Accurate BFS Estimation in Simultaneous Multi-Point Sensing Based on External Modulation BOCDA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Somepalli ◽  
K. Yaswanth ◽  
U. Khankhoje ◽  
D. Venkitesh ◽  
B. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
External Modulation

External modulation of the sustained attention network in traumatic brain injury.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine M. Richard ◽  
Charlene O'Connor ◽  
Ayan Dey ◽  
Ian H. Robertson ◽  
Brian Levine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
External Modulation

scholarly journals Laser Opto-Electronic Oscillator and the Modulation of a Laser Emission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bortsov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Line ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Noise Generator ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Nonlinear Method ◽  
External Modulation ◽  
Mach Zehnder Modulator ◽  
Electronic Oscillator

The autonomous optoelectronic generator (OEO) is considered in the chapter as a source of low-noise oscillations. Differential equations are considered and methods with OEO modulation with direct and external modulation are analyzed. The complexity of both approaches is related to the non-standard way of description of the nonlinear method modulation for the internal (direct) structure and the utilization of the specific Mach-Zehnder modulator for the first stage on external modulation. The purpose of the presentation is to consider the main features of OEO as a low-noise generator. This includes consideration based on the study of differential equations, the study of transients in OEO, and the calculation of phase noise. It is shown that different types of fibers with low losses at small bending radii can be used as a FOLD in OEO. The important role of the choice of a coherent laser for OEO with a small spectral line width is shown. The prospects of using structured fibers with low losses at bends of less than 10 mm in OEO are described. The results of modeling dynamic processes in OEO with direct modulation are presented.

Deciphering how interneuron specific 3 cells control oriens lacunosum-moleculare cells to contribute to circuit function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Guet-McCreight ◽  
Frances K Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Interneuron ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
External Modulation ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Cell Firing ◽  
Circuit Function

The wide diversity of inhibitory cells across the brain makes them suitable to contribute to network dynamics in specialized fashions. However, the contributions of a particular inhibitory cell type in a behaving animal are challenging to untangle as one needs to both record cellular activities and identify the cell type being recorded. Thus, using computational modeling and theory to predict and hypothesize cell-specific contributions is desirable. Here, we examine potential contributions of interneuron-specific 3 (I-S3) cells - an inhibitory interneuron found in CA1 hippocampus that only targets other inhibitory interneurons - during simulated theta rhythms. We use previously developed multi-compartment models of oriens lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) cells, the main target of I-S3 cells, and explore how I-S3 cell inputs during in vitro and in vivo scenarios contribute to theta. We find that I-S3 cells suppress OLM cell spiking, rather than engender its spiking via post-inhibitory rebound mechanisms, and contribute to theta frequency spike resonance during simulated in vivo scenarios. To elicit recruitment similar to in vitro experiments, inclusion of disinhibited pyramidal cell inputs is necessary, implying that I-S3 cell firing broadens the window for pyramidal cell disinhibition. Using in vivo virtual networks, we show that I-S3 cells contribute to a sharpening of OLM cell recruitment at theta frequencies. Further, shifting the timing of I-S3 cell spiking due to external modulation shifts the timing of the OLM cell firing and thus disinhibitory windows. We propose a specialized contribution of I-S3 cells to create temporally precise coordination of modulation pathways.

Experimental Study on Linearity of Microwave Photonic Link with Direct Modulation or External Modulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1106002
Author(s):  
陈华 Chen Hua ◽  
邹喜华 Zou Xihua ◽  
于歌 Yu Ge ◽  
卢冰 Lu Bing
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Direct Modulation ◽  
Microwave Photonic ◽  
External Modulation

scholarly journals Insights into paradoxical (REM) sleep homeostatic regulation in mice using an innovative automated sleep deprivation method

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Arthaud ◽  
Paul-Antoine Libourel ◽  
Pierre-Hervé Luppi ◽  
Christelle Peyron
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
External Modulation

Abstract Identifying the precise neuronal networks activated during paradoxical sleep (PS, also called REM sleep) has been a challenge since its discovery. Similarly, our understanding of the homeostatic mechanisms regulating PS, whether through external modulation by circadian and ultradian drives or via intrinsic homeostatic regulation, is still limited, largely due to interfering factors rendering the investigation difficult. Indeed, none of the studies published so far were able to manipulate PS without significantly altering slow-wave sleep and/or stress level, thus introducing a potential bias in the analyses. With the aim of achieving a better understanding of PS homeostasis, we developed a new method based on automated scoring of vigilance states—using electroencephalogram and electromyogram features—and which involves closed-loop PS deprivation through the induction of cage floor movements when PS is detected. Vigilance states were analyzed during 6 and 48 h of PS deprivation as well as their following recovery periods. Using this new automated methodology, we were able to deprive mice of PS with high efficiency and specificity, for short or longer periods of time, observing no sign of stress (as evaluated by plasma corticosterone level and sleep latency) and requiring no human intervention or environmental changes. We show here that PS can be homeostatically modulated and regulated while no significant changes are induced on slow-wave sleep and wakefulness, with a PS rebound duration depending on the amount of prior PS deficit. We also show that PS interval duration is not correlated with prior PS episode duration in the context of recovery from PS deprivation.

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