scholarly journals In vivo measurement of mid-infrared light scattering from human skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P. M. Michel ◽  
Sabbir Liakat ◽  
Kevin Bors ◽  
Claire F. Gmachl
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

In Vivo Measurement of Human Nasal Mucociliary Motility Using a Laser Light Scattering Instrument

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Paltieli ◽  
Ludwig Podoshin ◽  
Milo Fradis ◽  
Hala Shiti ◽  
Jacob Ben-David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Laser Light Scattering ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Fiberoptic Probe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
User Friendly

The mucociliary system is one of the most important airway defense mechanisms, and knowledge of the mucociliary wave frequency (MWF) is important in the understanding of this system. Employing a laser light scattering technique and a thin, flexible fiberoptic probe, we developed and tested a simple and practical device for real-time in vivo measurements of mucociliary activity in the human nose. The laser instrument is user-friendly and does not produce any discomfort to the patient. The mean ± SE of MWF of 36 measurements in 16 normal subjects was 7.7 ± 0.5 Hz. The mean MWF of 17 measurements in 7 patients with allergic rhinitis was 5.5 ± 0.2 Hz (p < .005), and the mean MWF of 56 measurements in 17 patients with septum deviation was 5.8 ± 0.2 Hz (p < .001). The instrument presented in this study might provide a new and convenient method of studying the mucociliary activity in the respiratory tract.

Rapid in vivo measurement of the topography of human skin by active image triangulation using a digital micromirror device

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jaspers ◽  
H. Hopermann ◽  
G. Sauermann ◽  
U. Hoppe ◽  
R. Lunderstädt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Digital Micromirror Device ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

scholarly journals Non-invasive, opsin-free mid-infrared modulation activates cortical neurons and accelerates associative learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Chen ◽  
Jianxiong Zhang ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Shanshan Liang ◽  
Xiang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Brain Neurons ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Learning Capabilities

Abstract Boosting learning capability represents a long-sought dream of mankind. Neurostimulant drugs or magnetic/electrical stimulation techniques can overcome attention deficits, but these drugs or techniques are weakly beneficial in boosting the learning capabilities of healthy subjects. Here, we report a stimulation technique, mid-infrared modulation (MIM), that delivers mid-infrared light energy through opened skull or even non-invasively through thinned intact skull and can activate brain neurons in vivo without introducing any exogeneous gene. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, in vivo single-cell electrophysiology and two-photon Ca2+ imaging in mice, we demonstrate that MIM significantly induces firing activities of neurons in the targeted cortical area. Moreover, mice that receive MIM targeting to the auditory cortex during an auditory associative learning task exhibit a strikingly faster learning speed (~ 50% faster) than control mice. Together, this non-invasive, opsin-free MIM technique is demonstrated with a great translational potential for activating brain neurons and boosting brain learning capability.

scholarly journals Effects of guanidinium hydrochloride on the structure and immunological properties of Bordetella pertussis fimbriae

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Pearce ◽  
L I Irons ◽  
A Robinson ◽  
R N Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Guanidinium Hydrochloride ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
The Individual

Denaturation of Bordetella pertussis fimbrial preparations by guanidinium hydrochloride (GdnHCl) has been characterized using static light scattering, c.d., fluorescence and antibody recognition. The susceptibility of Fim2 + 3 (a mixed preparation of two fimbrial types) to GdnHCl was found to be highly dependent on pH; as the pH was increased from pH 7.2 to 10.5, the concentration of GdnHCl required to induce 50% denaturation was decreased. At pH 10.5, Fim2 + 3 was denatured by GdnHCl in a three-step pathway comprising: (1) formation of a pre-denaturational intermediate at less than 1.0 M-GdnHCl; (2) dissociation of the fimbrial polymer into subunits between 2 M- and 3.2 M-GdnHCl; and (3) subunit unfolding between 2.8 M- and 3.6 M-GdnHCl. A similar pathway was also found for the denaturation of the individual fimbrial types, Fim2 and Fim3, except that unfolding of either subunit commenced at a lower GdnHCl concentration (2.2 M) than that found for the mixture of fimbriae, Fim2 + 3. The second step in the denaturation pathway, dissociation into subunits, was partially reversible, but the renaturation and reassociation of fully unfolded subunits to form fimbriae-like structures was not achieved. These findings demonstrate that the GdnHCl denaturation of complex polymeric proteins is unlikely to follow a reversible two-state denaturation pathway, and support the involvement of a chaperone-like protein in the folding and assembly of the fimbriae in vivo. Measurement of the ability of anti-fimbrial monoclonal antibodies to recognize intermediates in the denaturation pathway enabled the identification of two types of epitope which were dependent on different aspects of fimbrial tertiary/quaternary structure.

scholarly journals Noninvasive in vivo glucose sensing on human subjects using mid-infrared light

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabbir Liakat ◽  
Kevin A. Bors ◽  
Laura Xu ◽  
Callie M. Woods ◽  
Jessica Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Mid Infrared

scholarly journals Micromachined Fiber Optical Sensor for In Vivo Measurement of Optical Properties of Human Skin

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1698-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Garcia-Uribe ◽  
Karthik Chinna Balareddy ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Lihong V. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Fiber Optical Sensor ◽  
Fiber Optical
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