Demographic and Cultural Constraints on the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the Philippines

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-44
Author(s):  
J. Ross Eshleman ◽  
Chester L. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Cultural Constraints

scholarly journals Agrarian Reform and Democracy: Lessons from the Philippine Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. Lanzona
Keyword(s):  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Relational Contracts ◽  
Elite Capture ◽  
Credible Commitments ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Grassroots Support ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Size

Throughout the country’s history, agrarian reform in the Philippines has long been a combative issue and one that is often preceded by some form of instability and violence. Used mainly as a tool to garner grassroots support, agrarian reforms were formally institutionalized by setting up regulations on land size and contracts. Despite efforts to integrate the reforms to the markets, including the clustering of small hectares (ha) of land into large corporate estates, the benefits of the Agrarian Reform Program remained elusive under conservative demarcations set by regulations, including the definition of property rights, transformation or maintenance of state structures and the contract limitations to be formed at the production level. Land continues to be redistributed favorably to former landowner elites. This study finds that inequality in land ownership persists as the institutions set de facto political power to the elites. Under this condition, the equitable redistribution of land is an impossibility. The Philippine Agrarian Reform Programs have been hampered by high transaction costs and inadequate credible commitments, thus resulting in the erosion of market forces and elite capture of institutions. Based on agency theory, the existing regulation-based programme, which relies on the state’s power to expropriate, should give away to a more demand-driven, community-led Agrarian Reform Program that gives the parties more space to negotiate and bargain about the final allocation of the land. This involves the promulgation of relational contracts and the creation of more democratic institutions.

scholarly journals Civil Society Fragmentation and Agrarian Reform: Focus on CARPER in the Philippines

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89
Author(s):  
Mark Stevenson Curry
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Farmer Groups

Civil society fragmentation may have significant implications for rural development initiatives, such as agrarian reform program implementation. This paper assesses the issue by looking at civil society participation and cleavages in the enactment of the 2009 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (CARPER) in the Philippines. CARPER was promoted by a coalition of social and political movements, including the Catholic Church and peasant and farmer groups aligned with centre-left political organizations. It was however opposed by two discordant groups: the leftist national democratic bloc of people’s organizations and legislators, and conservative landlords. A Gramscian framework is adapted to describe the hegemonic relations affecting three engaged organizations from the civil society spectrum and to assess potential convergences among them.

scholarly journals Liberating Farmers from Tenancy Bondage: The Land and Agrarian Reform Programs of Ramon Magsaysay (1954-1957)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Eric F. Portera ◽  
Antonio C. Hila
Keyword(s):  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Land Tenancy ◽  
Colonial Policies ◽  
Design And Construction

The past economic colonial policies in the Philippines created severe issues for land tenancy and distribution patterns. When Magsaysay won the presidency in 1953, his administration carried the banner of land and agrarian reform as its core policy. The paper investigated how Magsaysay Administration’s agrarian reform policies addressed the needs of the peasants. Further, the study presents the land and agrarian reform programs enacted by the Magsaysay Administration, from conceptualization to implementation, their results, and efficacy in easing the tenancy problem of farmers. Using the historical method, the study showed that Magsaysay's land and agrarian reform program provided security of tenure to the farmers. It enabled them to become more independent, self-reliant, and responsible citizens. Ultimately, the program succeeded in protecting the farmers from the uncertainty and threat of land deprivation and, in effect, curtailed insurgency. Magsaysay's program also proved influential to succeeding administrations in the design and construction of their land and agrarian reform laws.

scholarly journals Implementation of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program of a Municipality in Negros Occidental

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Kim C. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
National Government ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Tenure Status ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Significant Difference

The implementation of land reform programs has become the point of issue in many parts of Asia, including the Philippines. This descriptive-comparative study determined the extent of implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) among the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) and implementers. Using the researcher-made questionnaire, 189 ARBs who are cultivating the CARP covered lands, and 9 CARP implementers provided data for this study. Aided by descriptive-comparative statistics, findings showed a great extent of implementation. It further revealed a significant difference in the extent of implementation of CARP as assessed by the ARBS and implementers. However, it showed no significant difference when ARBs were grouped according to the size of landholding, land tenure status, and crops planted. Moreover, there are challenges identified in the implementation of CARP that should be addressed by the DAR and other national government agencies involved in the implementation.

AGRARIAN REFORM UNDER THE REIGN OF JOKO WIDODO VIEWED FROM BASIC AGRARIAN LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Rizka Refliarny ◽  
Herawan Sauni ◽  
Hamdani Ma'akir
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Will ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Agrarian Law ◽  
Priority Program

This study raises the issue of agrarian reform draft under the reign of President Joko Widodo. Agrarian reform became a priority program in the RPJMN of 2015-2019. Based on this matter, the writer analyzes the concept of agrarian reform during the reign of Joko Widodo terms of BAL. The nature of the study was a normative research with statute approach, which was done in four ways, namely descriptive, comparative, evaluative and argumentative. The results showed that the agrarian reform draft during the reign of Joko Widodo is a concept of land stewardship and land reform. The economic system leads to a form of capitalism. It is necessary to conduct refinement of content and material of BAL implementation in order to achieve the justice and the welfare of the nation and the State. The agrarian reform program should be carried out in stages in order to obtain the desired results. It requires the will, ability and active involvement of all elements of the state.

Anti-poverty or Anti-poor? The World Bank's market-led agrarian reform experiment in the Philippines

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1557-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saturnino M Borras ◽  
Danilo Carranza ◽  
Jennifer C Franco
Keyword(s):  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The World

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS DO PROGRAMA DE REFORMA AGRÁRIA ENTRE OS AGRICULTORES DO ESTADO DO CEARÁ

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Germano Silva Maia ◽  
Ahmad Saeed Khan ◽  
Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales Lima
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Environmental Development

O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a experiência do programa de reforma agrária - Projetos de Assentamentos do INCRA entre os agricultores do Estado do Ceará. A fim de capturar os impactos desse programa sobre o comportamento dos beneficiados, em relação aos que não foram beneficiados, aplicou-se o método propensity score matching. Os resultados apontam a não efetividade do programa em gerar impactos significativos na qualidade de vida, desenvolvimento ambiental, desenvolvimento político institucional para seus beneficiários.Palavras-chave: Escore de propensão, assentamentos rurais, desenvolvimento rural.IMPACTS EVALUATION OF THE REFORM AGRARIAN PROGRAM AMONG FARMERS FROM STATE OF CEARÁAbstract: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the experience of Agrarian Reform Program - Settlement Projectsof INCRA at the state of Ceará. The method Propensity Score Matching was applied, with the purpose of to capture the effects of program on the behavior of benefited in relation to those which were not benefited. The results showed at not effectiveness of the program in generating significant impacts in life quality, environmental development, institutional politicdevelopment the beneficiaries when compared to those who are not contemplated by the program.Key words: Propensity score, land settlements, rural development.

scholarly journals STRATEGI ON RELEASING NON-PRODUCTIVE OF FOREST CONVERSION AREA FOR TORA PROGRAM IN RIAU PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ignatius Adi Nugroho ◽  
Sambas Basuni ◽  
Gita Junaedi ◽  
Achmad Ponco Kusumah ◽  
Kurniawan Hardjasasmita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Releasing Process ◽  
Primary Forests

Development process needs lands as natural resources. Unfortunately, availability of land is relatively limited. Therefore, it needs releasing process of forestland to become non forestland. In the process of releasing the forestland, there are some policies which need stakeholders to consider so the minimum required forestland of 30% is fulfilled. Releasing forestland area is possible to undertake on non-productive forest conversion area which is also for the government agrarian reform programs which is called Nawacita. The objective of this research is tooffer answer about the indicative forestland which can be used for development needs, particularly for poor people who live near the forest. The results indicate that non-productive of conversion forest can provide land for development in Riau Province for about 205,847.86 hectares (93.01%) from the total conversion forest area based on agrarian reform program. Permanent forested land which needs to be maintained as forest area is 1,102.42 hectares, because most of the area are still primary forests. For the effectiveness of releasing conversion forest area, socialization programs to inform the community is needed.

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