scholarly journals Comb-calibrated laser ranging for three-dimensional surface profiling with micrometer-level precision at a distance

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 24914 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Baumann ◽  
F. R. Giorgetta ◽  
J.-D. Deschênes ◽  
W. C. Swann ◽  
I. Coddington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Morphology of Foliar Trichomes of the Chinese Cork OakQuercus variabilisby Electron Microscopy and Three-Dimensional Surface Profiling

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Woo Kim ◽  
Do-Hyun Cho ◽  
Pan-Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
Dimensional Surface

AbstractMorphology of foliar trichomes was analyzed inQuercus variabilisby electron microscopy and three-dimensional surface profiling. Leaves from suppressed or dominant sprouts of the oak species were collected after a forest fire to unravel the effects of the disturbance factor on sprouting of the oak species. Scanning electron microscopy revealed two types of trichomes depending on the leaf surface. The trichomes on the adaxial surface were branched and constricted, and possessed a single row of thin-walled cells with a collapsed morphology (glandular branched uniseriate trichomes). Meanwhile, the trichomes on the abaxial surface were star-shaped, unfused with each other, and had 6 to 10 rays (nonglandular simple stellate trichomes). An apparent proliferation of trichomes was evident on the adaxial surface of the dominant sprouts. Uniseriate trichomes could be discernable as an elevation from the surface by white light scanning interferometry. By transmission electron microscopy, thin and convoluted cell wall, degenerated cytoplasm, and a single row of cells were characteristic of the trichomes on the adaxial surface. The thick cell walls of the mature trichomes on the abaxial surface represented the nonglandular nature. This is the first report on the morphological and ultrastructural characterization of foliar trichomes of the oak species.

Diffraction-Assisted Image Correlation for Three-Dimensional Surface Profiling

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pan ◽  
S. Xia ◽  
A. Gdoutou ◽  
G. Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Dimensional Surface

scholarly journals Three-dimensional surface profiling and optical characterization of liquid microlens using a Shack–Hartmann wave front sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (17) ◽  
pp. 171104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Li ◽  
Gunnsteinn Hall ◽  
Xuefeng Zeng ◽  
Difeng Zhu ◽  
Kevin Eliceiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Enhancement of Heat Transfer Performance in Nuclear Fuel Rod Using Nanofluids and Surface Roughness Technique

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Titan C. Paul ◽  
Leo A. Carrilho ◽  
Jamil A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
Dimensional Surface

The experimental investigations were carried out of a pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) with enhanced surface using different concentration (0.5 and 2.0 vol%) of ZnO/DI-water based nanofluids as a coolant. The experimental setup consisted of a flow loop with a nuclear fuel rod section that was heated by electrical current. The fuel rod surfaces were termed as two-dimensional surface roughness (square transverse ribbed surface) and three-dimensional surface roughness (diamond shaped blocks). The variation in temperature of nuclear fuel rod was measured along the length of a specified section. Heat transfer coefficient was calculated by measuring heat flux and temperature differences between surface and bulk fluid. The experimental results of nanofluids were compared with the coolant as a DI-water data. The maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement was achieved 33% at Re = 1.15 × 105 for fuel rod with three-dimensional surface roughness using 2.0 vol% nanofluids compared to DI-water.

scholarly journals DISCRETE AND CONTINUUM APPROACHES TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY

1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (39) ◽  
pp. 3591-3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSI OOGURI ◽  
NAOKI SASAKURA
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Analogue Model ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Invariant Functions ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
Chern Simons ◽  
Dimensional Surface

It is shown that, in the three-dimensional lattice gravity defined by Ponzano and Regge, the space of physical states is isomorphic to the space of gauge-invariant functions on the moduli space of flat SU(2) connections over a two-dimensional surface, which gives physical states in the ISO(3) Chern–Simons gauge theory. To prove this, we employ the q-analogue of this model defined by Turaev and Viro as a regularization to sum over states. A recent work by Turaev suggests that the q-analogue model itself may be related to an Euclidean gravity with a cosmological constant proportional to 1/k2, where q=e2πi/(k+2).

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