Virtual-source theory of unstable resonator modes

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Southwell
Keyword(s):  
Unstable Resonator ◽  
Virtual Source ◽  
Source Theory ◽  
Resonator Modes

Computing unstable resonator modes

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (20) ◽  
pp. 2185-2194
Author(s):  
G. H. C. New
Keyword(s):  
Unstable Resonator ◽  
Resonator Modes

Fractal dimension of unstable resonator modes

2002 ◽  
Vol 208 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Yates ◽  
G.H.C New
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Unstable Resonator ◽  
Resonator Modes

Extended asymptotic theory of unstable resonator modes

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (30) ◽  
pp. 4462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Q. Li ◽  
C. C. Sung
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Theory ◽  
Unstable Resonator ◽  
Resonator Modes

IV Unstable Resonator Modes

1987 ◽  
pp. 165-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Edmund Oughstun
Keyword(s):  
Unstable Resonator ◽  
Resonator Modes

Unstable resonator modes: a beam expansion approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (15) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.C. New ◽  
Z. Derrar Kaddour
Keyword(s):  
Unstable Resonator ◽  
Resonator Modes

Development of a conical anode Fe-gun for low voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
T. Miyokawa ◽  
S. Norioka ◽  
S. Goto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Cold Cathode ◽  
Virtual Source ◽  
Source Position ◽  
Electrostatic Lens ◽  
Electrostatic Lenses ◽  
Wide Range

Field emission SEMs (FE-SEMs) are becoming popular due to their high resolution needs. In the field of semiconductor product, it is demanded to use the low accelerating voltage FE-SEM to avoid the electron irradiation damage and the electron charging up on samples. However the accelerating voltage of usual SEM with FE-gun is limited until 1 kV, which is not enough small for the present demands, because the virtual source goes far from the tip in lower accelerating voltages. This virtual source position depends on the shape of the electrostatic lens. So, we investigated several types of electrostatic lenses to be applicable to the lower accelerating voltage. In the result, it is found a field emission gun with a conical anode is effectively applied for a wide range of low accelerating voltages.A field emission gun usually consists of a field emission tip (cold cathode) and the Butler type electrostatic lens.

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