The relationship between short-range motion of atmosphere and ocean and conservative and nonconservative scheme

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wantao LIN
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonconservative Scheme

Morphogenesis of the amphibian limb blastema: The relationship between pattern and form

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Nigel Holder ◽  
Susan Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Range Cell ◽  
Limb Pattern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pattern Regulation ◽  
Thigh Region ◽  
Short Arc ◽  
Number Of Cells

A relationship between pattern formation and field shape is established following the formation of rounded blastemas on lower arm limb stumps after treatment with vitamin A. Pattern formation is not affected by alteration in blastemal shape caused by removal of the dermis from the thigh region of the leg. We conclude, therefore, that blastemal shape does not play a causal role in establishing limb pattern. Data relating the number of cells present between the cardinal axial poles of blastemas and the size of blastemas is discussed in terms of short arc intercalation and short range cell—cell interactions during pattern regulation.

scholarly journals DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS OF AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. L249-L255 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASILE V. MORARIU ◽  
LUIZA BUIMAGA-IARINCA ◽  
CĂLIN VAMOŞ ◽  
ŞTEFAN M. ŞOLTUZ
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Interaction Constant ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Autoregressive Processes ◽  
Long Range Correlations ◽  
Correlation Exponent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation

Autoregressive processes (AR) have typical short-range memory. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) was basically designed to reveal long-range correlations in non stationary processes. However DFA can also be regarded as a suitable method to investigate both long-range and short-range correlations in non stationary and stationary systems. Applying DFA to AR processes can help understanding the non-uniform correlation structure of such processes. We systematically investigated a first order autoregressive model AR(1) by DFA and established the relationship between the interaction constant of AR(1) and the DFA correlation exponent. The higher the interaction constant the higher is the short-range correlation exponent. They are exponentially related. The investigation was extended to AR(2) processes. The presence of an interaction between distant terms with characteristic time constant in the series, in addition to a near by interaction will increase the correlation exponent and the range of correlation while the effect of a distant negative interaction will significantly decrease the range of interaction, only. This analysis demonstrate the possibility to identify an AR(1) model in an unknown DFA plot or to distinguish between AR(1) and AR(2) models.

The Liberal, The Conservative, and the Pope

Worldview ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Michael Novak
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Political Statement ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Relationship

Both Catholics and non-Catholics attempt to enlist the Pope as a partisan of one or another political cause: disarmament, socialization, civil rights, aid for underdeveloped nations, the condemnation of a Hitler. The relationship between morality and politics, however, is ambiguous. Good men may well disagree about which long-range or short-range political programs are best calculated to serve man's moral interests. What, then, is the present position of the Catholic—liberal or conservative—when the Pope makes a moral-political statement about the issues of our time?In its general lines, the traditional answer to this question is simple enough. There are three elements to distinguish: (1) moral principles; (2) political programs; (3) concrete decisions. The Pope's moral competence extends most clearly to declarations about principles. In proportion as judgments about historical facts, present trends, and the yet uncertain future are involved in political programs, the Pope's competence becomes increasingly ambiguous; his is increasingly but one of many prophetic voices “crying in the wilderness.”

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between sampling efficiency and short-range endemism for groundwater fauna in the Pilbara region, Western Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN M. EBERHARD ◽  
STUART A. HALSE ◽  
MATTHEW R. WILLIAMS ◽  
MICHAEL D. SCANLON ◽  
JAMES COCKING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Groundwater Fauna ◽  
The Relationship

Measuring rigid shifts at interfaces by HREM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 722-723
Author(s):  
K. L. Merkle ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Internal Interface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

The interfacial energy of an internal interface between two solid crystals can be lowered by local atomic relaxations. In addition to such short-range atomic readjustments, the microscopic displacement of the crystals relative to each other, the rigid-body translation, has been known to provide a major relaxation mechanism for the minimization of grain boundary (GB) energy. In particular, the component normal to the interface, the volume expansion, has been directly linked to GB energy, as suggested more than 30 years ago by Seeger and Schottky. More recently, detailed atomistic computer simulations by Wolf have shown a roughly linear relationship between GB energy and volume expansion for a wide range of GB geometries in metals. In ceramic GBs the relationship between volume expansion and energy is less well established theoretically. For these reasons, and also because of possible direct connections of GB excess volume to a range of GB properties, such as segregation, intergranular fracture, and GB diffusion, experimental measurements of GB volume expansion is an important task of electron microscopy.

Sc Modification Induced Short-range Ordering in ZnGa2O4 Spinel Leading to High Microwave Dielectric Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaochi Lu ◽  
Bin Quan ◽  
Kailai Zheng ◽  
Peng Chu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Microwave Dielectric Properties ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Microwave Dielectric ◽  
Governing Factor ◽  
Short Range Ordering ◽  
Dielectric Performance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Sc3+ (0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7mol%) modified ZnGa2O4 (abbreviated Sc-ZGO) ceramics were synthesized by solid-state method. The relationship between microwave dielectric performance and bonds vibration of Sc-ZGO as a function of Sc3+ modification has been systematically investigated. With Sc3+ modification, the εr of Sc-ZGO ceramics keeps steady (~10). While the τf of Sc-ZGO shows linear correlation with Sc3+ concentration increasing from -71ppm/℃ to -39ppm/℃, and the Q×f value climbs up to a maximum value (5Sc-ZGO) and then ramp down. 5Sc-ZGO sintered at 1350oC for 2 h exhibits the best microwave dielectric properties with εr = 9.9, Q×f = 124,147 GHz, tanδ = 7.98×10-5, and τf = -56 ppm/°C (@9.9 GHz). Q×f value of Sc modified ZGO increased by almost 45% compared with normal spinel ZnGa2O4 ceramics. The enhancement of τf and Q×f on Sc modified ZnGa2O4 can be attributed to higher densification, however, further Raman and FT-IR analysis elucidated that short-range cation ordering degree is another governing factor. The influence of Sc3+ modification on ZnGa2O4 bonds vibration has been discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Individual differences in intrinsic ankle stiffness and their relationship to body sway and ankle torque

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244993
Author(s):  
Tania E. Sakanaka ◽  
Martin Lakie ◽  
Raymond F. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Ankle Torque ◽  
Ankle Stiffness ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

When standing, intrinsic ankle stiffness is smaller when measured using large perturbations, when sway size is large, and when background torque is low. However, there is a large variation in individual intrinsic ankle stiffness. Here we determine if individual variation has consequences for postural control. We examined the relationship between ankle stiffness, ankle torque and body sway across different individuals. Ankle stiffness was estimated in 19 standing participants by measuring torque responses to small, brief perturbations. Perturbation sizes of 0.2 & 0.9 degrees (both lasting 140 ms) measured short- and long-range stiffness respectively, while participants either stood quietly on a fixed platform or were imperceptibly tilted to reduce stability (0.1 Hz sinusoid; 0.2 & 0.4 deg). The spontaneous body sway component (natural random relatively rapid postural adjustments) and background ankle torque were averaged from sections immediately before perturbations. The results show that, first, intrinsic ankle stiffness is positively associated with ankle torque, and that this relationship is stronger for long-range stiffness. Second, intrinsic ankle stiffness is negatively associated with body sway, but, in contrast to the relationship with torque, this relationship is stronger for short-range stiffness. We conclude that high short-range intrinsic ankle stiffness is associated with reduced spontaneous sway, although the causal relationship between these two parameters is unknown. These results suggest that, in normal quiet standing where sway is very small, the most important determinant of intrinsic ankle stiffness may be stillness. In less stable conditions, intrinsic ankle stiffness may be more dependent on ankle torque.

A model for anteroposterior patterning of the vertebrate limb based on sequential long- and short-range Shh signalling and Bmp signalling

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Drossopoulou ◽  
K.E. Lewis ◽  
J.J. Sanz-Ezquerro ◽  
N. Nikbakht ◽  
A.P. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Anteroposterior Patterning ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Bmp Signalling ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Digit Identity

It has been proposed that digit identity in chick limb bud is specified in a dose-dependent fashion by a long-range morphogen, produced by the polarising region. One candidate is Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein, but it is not clear whether Shh acts long or short range or via Bmps. Here we dissect the relationship between Shh and Bmp signalling. We show that Shh is necessary not only for initiating bmp2 expression but also for sustaining its expression during the period when additional digits are being specified. We also show that we can reproduce much of the effect of Shh during this period by applying only Bmp2. We further demonstrate that it is Bmps that are responsible for digit specification by transiently adding Noggin or Bmp antibodies to limbs treated with Shh. In such limbs, multiple additional digits still form but they all have the same identity. We also explored time dependency and range of Shh signalling by examining ptc expression. We show that high-level ptc expression is induced rapidly when either Shh beads or polarising regions are grafted to a host limb. Furthermore, we find that high-level ptc expression is first widespread but later more restricted. All these data lead us to propose a new model for digit patterning. We suggest that Shh initially acts long range to prime the region of the limb competent to form digits and thus control digit number. Then later, Shh acts short range to induce expression of Bmps, whose morphogenetic action specifies digit identity.

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