scholarly journals Depth detection in interactive projection system based on one-shot black-and-white stripe pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 5341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Xiaorui Qiao ◽  
Kai Ni ◽  
Xinghui Li ◽  
Xiaohao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Projection System ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Depth Detection

scholarly journals Structure and function of the Nautilus statocyst

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1361) ◽  
pp. 1565-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Neumeister ◽  
B. U. Budelmann
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Sensory Hair Cells ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Gravity Receptor ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
And Function

The two equilibrium receptor organs (statocysts) of Nautilus are ovoid sacks, half-filled with numerous small, free-moving statoconia and half with endolymph. The inner surface of each statocyst is lined with 130 000 to 150 000 primary sensory hair cells. The hair cells are of two morphological types. Type A hair cells carry 10 to 15 kinocilia arranged in a single ciliary row; they are present in the ventral half of the statocyst. Type B hair cells carry 8 to 10 irregularly arranged kinocilia; they are present in the dorsal half of the statocyst. Both type of hair cells are morphologically polarized. To test whether these features allow the Nautilus statocyst to sense angular accelerations, behavioural experiments were performed to measure statocyst-dependent funnel movements during sinusoidal oscillations of restrained Nautilus around a vertical body axis. Such dynamic rotatory stimulation caused horizontal phase-locked movements of the funnel. The funnel movements were either in the same direction (compensatory funnel response), or in the opposite direction (funnel follow response) to that of the applied rotation. Compensatory funnel movements were also seen during optokinetic stimulation (with a black and white stripe pattern) and during stimulations in which optokinetic and statocyst stimulations were combined. These morphological and behavioural findings show that the statocysts of Nautilus , in addition to their function as gravity receptor organs, are able to detect rotatory movements (angular accelerations) without the specialized receptor systems (crista/cupula systems) that are found in the statocysts of coleoid cephalopods. The findings further indicate that both statocyst and visual inputs control compensatory funnel movements.

Mechanisms of black and white stripe pattern formation in the cuticles of insect larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Ninomiya ◽  
Kohjiro Tanaka ◽  
Yoichi Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Black And White

Footsteps and Inchworms: Illusions Show That Contrast Affects Apparent Speed

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3211 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Anstis
Keyword(s):  
High Contrast ◽  
Black Stripe ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Apparent Direction ◽  
Trailing Edges

A horizontal grey bar that drifts horizontally across a surround of black and white vertical stripes appears to stop and start as it crosses each stripe. A dark bar appears to slow down on a black stripe, where its edges have low contrast, and to accelerate on a white stripe, where its edges have high contrast. A light-grey bar appears to slow down on a white stripe and to accelerate on a black stripe. If the background luminances at the leading and trailing edges of the moving bar are the same, the bar appears to change speed, and if they are different the bar appears to change in length. A plaid surround can induce 2-D illusions that modulate the apparent direction, not just the speed, of moving squares. Thus, the motion salience of a moving edge depends critically on its instantaneous contrast against the background.

Profilometry by projecting sinusoidal stripe patterns with motion blurring

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fringe Pattern ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Optical Projection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Fringe Patterns ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

This paper proposes a method of projecting sinusoidal fringe patterns for measuring a three-dimensional shape. In the proposed method, fringe patterns are plated on a piece of glass with chromium, and each stripe of the fringe pattern is composed of small sinusoidal segments. The glass is placed on the image plane of an optical projection system. By linearly moving the glass along the direction of the stripe pattern, the projection system generates the motion-blurring phenomenon, and as a result, produces a blurred-stripe pattern whose intensity profile is sinusoidal along the direction perpendicular to the stripe pattern. Experimental results are provided for three different types of fringe patterns: rectangle, diamond, and sinusoid. Sinusoidal phase-shifted patterns generated by the proposed method produce smaller phase angle errors.

scholarly journals A Modified Two-Way Active Avoidance Test for Combined Contextual and Auditory Instrumental Conditioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssein Salah ◽  
Ronza Abdel Rassoul ◽  
Yasser Medlej ◽  
Rita Asdikian ◽  
Helene Hajjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Instrumental Conditioning ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Retention Testing ◽  
Modified Test ◽  
Active Avoidance Test

Available two-way active avoidance paradigms do not provide contextual testing, likely due to challenges in performing repetitive trials of context exposure. To incorporate contextual conditioning in the two-way shuttle box, we contextually modified one of the chambers of a standard two-chamber rat shuttle box with visual cues consisting of objects and black and white stripe patterns. During the 5 training days, electrical foot shocks were delivered every 10 s in the contextually modified chamber but were signaled by a tone in the plain chamber. Shuttling between chambers prevented an incoming foot shock (avoidance) or aborted an ongoing one (escape). During contextual retention testing, rats were allowed to freely roam in the box. During auditory retention testing, visual cues were removed, and tone-signaled shocks were delivered in both chambers. Avoidance gradually replaced escape or freezing behaviors reaching 80% on the last training day in both chambers. Rats spent twice more time in the plain chamber during contextual retention testing and had 90% avoidance rates during auditory retention testing. Our modified test successfully assesses both auditory and contextual two-way active avoidance. By efficiently expanding its array of outcomes, our novel test will complement standard two-way active avoidance in mechanistic studies and will improve its applications in translational research.

scholarly journals How the zebra got its stripes: a problem with too many solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Larison ◽  
Ryan J. Harrigan ◽  
Henri A. Thomassen ◽  
Daniel I. Rubenstein ◽  
Alec M. Chan-Golston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
White Striping ◽  
Plains Zebra

The adaptive significance of zebra stripes has thus far eluded understanding. Many explanations have been suggested, including social cohesion, thermoregulation, predation evasion and avoidance of biting flies. Identifying the associations between phenotypic and environmental factors is essential for testing these hypotheses and substantiating existing experimental evidence. Plains zebra striping pattern varies regionally, from heavy black and white striping over the entire body in some areas to reduced stripe coverage with thinner and lighter stripes in others. We examined how well 29 environmental variables predict the variation in stripe characteristics of plains zebra across their range in Africa. In contrast to recent findings, we found no evidence that striping may have evolved to escape predators or avoid biting flies. Instead, we found that temperature successfully predicts a substantial amount of the stripe pattern variation observed in plains zebra. As this association between striping and temperature may be indicative of multiple biological processes, we suggest that the selective agents driving zebra striping are probably multifarious and complex.

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