Analysis of Experimental Errors in Mueller MatrixChanneled Polarimeters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gonzalez-Siu ◽  
Neil Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Errors

Temperature Dependence of the Self-Assembled Styrene Based Random Ionomers in Aqueous Solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hwa Oh ◽  
Ju-Myung Song ◽  
Joon-Seop Kim ◽  
Hyang-Rim Oh ◽  
Jeong-A Yu
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Notable Effect ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Experimental Errors

AbstractSolution behaviors of poly(styrene-co-sodium methacrylate) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopic methods using pyrene as a probe. The mol% of methacrylate was in the range 3.6–9.4. Water and N,N-dimethylforamide(DMF) mixture was used as a solvent (DMF/water = 0.2 mol %). The critical micelle (or aggregation) concentrations of ionomers and the partition coefficients of pyrene were obtained the temperature range 10–80°C. At room temperature, the values of CMCs (or CACs) were in the range 4.7 ×10-6 5.3 ×10-6 g/mL and we could not find any notable effect of the content of ionic repeat units within the experimental errors. Unlike CMCs, as the ion content increased, partitioning of pyrene between the hydrophobic aggregates and an aqueous media decreased from 1.5 ×105 to 9.4 ×104. As the temperature increased from 10 to 80 °C, the values of CMCs increased less than one order of magnitude. While, the partition coefficients of pyrene decreased one order of magnitude and the effect of the ion content became negligible.

Spectrocoulometry – a new spectro-electrochemical technique

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Michal Németh ◽  
Mieczyslaw Lapkowski ◽  
Jerzy W. Strojek
Keyword(s):  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

A spectrocoulometric macrocell with a direct-view optical probe was designed and constructed, where the optical signal is transferred by light-conducting glass or quartz fibres permitting to work at wavelengths above 410 or 300 nm. The method of measurement on the proposed equipment is described; it was tested in the study of the mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of Fe(bipy)32+ ions (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) with the use of potentiostatic coulometric electrolysis with open-circuit relaxation at a suitable time. The primary product of electrolysis, Fe(bipy)33+, undergoes a follow-up hydrolytic reaction with the formation of a binuclear complex. The rate constant of the reaction of the first order involves the contributions, kBi, from all bases present in solution; the corresponding values for H2O, OH-, bipy, and CH3COO- ions at a ionic strength 0·5 mol dm-3 and 25 °C were determined as kOH = (5·0 ± 0·6) . 105 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kbipy = (1·3 ± 0·2) . 10-1 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kAc = (5·8 ± 1·0) . 10-2 mol-1 dm3 s-1, and kH2O is not significant with respect to experimental errors.

Non-Cottrell Behavior of the Dopamine Redox Reaction Observed on the Carbon Fibre Microelectrode by the Double-Step Voltcoulometry

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Gmucová ◽  
Jozef Orlický ◽  
Juraj Pavlásek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Redox Reaction ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Current ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Dopamine Concentration ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Carbon Fibre Microelectrode ◽  
Experimental Errors

The redox reaction of the neurotransmitter dopamine at the carbon fibre microelectrode was studied by several electrochemical methods. It was found that under conditions usual in a living body, the diffusion current fullfils, within experimental errors, the behavior theoretically predicted by the Cottrell equation. Nevertheless, attention should be paid to the fact that unsupported or weakly supported conditions give rise to a non-Cottrell response of diffusion current. Moreover, similar changes were observed if the dopamine concentration was either lower such as several units of μmol l-1, or about 100 μmol l-1 or higher. The non-Cottrell behavior of diffusion current involves the nonlinearity of the dopamine calibration curve obtained by pulse techniques. The present work is aimed at pointing out that such behavior of the measured data could lead to misinterpretation of the obtained dopamine concentration. Similar features could be also achieved for the other catecholamines.

The accurate measurement of permittivity by means of an open resonator

1971 ◽  
Vol 325 (1563) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Open Resonator ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Experimental Errors

A method for the measurement of permittivity at microwave frequencies using an open resonator is proposed. The theory of the method is developed, and an experimental procedure is evolved and justified. It is shown that the present method has advantages over other open resonator methods which have been proposed, and a thorough experimental study of the method has shown that experimental errors can be made very small indeed.

Expected Improvement in the Determination of G Using an X Pendulum

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kuroda ◽  
Mark A. Barton ◽  
Atsushi Onae ◽  
Yukinobu Miki
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

We propose the application of a new technique, the X pendulum, to determine the Newtonian gravitational constant G. We evaluate the likely experimental errors for configurations realizable with existing technologies and show that improvement of the accuracy by an order of magnitude or more is possible.

Sensitivity of Intersegmental Angles of the Spinal Column to Errors Due to Marker Misplacement

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Rouhani ◽  
Sara Mahallati ◽  
Richard Preuss ◽  
Kei Masani ◽  
Milos R. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
Lower Lumbar ◽  
Anterior Direction

The ranges of angular motion measured using multisegmented spinal column models are typically small, meaning that minor experimental errors can potentially affect the reliability of these measures. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the 3D intersegmental angles, measured using a multisegmented spinal column model, to errors due to marker misplacement. Eleven healthy subjects performed trunk bending in five directions. Six cameras recorded the trajectory of 22 markers, representing seven spinal column segments. Misplacement error for each marker was modeled as a Gaussian function with a standard deviation of 6 mm, and constrained to a maximum value of 12 mm in each coordinate across the skin. The sensitivity of 3D intersegmental angles to these marker misplacement errors, added to the measured data, was evaluated. The errors in sagittal plane motions resulting from marker misplacement were small (RMS error less than 3.2 deg and relative error in the angular range less than 15%) during the five trunk bending direction. The errors in the frontal and transverse plane motions, induced by marker misplacement, however, were large (RMS error up to 10.2 deg and relative error in the range up to 58%), especially during trunk bending in anterior, anterior-left, and anterior-right directions, and were often comparable in size to the intersubject variability for those motions. The induced errors in the frontal and transverse plane motions tended to be the greatest at the intersegmental levels in the lower lumbar region. These observations questioned reliability of angle measures in the frontal and transverse planes particularly in the lower lumbar region during trunk bending in anterior direction, and thus did not recommend interpreting these measures for clinical evaluation and decision-making.

scholarly journals Permitted experimental errors for optimized variable-retarder Mueller-matrix polarimeters

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 13693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Bruce ◽  
Juan Manuel López-Téllez ◽  
Omar Rodríguez-Núñez ◽  
Oscar G. Rodríguez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Mueller Matrix ◽  
Experimental Errors
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