Unstable-resonator-mode derivation using virtual-source theory

W. H. Southwell

doi:10.1364/josaa.3.001885

Unstable-resonator-mode derivation using virtual-source theory

Journal of the Optical Society of America A ◽

10.1364/josaa.3.001885 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 1885 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

W. H. Southwell

Keyword(s):

Unstable Resonator ◽

Virtual Source ◽

Source Theory ◽

Resonator Mode

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Virtual-source theory of unstable resonator modes

Optics Letters ◽

10.1364/ol.6.000487 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 487 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

W. H. Southwell

Keyword(s):

Unstable Resonator ◽

Virtual Source ◽

Source Theory ◽

Resonator Modes

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Unstable resonator mode control in a transverse flow dye laser

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics ◽

10.1109/jqe.1977.1069503 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 842-842

Author(s):

D. Northam ◽

M. Mack ◽

I. Itzkan

Keyword(s):

Transverse Flow ◽

Dye Laser ◽

Unstable Resonator ◽

Mode Control ◽

Resonator Mode

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A simplified method for predicting unstable resonator mode profiles

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics ◽

10.1109/jqe.1975.1069012 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 725-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. Steier ◽

G. McAllister

Keyword(s):

Unstable Resonator ◽

Simplified Method ◽

Resonator Mode

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Generalized Virtual Source Theory of Unstable Laser Resonators within an Extended Fresnel Approximation

Coherence and Quantum Optics V ◽

10.1007/978-1-4757-0605-5_137 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 927-934

Author(s):

Jui-teng Lin

Keyword(s):

Virtual Source ◽

Laser Resonators ◽

Source Theory

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Unstable resonator mode formation in an XeF laser: observations and modeling

10.1364/cleo.1985.wm17 ◽

1985 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RICHARD F. HORTON ◽

LEONARD LITZENBERGER ◽

DANIEL TRAINOR ◽

RALPH BERGGREN ◽

DAVID KORFF

Keyword(s):

Unstable Resonator ◽

Resonator Mode ◽

Mode Formation

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Experimental observation of unstable resonator mode evolution in a high‐power KrF laser

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.335574 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 3987-3990 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Shingo Izawa ◽

Akira Suda ◽

Minoru Obara

Keyword(s):

Experimental Observation ◽

High Power ◽

Unstable Resonator ◽

Resonator Mode ◽

Krf Laser

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Unstable resonator mode control in a transverse flow dye laser

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.17.000931 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 931 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. B. Northam ◽

M. E. Mack ◽

I. Itzkan

Keyword(s):

Transverse Flow ◽

Dye Laser ◽

Unstable Resonator ◽

Mode Control ◽

Resonator Mode

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Development of a conical anode Fe-gun for low voltage SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100106958 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 978-979

Author(s):

T. Miyokawa ◽

S. Norioka ◽

S. Goto

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Field Emission ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Irradiation Damage ◽

Cold Cathode ◽

Virtual Source ◽

Source Position ◽

Electrostatic Lens ◽

Electrostatic Lenses ◽

Wide Range

Field emission SEMs (FE-SEMs) are becoming popular due to their high resolution needs. In the field of semiconductor product, it is demanded to use the low accelerating voltage FE-SEM to avoid the electron irradiation damage and the electron charging up on samples. However the accelerating voltage of usual SEM with FE-gun is limited until 1 kV, which is not enough small for the present demands, because the virtual source goes far from the tip in lower accelerating voltages. This virtual source position depends on the shape of the electrostatic lens. So, we investigated several types of electrostatic lenses to be applicable to the lower accelerating voltage. In the result, it is found a field emission gun with a conical anode is effectively applied for a wide range of low accelerating voltages.A field emission gun usually consists of a field emission tip (cold cathode) and the Butler type electrostatic lens.

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