Infants' Spontaneous Imitation of Novel Versus Familiar Words: Relations to Observational and Maternal Report Measures of Their Lexicons

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Frank Masur ◽  
Doreen L. Eichorst
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Report ◽  
Spontaneous Imitation

scholarly journals Mental Health in Schoolchildren in Joint Physical Custody: A Longitudinal Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Anders Hjern ◽  
Stine Kjaer Urhoj ◽  
Emma Fransson ◽  
Malin Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Custody Arrangements

This study investigated mental health in schoolchildren in different living arrangements after parental separation. The study population included 31,519 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, followed-up at age 11 in 2010–2014. Child mental health was measured with a maternal report of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between living arrangements and mental health were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models, taking into account early childhood indicators of the parents’ relations, income, education and psychiatric care. At age 11, children living in a nuclear family had the lowest rate of total SDQ score, 8.9%. Of the children who had experienced parental separation, children in joint physical custody had the lowest adjusted odds ratio (OR)1.25 (95%-CI 1.09–1.44), for a high SDQ score relative to children living in a nuclear family, with adjusted ORs of 1.63 (1.42–1.86) and OR 1.72 (1.52–1.95) for sole physical custody arrangements with and without a new partner. An analysis of change in SDQ scores between ages 7 and 11 in children showed a similar pattern. This study indicates that joint physical custody is associated with slightly more favorable mental health in schoolchildren after parental separation than sole physical custody arrangements.

Vocabulary competence in first- and secondborn siblings of the same chronological age

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC H. BORNSTEIN ◽  
DIANE B. LEACH ◽  
O. MAURICE HAYNES
Keyword(s):  
Gender Composition ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Multiple Measures ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Maternal Reports ◽  
Assessment Measures

We explored vocabulary competence in 55 firstborn and secondborn sibling pairs when each child reached 1;8 using multiple measures of maternal report, child speech, and experimenter assessment. Measures from each of the three sources were interrelated. Firstborns' vocabulary competence exceeded secondborns' only in maternal reports, not in child speech or in experimenter assessments. Firstborn girls outperformed boys on all vocabulary competence measures, and secondborn girls outperformed boys on most measures. Vocabulary competence was independent of the gender composition and, generally, of the age difference in sibling pairs. Vocabulary competence in firstborns and secondborns was only weakly related.

scholarly journals Preschool children's views on emotion regulation: Functional associations and implications for social-emotional adjustment

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Dennis ◽  
Deborah A. Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Intentional Control ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Children’S Views

Previous studies show that preschool children view negative emotions as susceptible to intentional control. However, the extent of this understanding and links with child social-emotional adjustment are poorly understood. To examine this, 62 3- and 4-year-olds were presented with puppet scenarios in which characters experienced anger, sadness, and fear. Forty-seven adults were presented with a parallel questionnaire. Participants rated the degree to which six emotion-regulation strategies were effective in decreasing negative emotions. Results showed that even the youngest preschoolers viewed cognitive and behavioral distraction and repairing the situation as relatively effective; compared to adults, however, preschoolers favored relatively “ineffective” strategies such as venting and rumination. Children also showed a functional view of emotion regulation; that effective strategies depend on the emotion being regulated. All participants favored repairing a negative situation to reduce anger and behavioral distraction to reduce sadness and fear. Finally, the more children indicated that venting would reduce negative emotions, the lower their maternal report of social skills. Findings are discussed in terms of functional emotion theory and implications of emotion-regulation understanding for child adjustment.

scholarly journals Homestead Food Production and Maternal and Child Dietary Diversity in Nepal: Variations in Association by Season and Agroecological Zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Dulal ◽  
Gary Mundy ◽  
Rojee Sawal ◽  
Pooja Pandey Rana ◽  
Kenda Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Agroecological Zone

Background: Suaahara, a large-scale integrated program, aimed to improve diets and nutritional status among women and children, in part by facilitating enhanced homestead food production (EHFP). Objective: This study examines associations between EHFP and maternal and child dietary diversity and variations by season and agroecological zone (AEZ): mountains and terai. Methods: We used data from household monitoring surveys (n = 2101 mothers; n = 994 children, 6-23 months), which included a 7-day dietary recall and maternal report on participation in 5 EHFP activities—received vegetable seeds, chicks, and technical support and participated in training and EHFP groups. We constructed binary variables for each activity and a scale (0-5) summing participation. For dietary diversity, we used the Women’s Dietary Diversity Score using 10 food groups and 7 food groups for child diets. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between EHFP participation and dietary diversity by season and AEZ, controlling for potential confounders and clustering. Results: In adjusted models, we found positive associations between dietary diversity and chicks, technical support, and EHFP beneficiary groups; the magnitude of the associations varied by season and AEZ. The degree of participation in 5 EHFP activities was positively associated with maternal dietary diversity in the terai (β = .24, P < .001) and mountains (β = .12, P = .01) and child dietary diversity in the terai (β = .35, P < .001) during the winter. No associations were found in the rainy season. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential for EHFP to address dietary diversity constraints among this population. Variation by subnational setting and seasonality suggest that policies and programs should be contextualized.

Cognition and the verb lexicon in early lexical development

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Smith ◽  
Jacqueline Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Event Representation ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Symbolic Action ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Verb Lexicon

ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is the cognitive/conceptual basis for the emergence of verbs in early lexical development. Twenty-four 12–19-month-old children were studied through (a) observation and maternal report of their acquisition of verbs in comprehension and production and (b) observation of nonverbal behavior reflected in play. There is substantive growth in the comprehension of verbs during this period, with a rapid increase between 14–16 months in the total number of verbs and decontextualized verbs comprehended, but no similar surge in production. Children's ability to consider others in the role of actor during play with objects was linked to the comprehension of verbs during this period; also, the ability to engage in symbolic action sequences on objects in play correlated with the decontextualized comprehension of verbs. These results suggest that underlying cognitive development in event representation may be related to the increased comprehension of verbs across contexts.

The Relationship of Violent Fathers, Posttraumatically Stressed Mothers and Symptomatic Children in a Preschool-Age Inner-City Pediatrics Clinic Sample

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 3699-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Schechter ◽  
Erica Willheim ◽  
Jaime McCaw ◽  
J. Blake Turner ◽  
Michael M. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Aged Child ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Externalizing

This study aims to understand if greater severity of maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), related to maternal report of interpersonal violence, mediates the effects of such violence on (a) child PTSS as well as on (b) child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Study participants were mothers ( N = 77) and children 18 to 48 months recruited from community pediatric clinics. Data were analyzed continuously via bivariate correlations and then multiple linear regression. Post hoc Sobel tests were performed to confirm mediation. Paternal violence accounted for 15% of the variance of child PTSS on the PCIP-OR (β = .39, p ≤ .001). While the child’s father being violent significantly predicts child PTSS related to domestic violence, as mentioned, when maternal PTSS is included in the multiple regression model, father’s being violent becomes less significant, while maternal PTSS remains strongly predictive. Sobel tests confirmed that maternal PTSS severity mediated effects of paternal violence on clinician-assessed child PTSS as well as on maternal report of child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. When presented with a preschool-aged child who is brought to consultation for behavioral difficulties, dysregulated aggression, and/or unexplained fears, clinicians should evaluate maternal psychological functioning as well as assess and treat the effects of interpersonal violence, which otherwise may be avoided during the consultation.

Maternal ADHD symptoms, child ADHD symptoms and broader child outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Efron ◽  
Kirsten Furley ◽  
Alisha Gulenc ◽  
Emma Sciberras
Keyword(s):  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Maternal Adhd

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations between maternal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child functional outcomes in a community-based sample of children with and without ADHD.Design and settingIn this cohort study, children with ADHD and healthy controls were recruited through schools in Melbourne, Australia, using a combined screening (Conners 3 ADHD Index) and case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV) procedure.Patients117 children with ADHD and 149 control children were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresMaternal ADHD symptoms (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale) and child outcomes (ADHD severity, quality of life (QoL), academic competence, social-emotional functioning) were measured at a mean child age of 8.9 years.ResultsMothers of children with ADHD had clinically elevated ADHD symptoms compared with mothers of control children (adjusted analysis: 18.0% vs 2.0%, P<0.001). Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with greater child ADHD symptom severity and lower QoL by maternal report for children with (severity P=0.01; QoL P=0.003) and without (severity P=0.003; QoL P=0.003) ADHD. Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were additionally associated with increased parent-rated emotional problems, peer problems and total impairment scores in children without ADHD (all P<0.01).ConclusionsMaternal ADHD symptoms are associated with increased ADHD symptom severity and reduced QoL by maternal report in offspring with or without ADHD, and have broader negative associations with emotional and social functioning in children without ADHD. In the evaluation of the referred children, maternal ADHD symptoms should be considered and referral made to adult services where indicated.

Breastfeeding, Cognitive and Noncognitive Development in Early Childhood: A Population Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Lisa-Christine Girard ◽  
Orla Doyle ◽  
Richard E. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Teacher Reports

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is mixed evidence from correlational studies that breastfeeding impacts children’s development. Propensity score matching with large samples can be an effective tool to remove potential bias from observed confounders in correlational studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of breastfeeding on children’s cognitive and noncognitive development at 3 and 5 years of age. METHODS Participants included ∼8000 families from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal infant cohort, who were identified from the Child Benefit Register and randomly selected to participate. Parent and teacher reports and standardized assessments were used to collect information on children’s problem behaviors, expressive vocabulary, and cognitive abilities at age 3 and 5 years. Breastfeeding information was collected via maternal report. Propensity score matching was used to compare the average treatment effects on those who were breastfed. RESULTS Before matching, breastfeeding was associated with better development on almost every outcome. After matching and adjustment for multiple testing, only 1 of the 13 outcomes remained statistically significant: children’s hyperactivity (difference score, –0.84; 95% confidence interval, –1.33 to –0.35) at age 3 years for children who were breastfed for at least 6 months. No statistically significant differences were observed postmatching on any outcome at age 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Although 1 positive benefit of breastfeeding was found by using propensity score matching, the effect size was modest in practical terms. No support was found for statistically significant gains at age 5 years, suggesting that the earlier observed benefit from breastfeeding may not be maintained once children enter school.

scholarly journals Maternal report of fever from cold or flu during early pregnancy and the risk for noncardiac birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Kim Waller ◽  
Syed Shahrukh Hashmi ◽  
Adrienne T. Hoyt ◽  
Hao T. Duong ◽  
Sarah C. Tinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Maternal Report
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document