A Birthday Cake and Music

Ploughshares ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Benjamin Landry
Keyword(s):  
Birthday Cake

scholarly journals Bacterial Transfer Associated with Blowing Out Candles on a Birthday Cake

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paul Dawson ◽  
Inyee Han ◽  
Danielle Lynn ◽  
Jenevieve Lackey ◽  
Johnson Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Birthday Cake ◽  
Food Consumed

This study examined the potential spread of bacteria when blowing out candles on a birthday cake. Preliminary tests of blowing on nutrient agar indicated that bioaerosols in human breath expelled from the mouth may be a source of bacteria transferred to cake surfaces. To test aerosol transfer to cake, icing was spread evenly over foil then birthday candles were placed through the foil into a Styrofoam™ base. After consuming pizza, test subjects were asked to extinguish the candles by blowing. Icing samples were sterilely recovered then surface plated, to determine the level of bacterial contamination. Blowing out the candles over the icing surface resulted in 1400% more bacteria compared to icing not blown on. Due to the transfer of oral bacteria to icing by blowing out birthday candles, the transfer of bacteria and other microorganisms from the respiratory tract of a person blowing out candles to food consumed by others is likely. 

scholarly journals The H1N1 birthday cake: To blow or not to blow

2010 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-384
Author(s):  
M. B. Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Birthday Cake

Birthday cake with candles: A German custom

1902 ◽  
Vol s9-IX (214) ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
E. Yardley
Keyword(s):  
Birthday Cake

Birthday cake with Candles: A German Custom

1901 ◽  
Vol s9-VIII (207) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
G. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Birthday Cake

The Birthday Cake Mystery (review)

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Jeannette Hulick
Keyword(s):  
Birthday Cake

Birthday cake with candles: A German custom

1902 ◽  
Vol s9-IX (214) ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
Francis P. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Birthday Cake

scholarly journals Too many candles on the birthday cake: Age discrimination, work and the law

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Easteal ◽  
Channy Hiu Tung Cheung ◽  
Susan Priest
Keyword(s):  
Age Discrimination ◽  
The Law ◽  
Birthday Cake
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