scholarly journals Epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for human rabies and animal bites during an outbreak of rabies in Maputo and Matola cities, Mozambique, 2014: Implications for public health interventions for rabies control

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e0005787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristolde Salomão ◽  
Amílcar Nacima ◽  
Lutero Cuamba ◽  
Lorna Gujral ◽  
Olga Amiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Animal Bites

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Enteric Pathogen Detection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Williamson ◽  
Eric P F Chow ◽  
Darren Lee ◽  
Kate Maddaford ◽  
Michelle Sait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Enteric Pathogen ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Group Sex

Abstract Improved knowledge of factors that promote outbreaks of enteric pathogens among men who have sex with men (MSM) could enable targeted public health interventions. We detected enteric pathogens in 57 of 519 (11%) asymptomatic MSM, and we found that enteric pathogen detection was associated with both oroanal sex (rimming) and group sex.

scholarly journals Public health significance of atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Vesna Lazić ◽  
Biljana Mijović ◽  
Miloš Maksimović
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cholesterol Fraction

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Recently, mortality and morbidity from CVD have shown a trend in its occurrence in earlier years, while these diseases have been associated with older age until recently. In developed countries, mortality from diseases caused by atherosclerosis has decreased over the last 50 years. However, such a trend is not reflected in both underdeveloped and developing countries where mortality remains high. Risk factors have been identified and their control can influence the reduction in morbidity and mortality from CVD associated with atherosclerosis. Among these, the so-called variable risk factors are the following: increased concentration of LDL cholesterol fraction (LDL) and/or decreased concentration of HDL cholesterol fraction (HDL), hypertension, cigarette consumption, diabetes mellitus/metabolic syndrome, improper diet, while genetic predisposition is still considered to be an invariable risk factor. In order to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis, the World Health Organization recommends a two-pronged approach that includes public health interventions to reduce population risk factors and medical interventions for individuals at high risk with stricter surveillance of risk factors. Examples of multisectoral public health interventions include increasing taxes on cigarettes and alcohol, followed by a massive campaign to promote physical activities and healthy diet, that is to promote healthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals Applying “Acting Within Contexts” to intervention evaluation and equitable intervention design

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Adam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Access To Health

Abstract With the rise of chronic illness in the last century, notably diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity, public health has worked to identify the causes of these diseases in order to develop effective interventions and improve population health. Research has shown that these chronic diseases are strongly linked to lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking, poor eating habits, and physical inactivity. Based on this knowledge, public health interventions have focused on health information and education programs that target these lifestyle-related risk factors. However, these programs have been found to be ineffective because these lifestyle-related strategies do not take into account the contexts that influence behaviour change. This has been found to be particularly true for vulnerable populations who tend to live in contexts of poverty. We therefore asked: how do contexts of vulnerability influence the way people act in their daily lives? To address this question, findings from a qualitative project led to the development of the “Acting Within Contexts” framework. It is a system of five interrelated components (i.e. agency, resources, capacities, threats, and opportunities), which offers an analytical lens to better understand the influence of vulnerable contexts on how people carry out their daily actions. This presentation will first propose an explanation of the limits of public health interventions that aim to change behaviours. Secondly, based on the two previous presentations, it will present how “Acting Within Contexts” can be used: 1) to develop a better understanding of contexts in which vulnerable populations live, based on how the five components interact in people's lives to either hinder or facilitate their access to health; and 2) to design interventions that will shift the focus away from lifestyle-related risk factors, and rather, towards targeting the five components that make up people's everyday contexts.

scholarly journals VOLUME 30: PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND NUTRITION AS A PREVENTATIVE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
Irene Lenoir-Wijnkoop
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
The Subject

In the wake of the UN Summit on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (1), the subject has become a priority on most health agendas and scientific publications in this area have increased considerably over the past few years. NCDs are a threat, both for the sustainability of public health structures and for the wellbeing of the general population worldwide. Many risk factors have been identified as preventable and the determining role of lifestyle habits, such as physical exercise and food, in the pathogenesis of NCDs is now generally acknowledged.

scholarly journals An analysis of COVID-19 clusters in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Sengupta ◽  
Bhaswati Ganguli ◽  
Sugata SenRoy ◽  
Aditya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Homogeneous Groups

Abstract Background In this study we cluster the districts of India in terms of the spread of COVID-19 and related variables such as population density and the number of specialty hospitals. Simulation using a compartment model is used to provide insight into differences in response to public health interventions. Two case studies of interest from Nizamuddin and Dharavi provide contrasting pictures of the success in curbing spread. Methods A cluster analysis of the worst affected districts in India provides insight about the similarities between them. The effects of public health interventions in flattening the curve in their respective states is studied using the individual contact SEIQHRF model, a stochastic individual compartment model which simulates disease prevalence in the susceptible, infected, recovered and fatal compartments. Results The clustering of hotspot districts provide homogeneous groups that can be discriminated in terms of number of cases and related covariates. The cluster analysis reveal that the distribution of number of COVID-19 hospitals in the districts does not correlate with the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases. From the SEIQHRF model for Nizamuddin we observe in the second phase the number of infected individuals had seen a multitudinous increase in the states where Nizamuddin attendees returned, increasing the risk of the disease spread. However, the simulations reveal that implementing administrative interventions, flatten the curve. In Dharavi, through tracing, tracking, testing and treating, massive breakout of COVID-19 was brought under control. Conclusions The cluster analysis performed on the districts reveal homogeneous groups of districts that can be ranked based on the burden placed on the healthcare system in terms of number of confirmed cases, population density and number of hospitals dedicated to COVID-19 treatment. The study rounds up with two important case studies on Nizamuddin basti and Dharavi to illustrate the growth curve of COVID-19 in two very densely populated regions in India. In the case of Nizamuddin, the study showed that there was a manifold increase in the risk of infection. In contrast it is seen that there was a rapid decline in the number of cases in Dharavi within a span of about one month.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document