The Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume over central Europe: Lidar Observations of aerosol composition and ash-induced cloud modification

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Macke ◽  
Albert Ansmann
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Lidar Observations

scholarly journals Airborne lidar observations of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Marenco ◽  
Ben Johnson ◽  
Kate Turnbull ◽  
Stuart Newman ◽  
Jim Haywood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Lidar Observations

The 16 April 2010 major volcanic ash plume over central Europe: EARLINET lidar and AERONET photometer observations at Leipzig and Munich, Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ansmann ◽  
M. Tesche ◽  
S. Groß ◽  
V. Freudenthaler ◽  
P. Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Ash Plume

Lidar observations of the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic ash plume at Leipzig, Germany

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Tesche ◽  
Albert Ansmann ◽  
Anja Hiebsch ◽  
Ina Mattis ◽  
Jörg Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Lidar Observations

scholarly journals Airborne observations of the Eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over Europe during air space closure in April and May 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schumann ◽  
B. Weinzierl ◽  
O. Reitebuch ◽  
H. Schlager ◽  
A. Minikin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
Space Closure ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Ash Cloud ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. Airborne lidar and in-situ measurements of aerosols and trace gases were performed in volcanic ash plumes over Europe between Southern Germany and Iceland with the Falcon aircraft during the eruption period of the Eyjafjalla volcano between 19 April and 18 May 2010. Flight planning and measurement analyses were supported by a refined Meteosat ash product and trajectory model analysis. The volcanic ash plume was observed with lidar directly over the volcano and up to a distance of 2700 km downwind, and up to 120 h plume ages. Aged ash layers were between a few 100 m to 3 km deep, occurred between 1 and 7 km altitude, and were typically 100 to 300 km wide. Particles collected by impactors had diameters up to 20 μm diameter, with size and age dependent composition. Ash mass concentrations were derived from optical particle spectrometers for a particle density of 2.6 g cm−3 and various values of the refractive index (RI, real part: 1.59; 3 values for the imaginary part: 0, 0.004 and 0.008). The mass concentrations, effective diameters and related optical properties were compared with ground-based lidar observations. Theoretical considerations of particle sedimentation constrain the particle diameters to those obtained for the lower RI values. The ash mass concentration results have an uncertainty of a factor of two. The maximum ash mass concentration encountered during the 17 flights with 34 ash plume penetrations was below 1 mg m−3. The Falcon flew in ash clouds up to about 0.8 mg m−3 for a few minutes and in an ash cloud with approximately 0.2 mg m−3 mean-concentration for about one hour without engine damage. The ash plumes were rather dry and correlated with considerable CO and SO2 increases and O3 decreases. To first order, ash concentration and SO2 mixing ratio in the plumes decreased by a factor of two within less than a day. In fresh plumes, the SO2 and CO concentration increases were correlated with the ash mass concentration. The ash plumes were often visible slantwise as faint dark layers, even for concentrations below 0.1 mg m−3. The large abundance of volatile Aitken mode particles suggests previous nucleation of sulfuric acid droplets. The effective diameters range between 0.2 and 3 μm with considerable surface and volume contributions from the Aitken and coarse mode aerosol, respectively. The distal ash mass flux on 2 May was of the order of 500 (240–1600) kg s−1. The volcano induced about 10 (2.5–50) Tg of distal ash mass and about 3 (0.6–23) Tg of SO2 during the whole eruption period. The results of the Falcon flights were used to support the responsible agencies in their decisions concerning air traffic in the presence of volcanic ash.

Volcanic ash particulate matter from the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in dust deposition at Prague, central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Navrátil ◽  
Jindřich Hladil ◽  
Ladislav Strnad ◽  
Leona Koptíková ◽  
Roman Skála
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Dust Deposition

Lidar observations of volcanic aerosol over the UK since June 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint Vaughan ◽  
David Wareing ◽  
Hugo Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Elastic Channel ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Volcanic Cloud ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lidar Observations

<p>On 22 June 2019, the Raikoke volcano in the Kuril Islands erupted, sending a plume of ask and sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere. A Raman lidar system at Capel Dewi, UK (52.4°N, 4.1°W) has been used to measure the extent and optical depth of the stratospheric aerosol layer following the eruption. The lidar was modified to give it much enhanced sensitivity in the elastic channel, allowing measurements up to 25 km, but the Raman channel is only sensitive to the troposphere. Therefore, backscatter ratio profiles were derived by comparison with aerosol-free profiles derived from nearby radiosondes, corrected for aerosol extinction. Small amounts of stratospheric aerosol were measured prior to the arrival of the volcanic cloud, probably from pyroconvection over Canada. Volcanic ash began to arrive as a thin layer at 14 km late on 3 July, extending over the following month to fill the stratosphere below around 19 km. Aerosol optical depths reached around 0.03 by mid-August and continued at this level for the remainder of the year. The location of peak backscatter varied considerably but was generally around 15 km. However, on one notable occasion on August 25, a layer around 300 m thick with peak lidar backscatter ratio around 1.5 was observed as high as 21 km.</p>

scholarly journals Ash plume top height estimate using AATSR

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3863-3913
Author(s):  
T. H. Virtanen ◽  
P. Kolmonen ◽  
E. Rodríguez ◽  
L. Sogacheva ◽  
A.-M. Sundström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Height Estimate ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Estimate Method ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Along Track

Abstract. An algorithm is presented for estimation of volcanic ash plume top height using the stereo view of the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) aboard ENVISAT. The algorithm is based on matching the top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectances and brightness temperatures of the nadir and 55° forward views, and using the resulting parallax to obtain the height estimate. Various retrieval parameters are discussed in detail, several quality parameters are introduced, and post-processing methods for screening out unreliable data have been developed. The method is compared against other satellite observations and in-situ data. The proposed algorithm is designed to be fully automatic, and can be implemented into operational retrieval algorithms. Combined with automated ash detection using the brightness temperature difference between the 11 μm and 12 μm channels, the algorithm allows simultaneous retrieval of horizontal and vertical dispersion of volcanic ash efficiently. A case study on the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 is presented. The height estimate method results are validated against available satellite and ground based data.

scholarly journals Ash plume top height estimation using AATSR

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2437-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Virtanen ◽  
P. Kolmonen ◽  
E. Rodríguez ◽  
L. Sogacheva ◽  
A.-M. Sundström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Vertical Dispersion ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Ash Plume ◽  
Along Track

Abstract. An algorithm is presented for the estimation of volcanic ash plume top height using the stereo view of the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) aboard Envisat. The algorithm is based on matching top of the atmosphere (TOA) reflectances and brightness temperatures of the nadir and 55° forward views, and using the resulting parallax to obtain the height estimate. Various retrieval parameters are discussed in detail, several quality parameters are introduced, and post-processing methods for screening out unreliable data have been developed. The method is compared to other satellite observations and in situ data. The proposed algorithm is designed to be fully automatic and can be implemented in operational retrieval algorithms. Combined with automated ash detection using the brightness temperature difference between the 11 and 12 μm channels, the algorithm allows efficient simultaneous retrieval of the horizontal and vertical dispersion of volcanic ash. A case study on the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 is presented.

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