scholarly journals Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Enteric Pathogen Detection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Williamson ◽  
Eric P F Chow ◽  
Darren Lee ◽  
Kate Maddaford ◽  
Michelle Sait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Enteric Pathogen ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Group Sex

Abstract Improved knowledge of factors that promote outbreaks of enteric pathogens among men who have sex with men (MSM) could enable targeted public health interventions. We detected enteric pathogens in 57 of 519 (11%) asymptomatic MSM, and we found that enteric pathogen detection was associated with both oroanal sex (rimming) and group sex.

Syphilis epidemiology and public health interventions in Western Australia from 1991 to 2009

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie S. H. Kwan ◽  
Carolien M. Giele ◽  
Heath S. Greville ◽  
Carole A. Reeve ◽  
P. Heather Lyttle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To describe the epidemiology of congenital and infectious syphilis during 1991–2009, examine the impact of public health interventions and discuss the feasibility of syphilis elimination among Aboriginal people in Western Australia (WA). Methods: WA congenital and infectious syphilis notification data in 1991–2009 and national infectious syphilis notification data in 2005–2009 were analysed by Aboriginality, region of residence, and demographic and behavioural characteristics. Syphilis public health interventions in WA from 1991–2009 were also reviewed. Results: During 1991–2009, there were six notifications of congenital syphilis (50% Aboriginal) and 1441 infectious syphilis notifications (61% Aboriginal). During 1991–2005, 88% of notifications were Aboriginal, with several outbreaks identified in remote WA. During 2006–2009, 62% of notifications were non-Aboriginal, with an outbreak in metropolitan men who have sex with men. The Aboriginal : non-Aboriginal rate ratio decreased from 173 : 1 (1991–2005) to 15 : 1 (2006–2009). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that although the epidemiology of syphilis in WA has changed over time, the infection has remained endemic among Aboriginal people in non-metropolitan areas. Given the continued public health interventions targeted at this population, the limited success in eliminating syphilis in the United States and the unique geographical and socioeconomic features of WA, the elimination of syphilis seems unlikely in this state.

scholarly journals Syphilis: a fresh look at an old foe

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klausner ◽  
Christopher Kit Fairley ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

Syphilis remains a pressing public health problem globally across different populations including men who have sex with men and pregnant women. It is timely to review what international surveillance data tell us and the evidence behind public health interventions aimed at controlling syphilis. A reinvigorated response to the re-emergence of syphilis is required.

scholarly journals Public health significance of atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Vesna Lazić ◽  
Biljana Mijović ◽  
Miloš Maksimović
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cholesterol Fraction

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Recently, mortality and morbidity from CVD have shown a trend in its occurrence in earlier years, while these diseases have been associated with older age until recently. In developed countries, mortality from diseases caused by atherosclerosis has decreased over the last 50 years. However, such a trend is not reflected in both underdeveloped and developing countries where mortality remains high. Risk factors have been identified and their control can influence the reduction in morbidity and mortality from CVD associated with atherosclerosis. Among these, the so-called variable risk factors are the following: increased concentration of LDL cholesterol fraction (LDL) and/or decreased concentration of HDL cholesterol fraction (HDL), hypertension, cigarette consumption, diabetes mellitus/metabolic syndrome, improper diet, while genetic predisposition is still considered to be an invariable risk factor. In order to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis, the World Health Organization recommends a two-pronged approach that includes public health interventions to reduce population risk factors and medical interventions for individuals at high risk with stricter surveillance of risk factors. Examples of multisectoral public health interventions include increasing taxes on cigarettes and alcohol, followed by a massive campaign to promote physical activities and healthy diet, that is to promote healthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals Applying “Acting Within Contexts” to intervention evaluation and equitable intervention design

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Adam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Access To Health

Abstract With the rise of chronic illness in the last century, notably diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity, public health has worked to identify the causes of these diseases in order to develop effective interventions and improve population health. Research has shown that these chronic diseases are strongly linked to lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking, poor eating habits, and physical inactivity. Based on this knowledge, public health interventions have focused on health information and education programs that target these lifestyle-related risk factors. However, these programs have been found to be ineffective because these lifestyle-related strategies do not take into account the contexts that influence behaviour change. This has been found to be particularly true for vulnerable populations who tend to live in contexts of poverty. We therefore asked: how do contexts of vulnerability influence the way people act in their daily lives? To address this question, findings from a qualitative project led to the development of the “Acting Within Contexts” framework. It is a system of five interrelated components (i.e. agency, resources, capacities, threats, and opportunities), which offers an analytical lens to better understand the influence of vulnerable contexts on how people carry out their daily actions. This presentation will first propose an explanation of the limits of public health interventions that aim to change behaviours. Secondly, based on the two previous presentations, it will present how “Acting Within Contexts” can be used: 1) to develop a better understanding of contexts in which vulnerable populations live, based on how the five components interact in people's lives to either hinder or facilitate their access to health; and 2) to design interventions that will shift the focus away from lifestyle-related risk factors, and rather, towards targeting the five components that make up people's everyday contexts.

scholarly journals VOLUME 30: PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND NUTRITION AS A PREVENTATIVE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
Irene Lenoir-Wijnkoop
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
The Subject

In the wake of the UN Summit on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (1), the subject has become a priority on most health agendas and scientific publications in this area have increased considerably over the past few years. NCDs are a threat, both for the sustainability of public health structures and for the wellbeing of the general population worldwide. Many risk factors have been identified as preventable and the determining role of lifestyle habits, such as physical exercise and food, in the pathogenesis of NCDs is now generally acknowledged.

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