scholarly journals Male or Female? For Honeybees, a Single Gene Makes All the Difference

PLoS Biology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e1000186
Author(s):  
Mary Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Inheritance and Interactions of Necrotic, Mottled, and Resistant Reactions to Lettuce Mosaic Virus in Lettuce

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
The Difference

Segregation data from crosses between necrotic and mottled lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) parents showed that a single gene controls the difference in type of reaction to lettuce mosaic virus: necrosis is dominant to mottled. Segregation data from crosses between resistant and necrotic parents differed, depending on the necrotic parent. In crosses with the necrotic cultivar Prizehead, there were two independent genes, one controlling necrotic vs. mottled and the other resistant vs. susceptible. In a cross with the necrotic cultivar Maikonig, resistance was epistatic to necrotic, suggesting a second necrotic allele. Crosses among necrotic cultivars indicated a single gene for the necrotic reaction, with the possibility of more than one necrotic allele. Necrotic alleles identified are named Necrotic-1m and Necrotic-1p.

Regulation of the yeast CYT1 gene encoding cytochrome c1 by HAP1 and HAP2/3/4

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4934-4942
Author(s):  
J C Schneider ◽  
L Guarente
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
High Affinity Site ◽  
Cytochrome C1 ◽  
The Difference

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the coordinate induction of hundreds of genes that reside in the nucleus. We describe here a study of the regulation of the nuclear-encoded cytochrome c1 of the b-c1 complex. Unlike cytochrome c, which is encoded by two genes, CYC1 and CYC7, c1 is encoded by a single gene, CYT1. The regulatory region of the CYT1 promoter contains binding sites for the HAP1 and HAP2/3/4 transactivators that regulate CYC1. The binding of HAP1 to the CYT1 element was studied in detail and found to differ in two important respects from binding to the CYC1 element. First, while CYC1 contains two sites that bind HAP1 cooperatively, CYT1 has a single high-affinity site. Second, while the CYT1 site and the stronger HAP1-binding site of CYC1 share a large block of homology, the HAP1 footprints at these sites are offset by several nucleotides. We discuss how these differences in HAP1 binding might relate to the difference in the biology of cytochrome c and cytochrome c1.

Pollen grain expression of a gene controlling differences in osmoregulation in wheat leaves: a simple breeding method

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Solute Accumulation ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Polyethelene Glycol

The possibility that a gene conditioning differences in osmoregulation in wheat leaves (or) is also expressed in pollen grains was investigated in order to differentiate heterozygous and homozygous lines for use in backcross breeding. The difference in osmoregulation in leaves was expressed as a difference in solute accumulation which was calculated from responses of osmotic potential and relative water content to reductions in water potential caused by droughting plants in pots. A corresponding allelic difference was found in pollen grains. It was demonstrated by a difference in relative size, and solute accumulation, after stressing using polyethelene glycol solution. The response occurred only after addition of a small quantity of potassium chloride, and the maximum response occurred at concentrations of approximately ≥0.2 mM (at least to 10 mM). This suggests that or may condition high affinity potassium transport. Single-gene control was confirmed using pollen responses, and pollen grain expression was further demonstrated by the use of pollen responses, to identify alleles and thus manipulate leaf responses in a backcross breeding study. Because the differences in pollen grain size may be readily observed without measurement using a microscope with relatively low magnification, and because the pollen grains are easily sampled at flowering, the pollen response is suitable as a routine test in plant breeding involving pedigree or backcross methods.

scholarly journals Role of FRG1 in predicting the overall survivability in cancers using multivariate based optimal model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Khan ◽  
Ananya Palo ◽  
Manjusha Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract FRG1 has a role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Our preliminary analysis showed FRG1 expression is associated with the overall survival (OS) in cancers the effect varies. In cervix and gastric cancers, we found a clear difference in the OS between the low and high FRG1 expression groups, but in breast, lung, and liver cancers the difference was not prominent. We hypothesized that the functionality of the genes correlated with FRG1 could be getting affected by FRG1 or vice versa, which might mask the effect of a single gene on the OS analysis in cancer patients. We used the multivariate Cox regression, risk score, and Kaplan Meier analyses to determine OS in a multigene model. STRING, Cytoscape, and HIPPIE were used to deduce FRG1 associated pathways. In breast, lung, and liver cancer we found a distinct difference in the OS, between the low and high FRG1 expression groups in the multigene model, suggesting an independent role of FRG1 in survival. Risk scores were calculated based upon regression coefficients in the multigene model. Low and high-risk score groups revealed a significant difference in the FRG1 expression and survival. HPF1, RPL34, and EXOSC9 were the most common genes present in FRG1 associated pathways across the cancer types. Validation of the effect of FRG1 expression on these genes by qRT-PCR, supports that FRG1 might be an upstream regulator of their expression. These genes may have multiple regulators which also affect their expression, leading to the masking effect in the survival analysis. In conclusion, our study highlights the role of FRG1 in the survivability of cancer patients in tissue-specific manner and the use of multigene models in prognosis.

scholarly journals SPLEEN CELL PROLIFERATION IN RESPONSE TO HOMOLOGOUS ANTIGENS STUDIED IN CONGENIC RESISTANT STRAINS OF MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Histocompatibility Antigens ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Homologous Tissue

The proliferative responses obtained when spleen cell suspensions from two different inbred strains of mice were mixed were investigated further using congenic resistant strain pairs. Strong responses were obtained in 9 cases out of 12 where the two strains differed at a single gene locus controlling an H-2 histocompatibility antigen. No responses were obtained where the difference occurred at loci controlling weak histocompatibility antigens. These findings have been taken to provide additional circumstantial evidence that the response represents an in vitro homograft reaction to homologous tissue antigens.

scholarly journals The Identification and Differentiation between Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei Using One Gene Pyrosequencing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian H. Gilling ◽  
Vicki Ann Luna ◽  
Cori Pflugradt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Insertion Point ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
The Difference

The etiologic agents for melioidosis and glanders, Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei respectively, are genetically similar making identification and differentiation from other Burkholderia species and each other challenging. We used pyrosequencing to determine the presence or absence of an insertion sequence IS407A within the flagellin P (fliP) gene and to exploit the difference in orientation of this gene in the two species. Oligonucleotide primers were designed to selectively target the IS407A-fliP interface in B. mallei and the fliP gene specifically at the insertion point in B. pseudomallei. We then examined DNA from ten B. mallei, ten B. pseudomallei, 14 B. cepacia, eight other Burkholderia spp., and 17 other bacteria. Resultant pyrograms encompassed the target sequence that contained either the fliP gene with the IS407A interruption or the fully intact fliP gene with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These pyrosequencing assays based upon a single gene enable investigators to reliably identify the two species. The information obtained by these assays provides more knowledge of the genomic reduction that created the new species B. mallei from B. pseudomallei and may point to new targets that can be exploited in the future.

scholarly journals SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND PREGNANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipty Jain ◽  
Pooja Lodha ◽  
Roshan Colah ◽  
Prachi Atmapoojya ◽  
Prachi Atmapoojya
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorders ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract   Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a group of inherited single-gene autosomal recessive disorders caused by the ‘sickle’ gene, which affects haemoglobin structure. Sickle cell anemia is the most common hemoglobinopathy worldwide. The burden of sickle cell disease in pregnancy has been exponentially increasing with more number of women reaching the reproductive age, and having successful pregnancies. It has been proven beyond doubt that SCD in pregnancy poses the pregnant woman and fetus to significantly higher risks than a lady without SCD. SCD is associated with both maternal and fetal complications and is associated with an increased incidence of perinatal mortality, premature labour,  fetal growth restriction and acute painful crises during pregnancy.  Some studies also describe an increase in spontaneous miscarriage, antenatal hospitalisation, maternal mortality, delivery by caesarean section, infection, thromboembolic events and antepartum haemorrhage.   This review aims to discuss the risks of SCD in pregnancy - to the mother and fetus . It also reviews the difference between complications in SCD and sickle cell trait.

Function and chromosomal location of the Cochliobolus heterostrophus TOX1 locus

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1071-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Turgeon ◽  
M. Kodama ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
M.S. Rose ◽  
S.W. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
The Difference

Conventional genetic analyses have firmly established that the difference in virulence between race T and O of the corn pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus is determined by a single genetic locus called Tox1, which also controls production of T-toxin, a polyketide specifically toxic to corn with Texas male sterile (T) cytoplasm. More recently, molecular genetic analyses have revealed that Tox1 is not a single gene but rather at least two genetic loci situated on two different chromosomes. DNA at both of these loci is required for the biosynthesis of T-toxin and for the high virulence of race T to corn carrying T-cytoplasm. One of the loci encodes a polyketide synthase that is necessary for the assembly of the T-toxin molecule. Key words: polyketide, restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI), host-specific toxin, corn, fungus, virulence.

scholarly journals A Single Gene Causes an Interspecific Difference in Pigmentation in Drosophila

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir H. Ahmed-Braimah ◽  
Andrea L. Sweigart
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Drosophila Virilis ◽  
Interspecific Difference ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Virilis Group ◽  
The Difference

The genetic basis of species differences remains understudied. Studies in insects have contributed significantly to our understanding of morphological evolution. Pigmentation traits in particular have received a great deal of attention and several genes in the insect pigmentation pathway have been implicated in inter- and intraspecific differences. Nonetheless, much remains unknown about many of the genes in this pathway and their potential role in understudied taxa. Here we genetically analyze the puparium color difference between members of the Virilis group of Drosophila. The puparium of Drosophila virilis is black, while those of D. americana, D. novamexicana, and D. lummei are brown. We used a series of backcross hybrid populations between D. americana and D. virilis to map the genomic interval responsible for the difference between this species pair. First, we show that the pupal case color difference is caused by a single Mendelizing factor, which we ultimately map to an ~11kb region on chromosome 5. The mapped interval includes only the first exon and regulatory region(s) of the dopamine N-acetyltransferase gene (Dat). This gene encodes an enzyme that is known to play a part in the insect pigmentation pathway. Second, we show that this gene is highly expressed at the onset of pupation in light-brown taxa (D. americana and D. novamexicana) relative to D. virilis, but not in the dark-brown D. lummei. Finally, we examine the role of Dat in adult pigmentation between D. americana (heavily melanized) and D. novamexicana (lightly melanized) and find no discernible effect of this gene in adults. Our results demonstrate that a single gene is entirely or almost entirely responsible for a morphological difference between species.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of physiological homeostasis: glomerular filtration rate following saline loading in mice

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stewart ◽  
S. Mowbray
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYSaline loading caused an increase in glomerular filtration rate in RAP mice but not in CBA mice. On the basis of progeny testing of F 2 hybrids, backcrosses to CBA, and inbred lines derived from backcrosses to RAP, it was concluded that the difference between the strains RAP and CBA was probably largely accounted for by a single gene locus. The use of this gene in physiological investigations of the control of glomerular filtration rate is suggested.

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