scholarly journals The State of Indigenous America Series: Federalism, Indian Policy, and the Patterns of History

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wall
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Indian Policy

scholarly journals Policy-Making and Connections to Violence: A Case Study of India

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Lounsbery ◽  
Frederic Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Identity Based

This paper explores the role of identity-based, or discriminatory, policy in facilitating the outbreak of ethnopolitical violence in India. A discriminatory policy is the merging of communal group identity with the state apparatus. It is argued that as the Indian government enacts policies beneficial or discriminatory to particular identity groups within the country, other groups feel threatened. Groups who feel disadvantaged by the policy may begin to fear for their own security and political interests motivating them to rebel. When focusing on Indian policy and ethnopolitical violence during the period 1945 to 2000, the authors find that, although there are many cases of seemingly spontaneous episodes of violence, when identitybased policies do occur, they are often followed by violence and/or protest.

The Indian Policy of Portugal in America, with Special Reference to the Old State of Maranhão, 1500–1755

1949 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias C. Kiemen
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
New World ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Administrative Unit

The purpose of this study is to trace the development of Portuguese Indian policy m America from 1500 to 1755 as reflected in Indian labor legislation. Special attention will be paid to the northern, more tropical part of Portuguese America which was known during a large part of the colonial period as the State of Maranhão. The State of Maranhão must not be confused with the modern Brazilian state of the same name. Colonial Maranhão included an enormous territory, very largely Amazonian, extending from Ceará on the East to Grão Pará on the West. It was created in 1624 as a separate administrative unit of Portuguese America, and its capital was São Luiz. The other unit of the Portuguese possessions in the New World was the State of Brazil, extending south from Pernambuco, with its capital at Baía. Our interest will lie primarily in Maranhão, although the legislation on Indian labor passed before the establishment of Maranhão will be considered for background purposes.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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