scholarly journals Peroxiredoxin alleviates the fitness costs of imidacloprid resistance in an insect pest of rice

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e3001190
Author(s):  
Rui Pang ◽  
Ke Xing ◽  
Longyu Yuan ◽  
Zhikun Liang ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Cost

Chemical insecticides have been heavily employed as the most effective measure for control of agricultural and medical pests, but evolution of resistance by pests threatens the sustainability of this approach. Resistance-conferring mutations sometimes impose fitness costs, which may drive subsequent evolution of compensatory modifier mutations alleviating the costs of resistance. However, how modifier mutations evolve and function to overcome the fitness cost of resistance still remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of P450s not only confers imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most voracious pest of rice, but also leads to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through metabolism of imidacloprid and host plant compounds. The inevitable production of ROS incurs a fitness cost to the pest, which drives the increase or fixation of the compensatory modifier allele T65549 within the promoter region of N. lugens peroxiredoxin (NlPrx) in the pest populations. T65549 allele in turn upregulates the expression of NlPrx and thus increases resistant individuals’ ability to clear the cost-incurring ROS of any source. The frequent involvement of P450s in insecticide resistance and their capacity to produce ROS while metabolizing their substrates suggest that peroxiredoxin or other ROS-scavenging genes may be among the common modifier genes for alleviating the fitness cost of insecticide resistance.

scholarly journals Resistensi Wereng Batang Cokelat Padi, Nilaparvata lugens Stål terhadap Insektisida di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Insecticide Resistance Management ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Inheritance ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

<p>The rice<br />brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a<br />major insect pest of rice and their infestations occur every<br />year in several locations in Indonesia. The use of<br />insecticides often fails to control the BPH so their<br />populations are still high that cause rice crops show<br />hopperburn and the farmer loses the yields. The<br />development of insecticide resistant in BPH population is<br />one of the factors to contribute to the failure of insecticides<br />control. We have detected the development of field<br />population BPH resistance to BPMC, carbofuran, MIPC, and<br />imidacloprid, but we do not know yet the development of<br />resistance to other insecticides to control BPH in Indonesia.<br />This paper will review several cases on BPH resistance to<br />insecticides in Indonesia and other countries that include<br />aspects of the development of resistance in the field and in<br />the laboratory, the mechanism of resistance, inheritance of<br />resistance, genomics of resistance, and resistance<br />management. A policy and further study is also suggested for<br />insecticide resistance management in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Fitness Costs of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance Related to the SeNPF Overexpression in the Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5027
Author(s):  
Changwei Gong ◽  
Xinge Yao ◽  
Qunfang Yang ◽  
Xuegui Wang ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Mating Response ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodopteraexigua, a multifeeding insect pest, has developed a high level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole, which is a benzoylurea insecticide that targets the ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Herein, the resistant strain (SE-Sel) and sensitive strain (SE-Sus) were obtained by bidirectional screening for six generations. The potential oviposited eggs and oviposition rate of the SE-Sel strain were dramatically lower than those of the SE-Sus strain; on the contrary, the weights of prepupae and preadult were significantly increased. As a post-mating response, the higher number of non-oviposited eggs in the SE-Sel strain was caused by a lower mating rate. In addition, the expression levels of vitellogenin (SeVg) and its receptor (SeVgR) in the SE-Sel strain were consistently lower than those in the SE-Sus strain. An RyRI4743M mutation, contributing to the resistance to chlorantraniliprole, was located in the S3 transmembrane segments and might have affected the release of calcium ions; it led to the upregulated expression of the neuropeptide SeNPF and its receptor SeNPFR, and the mating and oviposition rate were significantly recovered when the SeNPF was knocked down though RNA interference (RNAi) in the male adult of the SE-Sel strain. Moreover, the expression of the juvenile hormone-binding proteins SeJHBWDS3 and SeJHBAN in the male adult of the SE-Sel strain was significantly decreased, which proved the existence of a fitness cost from another angle. Therefore, these results indicate that the fitness cost accompanied by chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. exigua may be related to the decrease in mating desire due to SeNPF overexpression.

Fitness cost of nitenpyram resistance in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Zhang ◽  
Kaikai Mao ◽  
Xun Liao ◽  
Biyan He ◽  
Ruoheng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Fitness Cost

scholarly journals Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Bello Sani Haliru ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Norida Mazlan ◽  
Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽  
Isma’ila Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistant Genes

Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is considered the main rice insect pest in Asia. Several BPH-resistant varieties of rice have been bred previously and released for large-scale production in various rice-growing regions. However, the frequent surfacing of new BPH biotypes necessitates the evolution of new rice varieties that have a wide genetic base to overcome BPH attacks. Nowadays, with the introduction of molecular approaches in varietal development, it is possible to combine multiple genes from diverse sources into a single genetic background for durable resistance. At present, above 37 BPH-resistant genes/polygenes have been detected from wild species and indica varieties, which are situated on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Five BPH gene clusters have been identified from chromosomes 3, 4, 6, and 12. In addition, eight BPH-resistant genes have been successfully cloned. It is hoped that many more resistance genes will be explored through screening of additional domesticated and undomesticated species in due course.

scholarly journals Characterization of gustatory receptor 7 in the brown planthopper reveals functional versatility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Ojha ◽  
Wenqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Gustatory Receptor ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Protein Ligands

AbstractInsect pests consume tastants as their necessary energy and nutrient sources. Gustatory receptors play important roles in insect life and can form within an extremely complicated regulatory network. However, there are still many gustatory genes that have a significant impact on insect physiology, but their functional mechanism is still unknown. Here, we purified and characterized a gustatory receptor (protein) coding gene, NlGr7, from the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, which is an important insect pest of rice. Our results revealed that NlGr7 has an active association with various ligands, such as lectins, lipids (phospho- and sphingolipid) and copper. The mass-spectrometry result showed that NlGr7 is a sugar receptor, and NlGr7 is validated by different types of insoluble polysaccharides and a varied range of tastants. Furthermore, we observed that NlGr7-bound ATP hydrolysed on the ATPase activity assay, which indicated that NlGr7 may be associated with important biological functions in the BPH. The important NlGr7 for chemoreception has now been characterized in the BPH. We showed that NlGr7 in the BPH is required for various protein-ligands, as well as protein-sugars interactions, to play crucial roles in this pest. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase 5 Is Essential for Molting and Oviposition in a Rice Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Lu-Yao Peng ◽  
Zhen-Wei Dai ◽  
Rui-Rui Yang ◽  
Zhen Zhu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 5

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a typical monophagous insect herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap. This insect pest causes serious damage to rice crops throughout East Asian countries. Chemical control remains the first choice for managing N. lugens populations; however, the use of insecticides has given rise to planthopper resurgence and additional environmental risks. Nilaparvata lugens is a model insect of Hemiptera because its whole genome sequence has been elucidated and is susceptible to RNA interference. In this study, our findings revealed that a superoxide-generating gene, NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5), is essential for molting and oviposition in a Hemipteran insect Nilaparvata lugens. Knockdown of Nox5 transcript levels by RNA interference in 2nd–5th-instar nymphs results in significantly lethal deficits in the molting transitions from nymph–nymph and nymph–adult. Nox5 knockdown leads to a reduction of hydrogen peroxide in female ovaries and failure of oviposition from the insect ovipositor into the rice leaf sheath. Here, we provide in vivo evidence demonstrating that Nox5 is a key enzyme for regulating molting and oviposition in this insect species.

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