scholarly journals High-temperature operating 8946nm-VCSELs with extremely low threshold for Cs-based chip scale atomic clocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 14763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Hongbo Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atomic Clocks ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Low Threshold

Design and analysis of high-temperature operating 795 nm VCSELs for chip-scale atomic clocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 045802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Ning ◽  
Yugang Zeng ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Jinlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atomic Clocks ◽  
Temperature Operating

Latch-Up Induced Slit Voiding in Aluminum Metal Lines

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Lakshmi Vedula ◽  
Shekhar Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Mixed Signal ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Latch Up

Abstract Latch-up induced during High Temperature Operating Life (HTOL) test of a mixed signal device fabricated with 1.0 μm CMOS, double poly, double metal process caused failures due to an open in aluminum metal line. Metal lines revealed wedge voids of about 50% of the line width. Triggering of latch up mechanism during the HTOL test resulted in a several fold increase of current flowing through the ground metal line. This increase in current resulted in the growth of the wedge voids leading to failures due to open metal lines.

Analysis on Failure of Oxide Layer of T91 High Temperature Superheater Tube

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Zhang ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
Chang Ming Li ◽  
Da Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Superheater Tube ◽  
Temperature Operating

The reason why the failure protective properties of the oxide layer of T91 high temperature superheater tube were analyzed in this study. The microstructure of the oxide layer of T91 high temperature superheater tube was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the morphological features of it was also analyzed. The concentrations of alloy elements in the section of internal tube were quantitatively analyzed using Energy Dispersive System (EDS). The results showed that the oxide layer of T91 tube can be divided into three layers: inner layer, middle layer and outer layer. The inner layer was formed by chromium rich oxide with compact structure. The middle layer was made up by porous oxide with loose structure. The outer layer was identified as Fe2O3. When the content of dissolved oxygen in steam was excessive, the apparent peeling marks will be appeared in the oxide layer of T91 high temperature superheater tube and the distribution of alloy elements in the oxide layer will present obvious proliferation, migration and enrichment phenomenon. Two different mechanisms (steam oxidation mechanism and oxygen oxidation mechanism) will exercise different influences on the structure and protective properties of the oxide layer: when steam contained dissolved oxygen, the oxide layer will be peroxidated by steam and the structure of oxide layer will be broken; When the tube was over-temperature operating, the oxide layer will be oxidated by oxygen.

Luminous Efficiency of Pd-Doped Ag-Alloy Wire Bonded LED Package after Reliability Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 960 ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui Hung Yuan ◽  
Tung Han Chuang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Luminous Efficiency ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Alloy Wire ◽  
Blue Wavelength ◽  
Pd Alloy ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Temperature Storage

In this study, binary Ag-alloy wires were doped with different Pd concentrations, and each wire was encapsulated in an LED package. The initial optical characteristics were tested, and reliability was tested with the high temperature storage life (HTSL), high temperature operating life (HTOL) and wet high temperature operating life (WHTOL). The luminous efficiency of the Ag-alloy wire LED package was about 2% higher than that of the Au wire package, but the addition of 6% Pd to the Ag-alloy wire decreased the luminous efficiency to close to that of the Au-wire LED package. This was due to the high reflectivity of silver in the blue wavelength region, as compared to the low reflectivity of palladium. After 1,000 hours of HTOL and WHTOL, the results showed that the performance of luminous flux maintenance increased with increasing Pd content, indicating that Ag-alloy wires doped with a sufficient amount of Pd can inhibit degradation due to oxidation reaction and thermal and humidity aging. Therefore, binary Ag-Pd alloy wires produced with specific drawing and annealing processes are suitable for mid-power white light LEDs in lighting applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document