ἁρπαγμός Revisited: A Philological Reexamination of the New Testament’s “Most Difficult Word”

2016 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Michael Wade Martin
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Susnifa Atun Sholikhah ◽  
S Sumani ◽  
Brigitta Septarini Rahmasari

The purposes of the research are to describe the implementation, advantages and disadvantages, and solution from disadvantages of teaching reading by using Cornell Note strategy. The research uses descriptive qualitative research as approach and type of research. The sources of data are social situation, participant, and document. The techniques of collecting data are observation, interview, and documentation. To know the validity of the data, the researcher uses methodology triangulation. The technique of data analysis are data condensation, data display, conclusion and verification.The result of the research shows that the implementation of Cornell Note strategy has three steps included pre-activity, whilst- activity, and post- activity. The pre-activities include greeting, praying, checking students’ attendence and explaining the purpose of the meeting. The whilst- activities, the teacher explains how the procedures to read the text by using Cornell Note strategy. The procedures are prepare the worksheet, takes note in right column, write the question in left column, summarize information in bottom space, recite the note. Lastly, post- activities include reviewing and making resume of the material. The advantages are; first, can help the students to analyze the important information in the text. Second, motivate to read a text. Third, train the students’ concentration. Lastly, make the students enjoy in learning reading. Meanwhile, the disadvantages are; first, the students are difficult to know the meaning of the word in the text and make the question with correct structure into English. Besides, the solutions for the disadvantages of implementation Cornell Note strategy are; first, the teacher gives axamples the students to make a simple question. Second, the students can search a difficult word in the dictionary. In this research, the researcher also gives suggestions for the teacher, students, the school and the onther researchers.


2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 131-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Neville

AbstractThis article sets forth the contrast between the image of the horses in Beowulf and the image of Anglo-Saxon horses that can be derived from archaeology, historical narratives, wills, law codes and glossaries. It focuses particularly on the issue of colour, represented in the poem by the difficult word fealu and its derivative, æppelfealu. It argues that the horses described in Beowulf do not match up closely with Anglo-Saxon horses recorded in any century and that they would have struck the poem's tenth-century audience as very strange. This strangeness has implications for our understanding of Anglo-Saxon reception of the poem.


2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRSTEN ABBOT-SMITH ◽  
LUDOVICA SERRATRICE

ABSTRACTIn Study 1 we analyzed Italian child-directed-speech (CDS) and selected the three most frequent active transitive sentence frames used with overt subjects. In Study 2 we experimentally investigated how Italian-speaking children aged 2;6, 3;6, and 4;6 comprehended these orders with novel verbs when the cues of animacy, gender, and subject–verb agreement were neutralized. For each trial, children chose between two videos (e.g., horse acting on cat versus cat acting on horse), both involving the same action. The children aged 2;6 comprehended S + object-pronoun + V (soprov) significantly better than S + V + object-noun (svonoun). We explain this in terms of cue collaboration between a low cost cue (case) and the firstargument = agent cue which we found to be reliable 76% of the time. The most difficult word order for all age groups was the object-pronoun + V + S (oprovs). We ascribe this difficulty to cue conflict between the two most frequent transitive frames found in CDS, namely V + object-noun and object-pronoun + V.


Abjadia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Dewi Nur Suci

Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 has influenced practice of English Foreign Language (EFL) instruction. One of which is through the deployment of Socrative as the technology integration to enhance the students’ skills of listening, reading, writing and speaking. This paper was aimed at elaborating the use of Socrative in English academic reading classrooms done by students in university level. The students’ responses on their experiences when utilizing this application were revealed. The results exemplified that students used Socrative for reading activities. By collecting the students’ opinions on Socrative via a survey, it was found out that the students could enrich their vocabulary because they employed a reading strategy that should be implemented by them, such as noting difficult word(s), and looking for the meaning in dictionary. In another side, the students argued that this online application had a lack of aspect in a reading course. Further, recommendations on the practice of Socrative in EFL classroom are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nurmala Hendrawaty

Improving English vocabulary through listening can be done by using English songs that are liked by learners. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to know whether there is an influence of listening to English songs on learners’ vocabulary at LKP Nuansa Jaya English Course in Jakarta or not and to identify and classify the word classes of six selected English pop songs. This is a quantitative and qualitative descriptive research employed by 15 young learners. There is an influence of listening English song on learners’ vocabulary at LKP Nuansa Jaya since the average score of listening test is 75.33. Dealing with identifying and classifying the word classes of six selected English song lyrics, it indicates that the most difficult word class is noun (9.51%); the second is adjective (12.08%); the third is verb (13.37%); the forth is preposition (14.14%); the fifth is adverb (15.17%); the sixth is conjunction (17.22%); the seventh or the easiest one is pronoun (18.51%). As a result, to increase learners’ vocabulary knowledge and mastery, word classes are identified chronologically in every song lyric; then, it is designed into a pocket dictionary. The selection of word classes are based on the results of learners’ vocabulary scores and familiarity. The more difficult the word classes are the more examples are provided. Besides, the meaning of the word classes is translated into Indonesian to make learners easy to understand.   Keywords: Listening, English Pop Songs, Vocabulary


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Intakhab Alam Khan

<p>The prime aim and objective of this study was to explore and analyse the difficulties faced by the hospital professionals in knowing and using medical vocabulary (terms) in day to day professional life. It is generally known that English for Specific Purpose (ESP) is different from other general vocabulary courses in many ways. In order to carry out the study, subjects comprised 76 trainees who attended a professional development/training course on the medical terminology. The location of the training course was Jeddah (KSA) which was attended by four types of hospital professionals and trainees. Apart from the personal experience in the past and the current 30 hour-training, a self developed questionnaire was also used to elicit required data. The results of the survey indicated that most of the trainees faced difficulties due to: difficulties in English, Greek and Latin borrowing, difficult word-structure and lack of opportunities to practice. Based on the findings, it could be suggested that the learners should apply some strategies to pursue self-learning via web resource and peer learning.</p>


1954 ◽  
Vol 142 (907) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  

The subject of this discussion is the organization of enzymic processes within cells. Organization is a difficult word; perhaps a distasteful one to many biochemists, who often wonder whether people who ask them to study organization mean anything precise. Yet if biological activities are to be treated in chemical terms it is necessary to study not only individual enzymic processes but also the way that these are related to each other (Peters 1930; Hopkins 1935). One of the chief difficulties in doing this is that in living systems diverse processes go on very close to each other and yet in separate compartments. This may indeed be a large part of the secret of the synthetic feats performed by enzymic action. To study the relation of these various nearby processes in the cell we require above all methods providing a high degree of resolution in space. Any discussion of the subject is bound to be concerned largely with how to obtain this resolution. It can probably only be achieved by microscopy, including its recent refinements. The microscope provides a power of spatial resolution much greater than can be obtained, in most cases, by such methods as extraction or isolation or the study of electrical activities, valuable though these are in their proper places.


1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Scott ◽  
Helmut J. Hoffmann ◽  
Reginald G. Bickford

In normal Ss, a parietal-occipital located response (lambda wave) is evoked by scanning a printed block and word material (colored, and black and white) of the Stroop test. When this response is summated with a computer triggered by the eye movement, a highly reliable triphasic wave appears which can be subjected to accurate latency and amplitude measurements. The shortest latency of this response was observed when blocks vs words were presented, but there were no differences in latency in spite of increasing difficulty of material. This indicates that the structure of the material rather than mental activity affected the latency. Likewise, no changes were noted with colored vs black material. There was, however, a small increase in amplitude of the lambda wave response in the most difficult (word interference) task—a result that could be attributed equally to increase of muscle potentials and to the effect of mental activity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Brent Culligan

This study examines the application of an IRT analysis of words on lists including the General Service List (GSL), New General Service List (NGSL), Academic Word List (AWL), New Academic Word List (NAWL), and TOEIC Service List (TSL). By comparing line graphs, density distribution graphs, and boxplots for the average difficulty of each word list to related lists, we can get a visualization of the data’s distribution. Japanese EFL students responded to one or more of 84 Yes/No test forms compiled from 5,880 unique real words and 2,520 nonwords. The real words were analyzed using Winsteps (Linacre, 2005) resulting in IRT estimates for each word. By summing the difficulties of each word, we can calculate the average difficulty of each word list which can then be used to rank the lists. In effect, the process supports the concurrent validity of the lists. The analysis indicates the word family approach results in more difficult word lists. The mean difficulties of the GSL and the BNC_COCA appear to be more divergent and more difficult particularly over the first 4000 words, possibly due to the use of Bauer and Nation’s (1993) Affix Level 6 definition for their compilation. Finally, just as we should expect word lists for beginners to have higher frequency words than subsequent lists, we should also expect them to be easier with more words known to learners. This can be seen with the gradual but marked difference between the different word lists of the NGSL and its supplemental SPs.


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