Are Judges Street-Level Bureaucrats? Evidence from French and Canadian Family Courts

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 298-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émilie Biland ◽  
Hélène Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
The Core ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Trial Judges ◽  
Cross National ◽  
General Conditions

Although judges were included in the street-level-bureaucracy (SLB) group by Lipsky (1980), sociolegal scholars have barely used this theoretical framework to study them. This article aims to specify their position with respect to SLB in order to bridge the gap between public administration and sociolegal research. Specifically, using a cross-national ethnography of judicial institutions, it compares family trial judges' practice on the ground in France and Canada. General conditions separate them from the core SLB group: encounters with clients are less direct; discretion is more legitimate. However, French judges are far closer to the SLB group than their Canadian counterparts regarding public encounters and case processing. As such, the accuracy of the SLB framework depends on professional and cultural patterns that combine differently in these two national contexts.

Implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 594-614
Author(s):  
Colin Scott
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Core ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Key Questions

This chapter discusses implementation—a key concept in the language of public policy as a field both of practice and of scholarship. The focus here is on the first-level implementation of administrative decisions and actions. The chapter aims to pitch the analysis at a level of generality such that it captures key questions and trends relating to implementation across contemporary public administration within the member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). But the analysis has the potential to illuminate the core functions involved in implementation and the variety in how those functions are executed in terms of levels of government, actors, and modes across any system of government. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the role both of proactive and reactive modes of accountability and oversight in supporting legitimate and effective street level implementation.

Citizenship, Community, and Ethics: Forrest Gump as a Moral Exemplary

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
William D. Richardson ◽  
Ronald L. McNinch
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Ordinary Citizen ◽  
The Core ◽  
Timely Reminder ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

"Forrest Gump" bas been extraordinarily popular with the ordinary citizens and one of the reasons is self-evident: it presents a Jeffersonian confidence in the moral stalwartness of the yeoman citizenry that runs counter to some of the current approaches in ethics. The film celebrates a basic decency and a common sense that are accessible to all. No real or imagined superiority is required for one to partake. The film is not only popular but also populist in its assertion of the primacy of the ordinary citizen within this regime. In a political climate that now finds the tenure of elected officials uncertain and the legitimacy of public administration suspect, the visible portrayal of exemplary citizen virtues may serve as a timely reminder to all that, more so than any other regime, a democratic republic is ultimately and fundamentally dependent on the core values possessed by its citizenry.

scholarly journals Whole community co-production: a full picture behind the successful COVID-19 response in S. Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwon Yeo ◽  
Eun Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine and understand South Korea’s (S. Korea) COVID-19 response operations, a notable case for other countries to emulate, and suggest some practical implications for other countries struggling with coping with the current pandemic. Design/methodology/approach To examine the case, the authors propose a new theoretical framework based on concepts of the whole community approach in the emergency management field and on co-production in public administration studies, and use the theoretical framework to analyze the details of S. Korea’s whole community co-production for COVID-19 response. Findings The findings demonstrate that the successful pandemic response in S. Korea is attributable to a nationwide whole community co-production among multiple actors, including government, various industries, sectors, jurisdictions and even individual citizens, within and across relevant public service and public policy domains. Originality/value This study suggests a new theoretical framework, whole community co-production, which contributes to the conceptual advancement of co-production in the field of public administration and a whole community approach in the field of emergency and crisis management. The framework also suggests practical implications for other countries to integrate whole community coproduction that may transform current response operations to cope with COVID-19.

Brothers or others in arms? Civilian constituencies and rebel fragmentation in civil war

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S Mosinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cross National

Why do united rebel fronts emerge in some insurgencies, while in other insurgencies multiple rebel groups mobilize independently to challenge the state, and often, each other? I develop a diffusion model of rebel fragmentation in which participation in rebellion spreads, completely or incompletely, through networks of civilians and dissidents. Using this theoretical framework I hypothesize that two factors jointly determine whether a rebel movement remains unified or fragments: the rebels’ investment in civilian mobilization, and the overall level of civilian grievances. The theory predicts that widely shared grievances motivate the formation of many small dissident groups willing to challenge the regime. Given the difficulty of collective action between disparate opposition actors, an emerging rebel movement will tend towards fragmentation when popular grievances are high. Yet extremely high civilian grievances can also help rebels activate broad, overlapping civilian social networks that serve to bridge together dissident groups. Mass-mobilizing rebel groups, benefiting from the participation of broad civilian networks, are most likely to forge and maintain a unified rebel front. I test this theory alongside several alternatives drawn from cross-national studies of conflict using regression analysis. The quantitative evidence lends considerable credence to the role of rebel constituencies in preventing or fomenting rebel fragmentation.

scholarly journals A Cross‐national View on the Organisational Perspective of Writing Centre Work: the Writing Centre Exchange Project (WCEP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katrin Girgensohn ◽  
Íde O'Sullivan ◽  
Ann-Marie Eriksson ◽  
Gina Henry
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Cross National

This paper gives insights into research conducted within the Writing Centre Exchange Project (WCEP), a research collaboration among three university writing centres in Sweden, Germany and Ireland, which focuses on organisational perspectives on writing centre work. WCEP rests on the theoretical framework of institutional work. Previous research, conducted in US writing centres, developed a model of institutional work in writing centres that includes specific Strategic Action Fields (SAFs) and collaborative learning as a means to interact with stakeholders. By using this model, WCEP has targeted ongoing institutional work intended to establish and sustain missions, goals and activities in and around writing centres. Drawing on participatory action research, WCEP explores the extent to which the institutional work at the three European writing centres correlates with the model. The main findings show that indeed the same strategic action fields are relevant, but furthermore, different subcategories emerge depending on the local context. This paper explores some of the subcategories that differ and draws conclusions for the institutional work of writing centre directors.

Analogism at Chavín de Huántar

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Nicco La Mattina
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar ◽  
A Site ◽  
Material Record

Approaches to understanding the core beliefs and worldviews of ancient peoples are not superficially facilitated by the archaeological record. Sometimes, pre-Columbian people are described by analogy to presumably similar contemporary people; that is, a theoretical framework applicable to certain modern peoples is applied a priori in the investigation of a site. This chapter argues that at Chavín de Huántar, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism employ these concepts a priori as ways of understanding the material record. Many of the references to shamanism make specific analogies to Amazonian practices and import these ideas to Chavín de Huántar. Furthermore, the chapter authors argue that, if the iconographic and material record at Chavín de Huánta are carefully evaluated, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism will not follow. The authors demonstrate that the analogist ontology formulated by Descola finds a firmer grounding in the iconographic and material record when these are considered together.

The Domestic Implementation of International Women’s Rights Norms

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Peace A. Medie
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
The Creation

The study’s theoretical framework is explicated in this chapter. The chapter draws on the international relations, gender and politics, public administration, and African studies literatures to develop a framework that explains implementation at the national and street levels. It shows that an interplay of external and domestic factors shape implementation but specifies that domestic actors and conditions become more essential at the institutionalization stage. While high international pressure is sufficient for the creation of specialized mechanisms, domestic pressure and conditions become more important at the institutionalization state. Thus, low domestic pressure and unfavorable political and institutional conditions hinder implementation, even when combined with high international pressure.

MoBip Project

2016 ◽  
pp. 493-514
Author(s):  
Hakan Altinpulluk ◽  
Gulsun Eby
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
College Professors ◽  
The Core

This study aims to set forth a framework for how the design and scenarios should be handled, and how mHealth ecosystem and Universal Design principles should be used in the designing of an “interactive augmented reality 3-D pop-up book” that can be viewed on mobile devices. This book, which will pursue the goal of increasing university college professors' awareness about students with bipolar disorder, will be the first mHealth study handled in this scope in the literature. In the background section of the study, the authors first elaborate on the rapid advancement of mobile devices, their proliferation and their reflections on mHealth projects in the healthcare sector. Then the authors include mHealth-related applications that raise awareness, the authors analyze the importance of social awareness about mental health, and finally, the authors get to the core of bipolar disorder and present the current situation. Within the scope of this study, the authors construct a theoretical framework that will assume the guiding role in the completion of an interactive 3-D pop-up book.

scholarly journals Movement undertaken by newly graduated nurses towards the strengthening of their professional autonomy and towards patient autonomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Wey Berti ◽  
Eliana Mara Braga ◽  
Ilda de Godoy ◽  
Wilza Carla Spiri ◽  
Silvia Cristina Mangini Bocchi
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Newly Graduated Nurses

This study involved newly graduated nurses performing in a public hospital and aimed at apprehending how they interpret the reality of their practice as well as their knowledge and experiences; at identifying and problematizing aspects related to the caregiving practice in terms of compliance with the autonomy bioethical framework and at pointing out ways to overcome the problems identified. The strategy adopted for data collection was the focal group and the theoretical framework was based on the Grounded Theory. Two phenomena emerged from the results: 1) Perceiving the fragility of nurse and patient autonomy and 2) Moving towards the strengthening of nurse and patient autonomy. This allowed for the identification of the core category: movement undertaken by newly graduated nurses towards the strengthening of their professional autonomy and towards patient autonomy. Understanding the experience enabled us to expand the knowledge concerning newly graduate nurses' coping, thus favoring our action as nursing professors.

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