Civil-military Relations in Indonesia: The Politics of Military Operations Other Than War

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Muhamad Haripin ◽  
Natalie Sambhi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Operations Other Than War

Retirement Day

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Andrew Marble
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Partnership For Peace ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Operations Other Than War ◽  
Historic Change ◽  
The Military

The chapter is set at Fort Myer, Virginia, on September 30, 1997, the day General John Shalikashvili retired from the US military. The chapter overviews the retirement ceremony from Shalikashvili’s perspective as he reviews the honor guard with President William J. Clinton and Secretary of Defense William Cohen and thinks back to that night when he first laid eyes on US soldiers in Pappenheim and the role that luck has played in his attaining the American dream. The chapter also thumbnails his accomplishments as chairman: (1) confronting historic change, especially by realizing Partnership for Peace and NATO expansion, (2) was more supportive of non-traditional military missions (military operations other than war, MOOTW), (3) prepared the US military for the challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly by downsizing the military yet upgrading their capability and readiness, including by emphasizing joint education, joint planning, and joint training, and (4) rebalanced civil-military relations. The chapter ends with Shalikashvili’s closing remarks, emphasizing his love for soldiers and their families.

scholarly journals Poor PLS of Security Sector Reform and Its Impacts on Human Rights and Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Poltak Partogi Nainggolan ◽  
Riris Katharina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Democratic Election ◽  
The One ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Operations Other Than War

As emerging democracy, Indonesia is facing a formidable challenge from its Parliament whose capacity in conducting Post-Legislative Scrutiny is weak; this could prevent the country from fulfilling democratic consolidation. The country’s failure in fulfilling its democratic consolidation two decades after Soeharto’s resignation can bring it back to the authoritarian era as it has experienced only two years after the first 1955 democratic election until 1998. Applying an empirical research by directly observing PLS in the Indonesian parliament and using a qualitative method of analysis, this essay discussed the causes and repercussions of the parliament’s poor capability, which have brought the country into current setback, facing resistances from the old establishment that has made the military unable to continue reform and to change its political culture. Therefore, the Indonesian military still wants to involve in civilian affairs and businesses by making a more flexible interpretation of Military Operations Other Than War, on the one side. While, on the other, TNI’s existing culture of violence has led it to many alleged cases of gross human rights violations which could not be prosecuted until recently. In fact, Indonesian Members of Parliament’s poor capability and DPR’s weak supporting system give more complexity to the country in its struggle and success to be the third biggest democracy in the world.

Who Has “Skin in the Game”?

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Blankshain
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Reserve Component ◽  
Military Relations

This chapter examines how the changing role of the reserve component in the post–Cold War era has affected US civil-military relations. It argues that as the reserve component has transitioned from strategic to operational reserve, the part-time service members of the reserve component have become less distinct from their active-duty counterparts. The blurring of the distinction between citizen-soldier and professional soldier has important implications for key issues in civil-military relations. Policymakers previously assumed the societal disruption caused by mobilizing the reserve component would impose significant political costs on presidents who conduct overseas military operations, but this does not appear to be the case today. In addition, political activity—including serving in Congress—by members of the reserve component who simultaneously publicize their ongoing military service may exacerbate concerns about the politicization of the military.

Civil-Military Relations Post-9/11

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Donald S. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Operations Forces ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

Post-9/11 civil-military challenges associated with sustained military operations against assorted enemies in Afghanistan, Yemen, Somalia, and other regions around the world are examined through the Clausewitzian concept known as the "paradoxical trinity" of the people, the military establishment, and the civilian government. As America's wars are conducted by a consortium of land forces that General Peter Schoomaker once characterized as a "new strategic triad" composed of the Army and Marines with Special Operations Forces (SOF), the Clausewitzian framework is employed to help reassess three interrelated lessons drawn from the Vietnam War: the legality of war, the use of advanced weapons and their associated strategies, and the persistent debates over how best to employ military power focused on conventional versus unconventional forces' roles, missions, and tactics. Potential futures of landpower and civil-military relations are identified and discussed to challenge current political and military policies and stimulate further inquiry.

Implications for Policy and Theory

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Auerswald ◽  
Stephen M. Saideman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forum Shopping ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Principal Agency Theory ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Research And Policy

This concluding chapter identifies the implications of this book's study for both future research and policy makers. One implication of this study is the shedding of light on the forum-shopping process associated with military interventions. Forum shopping occurs when countries have more than one option from which to choose when deciding whether and how to intervene. The experiences of Afghanistan and Libya show that while there may be other outlets for multilateral military operations, NATO, despite its limitations, is almost always the preferred intervention forum for its member states. The second set of implications deals with the use of principal-agency theory in civil–military relations. Ultimately, the cases of Afghanistan and Libya are ideal for comparative analysis on how countries react to various domestic and international pressures.

scholarly journals The Military and Civil Supremacy in Indonesian Democracy: Towards an Ideal Model in Siyāsah Sharʻiyyah Perspective

Al-Risalah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Agus Suntoro
Keyword(s):  
Dual Function ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Function Concept ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Ideal

In the history of Indonesia, civil-military relations changed in the reformasi era with the separation of the military and the police, resulting in the removal of the dual-function doctrine and military reform. Despite so, two decades after reformasi has not formed a standard and ideal mechanism to govern civil-military relations within the framework of objective civilian control. This paper addresses issues regarding (a) how the dual-function concept and internal reform within the military; (b) regulatory issues that govern military operations other than war; (c) the ideal model of civil-military relations in Indonesia to ensure democratic life and an overview of the siyāsah sharʻiyyah aspects. Using descriptive qualitative method and conducting discussions with military and human rights experts, this paper demonstrates that military reform in Indonesia after the New Order has not yet been fruitful to accomplish the mission to form professional soldiers. The military is still involved in political and civilian life under the pretext that there is no military assistance law. As a consequence, the ideal model of civilian control that puts the military under the control of civilian authority according to siyāsah sharʻiyyah principle has not been fully successful and effective.

Light Footprint, Low Profile, Low Information

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Alice Hunt Friend
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The State ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Military Relations

This chapter examines the following questions: How do operations conducted “below the threshold” of major war affect U S civil-military relations? Conversely, how does the state of civil-military relations inform the public’s perceptions of these kinds of military engagements? In recent years the U S armed forces, especially ground forces and special operators, have spent the balance of their deployments conducting so-called low-intensity conflict or irregular warfare. This chapter examines the existing scholarship on the relationships between U S civil-military relations and Americans’ perceptions of modern military operations. It then refers to responses to the October 2017 ambush in Niger to generate insights and hypotheses about the interactions between the state of civil-military relations and public perceptions of light- footprint and (previously) low- profile operations.

Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaprak Gursoy
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
International Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coup Attempt

Since 1991, the Turkish armed forces (TAF) have experienced major transformations in the spheres of civil–military relations, military operations, and military capabilities; yet there have also been elements of continuity. While the military has come under the control of civilians, the 2016 coup attempt showed that old patterns of behaviour continue and reflect conflict among various groups and issues, including political Islam. In the sphere of military operations, TAF has participated in international peacekeeping missions, but has also become embroiled in the Syrian war and carried out unilateral operations in Iraq against Kurdish groups. Finally, Turkey has increased its military capabilities, but it is still dependent on Western powers for technological expertise. Overall, there is a mismatch between Turkey’s power aspirations and the domestic and regional circumstances it faces, leading to continuities despite the changes.

William Pitt and the Generals: Three Case Studies in the Seven Years‘ War

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kent Hackmann
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
Wise Choice ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
The Relationship

British historians agree that from 1756 to 1761 William Pitt was the driving force behind England's victories in the Seven Years' War. Historians are divided, however, in their assessment of Pitt's relations with his generals. Basil Williams concisely stated one position when he linked success with Pitt's “wise choice of commanders on land and sea.” Julian S. Corbett best represents the opposite opinion. “It is commonplace,” he observed, “to credit him [Pitt] with a remarkable talent for choosing commanders. Yet surely no great War Minister ever appointed so many bad ones.”The lines for debate are clear, and the question is vital for a general interpretation of Pitt's career and England's role in the war. Surprisingly, modern students of the elder Pitt have uncritically followed the opinion represented by Williams, and they have disregarded Eric McDermott's call in 1955 for a fresh examination of the “Great Commoner” and civil-military relations during the war. This essay deals with the question by telling the story of three English military operations on the French coast in 1757 and 1758. They are important in themselves for what they reveal about military planning and execution. More important, the story supports Corbett's conclusion by shedding light on the relationship between Pitt in London and the commanders in the field.Pitt came to power when the country's military fortunes were at their lowest point. General Braddock's defeat in western Pennsylvania and the loss of Minorca, the Royal Navy's best base in the Mediterranean, punctuated the pre-war hostilities with France. At home, the armed services were undermanned, and abroad the search for allies left England with Prussia to face the combined forces of France, Austria and Russia.

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