"Old-Fashioned Revival": Religion, Migration, and a New Identity for the Pacific Northwest at Mid Twentieth Century

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-381
Author(s):  
David J. Jepsen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The Pacific

Immigration Restrictions and International Education: Early Tensions in the Pacific Northwest, 1890s-1910s

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-294
Author(s):  
Krystyn R. Moon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Education ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
European Americans ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Preparatory Schools

This essay explores the experiences and debates surrounding preparatory schools for Chinese students in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. These institutions attempted to expand educational opportunities for poorer Chinese students who might otherwise not have had a chance to go to school; however, most of these children also had families in the United States, who supported their children's education but also needed their help to sustain their families. American laws banned most forms of Chinese immigration, and families had to carefully maneuver through federal policies to enter the country as students, often turning to European Americans-who were invested in expanding U.S. involvement in China-for support. Because of anti-Chinese sentiments, consular and immigration authorities questioned these programs, making them difficult to sustain. Ultimately, the interactions between immigration and consular officials, education boosters, and Chinese students were integral to the development of preparatory schools for other international students in the twentieth century.

Tracing the Fur Trade

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Interethnic Relationships

The origins of historical archaeology in the Pacific Northwest of North America in the mid-twentieth century concentrated on the excavations of British terrestrial fur trade forts, but little synthesis and inter-site comparisons of available data has been completed. This chapter presents a comparative typological analysis of these early-nineteenth-century British and Chinese ceramic wares recovered from the Northwest Company’s Fort Okanogan (ca. 1811–1821), Fort Spokane (ca. 1810–1821), Fort George (ca. 1811–1821) and the Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver (ca. 1825–1860). This study helps to reveal the extent that early Victorian ideals gave precedence to the supply of British manufactured goods to these colonial outposts on the opposite side of the world and what the presence of these ceramic wares may reveal about the complex interethnic relationships and socioeconomic statuses of the occupants of these forts and the Native Americans who engaged in trade with these forts.

The Legend of Marcus Whitman and the Transformation of the American Historical Profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121
Author(s):  
Sarah Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Historical Controversy ◽  
Historical Profession

This article explores the secularization of the American historical profession through the lens of an early twentieth-century historical controversy: the debunking of the legend that nineteenth-century missionary Marcus Whitman saved the Pacific Northwest from becoming a British possession. The Whitman controversy was a key skirmish in an ongoing, and still unresolved, debate about what constitutes right practices and ideations of history in the American academy, what counts as undue historical bias, and what place (if any) appeals to religion should have in academic historical discourse. Through the Whitman debate and other early twentieth-century historical battles, Protestant providential narratives of history were purged from academic textbooks and providential historians marginalized from the academy. Taking a cue from the evolutionary schemas of religious studies scholars, professional historians cast tales like the Whitman legend—and the providential narratives that undergirded them—as primitive myths unfit for a modernizing society. The Whitman controversy thus serves as a case study into the American historical profession's transformation at the turn of the twentieth century, a transformation that remains contested and incomplete.

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