is in some circles—viewed as a corrupting force that soiled the sacred mission of journalism to inform the public. Indeed, some of the early research echoed this normative stance. Historians were the ones to bring context and nuance to this moral panic, and later on cultural studies scholars made the tabloid a legitimate cultural product, worthy of serious scholarship. Along the way, a few quantitative scholars offered evidence to suggest that tabloids might help—not hinder—informed citizenship. John Langer’s Tabloid Television: Popular Journalism and the “Other News” (Langer 1998, cited under Struggle for Definition) forcefully entangled these research streams in arguing for the relevance of tabloid news as a symbol of cultural values and as an information tool. Key scholarly outlets and the advances (theoretically and methodologically) in this relatively young and somewhat disjointed area of research will be reviewed in this bibliography.

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