Fundamental design parameters of two-component optical systems: theoretical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Mikš ◽  
Petr Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Fundamental Design

Application areas of the angle reflector

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
L. R. Yurenkova ◽  
O. A. Yakovuk ◽  
I. V. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Beam Laser ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Graphical Calculation

The article provides examples of how the device known as the «angle reflector» a few decades ago has been increasingly used in various fields of science and technology in recent years. Angle reflectors are designed to change (reflect) optical and radar rays in the direction, opposite to the original direction. At present, angle reflectors are widely used to ensure the safety of road transport on dangerous road sections. Radio wave reflectors have the same design as optical ones; therefore, in radio detection and location, angle reflectors are used to send warning signals to ship radars on bridge supports, beacons and buoys. Modern angle reflectors attached to meteorological probes allow determining the direction and speed of the wind at high altitude, which is especially important in the study of the outer space. In recent years, devices have been developed to improve the accuracy of radar stations calibration. The examples of graphical calculation of angle reflectors presented in the article clearly demonstrate the primary role of geometry in the design activity of an engineer. The graphical calculation is based on the theoretical positions of projective geometry. The design and calculation of optical systems is carried out by the graphoanalytic method, since only with a combination of graphical and analytical methods it is possible to accurately calculate the course of a light beam, laser, or radio wave and thereby determine the design parameters of the devices. The article focuses on a graphical method for calculating two types of angle reflectors using orthogonal projection, due to which modern engineers will be able to create more up-to-date designs of optical systems with a wide range of applications.

Effect of effective mass mismatch in CdS/CdTe heterojunctions on the fundamental design parameters of nanophotonic devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 083096 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Villa-Angulo ◽  
Rafael Villa-Angulo ◽  
Karina Solorio-Ferrales ◽  
Silvia E. Ahumada-Valdez ◽  
Carlos Villa-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Nanophotonic Devices ◽  
Fundamental Design

Wet Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Robotic Heart

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Ertel ◽  
Stephen Mascaro
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Sma Actuators ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Cold Fluid ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

This paper presents a conceptual design and preliminary analysis for a biomimetic robotic heart. The purpose of the robotic heart is to distribute hot and cold fluid to robotic muscles composed of wet shape-memory alloy (SMA) actuators. The robotic heart is itself powered by wet SMA actuators. A heart design concept is proposed and the feasibility of self-sustaining motion is investigated through simulation and experiment. The chosen design employs symmetric pumping chambers for hot and cold fluid. Analysis of this design concept shows that there exists a range of design parameters that will allow the heart to output more fluid than it uses. Additionally, it is shown that the heartbeat rate decreases as the system increases in size, and that the number of actuators and their length limit the power output of the pump. Experimental results from a prototype heart agree with the predicted trends from theoretical analysis and simulation.

The Deresination of Guayule: A Physical Model. Part II: A Two-Component Analog for Deresination

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
S. Budiman ◽  
D. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Behavior ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Physical Geometry

Abstract Based on GPC, the worm resin can be separated into two distinct groups, large and small. To obtain the overall diffusion coefficients for the two groups that could be useful as commercial design parameters, the worms were converted into wet worm crepe. Diffusion studies with model compounds, abietic acid, and trilinolein, reveal that: (a) their diffusion coefficients for desorption into acetone are inversely proportional to their respective molecular size, (b) the diffusion behavior of the two model compounds in a mixture can be fitted to a simple additive model, and (c) their diffusion coefficients are quite similar to those of the two groups of resin constituents (large and small). It is, therefore, possible to model and optimize a commercial deresination process for guayule worms on the basis of the diffusion behavior of two model compounds linolein and abietic acid and the physical geometry.

Modeling, Analysis, and Function Extension of the McKibben Hydraulic Artificial Muscles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqing Chen ◽  
He Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Soft Robots ◽  
The Law ◽  
Soft Actuators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Compared with rigid robots, flexible robots have soft and extensible bodies enforcing their abilities to absorb shock and vibration, hence reducing the impact of probable collisions. Due to their high adaptability and minimally invasive features, soft robots are used in various fields. The McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles are the most popular soft actuator because of the controllability of hydraulic actuator and high force to weight ratio. When its deformation reaches a certain level, the actuators can be stopped automatically without any other braking mechanism. The research of McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is beneficial to the theoretical analysis of soft actuators in the mechanical system. The design of soft actuators with different deformations promotes the development of soft robots. In this paper, a static modeling of the McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is established, and its correctness is verified by theoretical analysis and experiment. In this model, the deformation mechanism of the artificial muscle and the law of output force is put forward. The relationship between muscle pressure, load, deformation, and muscle design parameters is presented through the mechanical analysis of the braid, elastic tube, and sealed-end. The law of the muscle deformation with high pressure is predicted. The reason for the muscle’s tiny elongation with extremely high pressure is found through the analysis of the relationship between the angle of the braid, the length of single braided thread, and the pressure. With the increase of pressure, the angle of the braid tends to a fixed value. As the stress of braided thread increases, so does its length. The length changes obviously when the stress is extremely enormous. The angle of the braid and the length of the braided thread control the deformation of artificial muscles, resulting in a slight lengthening with extreme high pressure. Under normal pressure, the length of the braided wire is negligible, so that the entire muscle becomes shorter. According to the modeling and theoretical analysis, a new McKibben hydraulic artificial muscle that can elongate under normal rising pressure is designed. This artificial muscle can grow longer with pressure increases, eventually reaching its maximum length. During this time, its diameter barely changes. Its access pressure is higher than that of conventional elongated artificial muscles. Through experiments, the relationship between the muscle deformation, pressure, and load still conform to this theoretical model. This model can be used for the control of soft actuators and the design of new soft robots. This extensional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles and the conventional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles can be used in the bilateral control of soft robots.

Antiviral-nanoparticle interactions and reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad D. Vecitis
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Nanoparticle Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Design

Fundamental design parameters for future development of novel antiviral nanomaterials.

Effects of aeroelasticity on coning motion of a spinning missile

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (14) ◽  
pp. 2581-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongjiao Shi ◽  
Liangyu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
First Order ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
The Stability

The coning motion is a basic angular behavior of spinning missiles. Research on the stability of coning motion is always active. In this paper, the integrated nonlinear governing equations of rigid-elastic angular motion for a spinning missile with high fineness ratio are derived firstly following the Lagrangian approach. Secondly, a set of linear equation is obtained under some assumptions considering the first order vibration mode in the form of complex summation for theoretical analysis. Finally, the sufficient and necessary conditions of coning motion dynamic stability for spinning missile with and without an acceleration autopilot are analytically derived and verified by numerical simulations based on the linear equation. It is concluded that the aeroelasticity can shrink the stable region of the design parameters, even lead to a divergent coning motion.

Practical Considerations in Designing Large Scale “Beam Down” Optical Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiba Segal ◽  
Michael Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weizmann Institute ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Compound Parabolic Concentrator ◽  
Current Mirrors

The “beam down” optics or “solar tower reflector” has been successfully used recently for testing in different projects at the Weizmann Institute of Science. There are currently sufficient data on this technology to evaluate its upscaling for commercial uses. The sizing of a tower reflector (TR) is directly linked to the layout of the heliostat field and the geometry of the ground secondary concentrator (compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)). It depends on its position relative to the aim point of the field, amount of spillage around it, and the allowable solar flux striking the TR. Its position influences the size of the image at the entrance plane of the ground CPC and the spillage around the CPC aperture. The spillage around the CPC is also directly related to the exit diameter of the CPC (equal to the entrance opening of the solar reactor, matching the CPC exit) and therefore linked to the input energy concentration, thermal losses, and working temperature in the reactor. Restrictions on the size of the exit of the CPC can influence the entire design of the optical system. This paper provides the correlations between the main design parameters and their sensitivity analysis. These correlations are based on edge-ray methodology, which provides a quick and sufficiently accurate means for preliminary evaluating large-scale beam down solar plants without the need for detailed design of the heliostat field and considering their errors. The size of the TR and the geometry of the CPC are correlated to the size of the reflective area of the heliostats field (and the power output). Thermal modeling of the TR has been performed, showing the maximum energy flux allowed on the reflector to avoid overheating, using natural cooling to the surrounding air. The current mirrors of the TR are limited to working temperatures of 120–130°C to achieve reasonable lifetime. This parameter must be considered when determining the TR position. A key issue discussed in this paper is the amount of spillage around the CPC entrance. To reduce the spillage losses, one needs to increase the size of the exit aperture (although there are practical limitations to this, e.g., due to the size of the reactor’s window). This, however, reduces the concentration and increases the thermal losses from the reactor and requires optimization work.

The Dynamic Stiffness of Controlled Hydrostatic Bearings

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mohsin ◽  
S. A. Morsi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Hydrostatic Bearings ◽  
Constant Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bearing Design ◽  
Perturbation Solutions

The first part of this paper is concerned with the theoretical analysis of the dynamic behavior of externally pressurized bearings compensated by constant resistance as well as controlled restrictors. The response of the bearing to harmonic and step function loads is considered and perturbation solutions are obtained. The effect of the different bearing design parameters on its dynamic stiffness is studied and recommendations are suggested. The second part of the paper includes a description of an experimental investigation supporting the theoretical analysis. Experiments were conducted on a single bearing as well as on a scale-model machine table supported on four bearings. Results obtained for different types of bearing compensation and loading are described and discussed. Moreover, the effect of oil aeration on the dynamic stiffness of hydrostatic bearings is investigated.

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