The Future of West Point: Senate Debates on the Military Academy During the Civil War

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Lori A. Lisowski
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
West Point ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Military ◽  
Senate Debates

scholarly journals Coup-Proofing and Civil War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Koga Sudduth
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
The Future ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

Political leaders face threats to their power from within and outside the regime. Leaders can be removed via a coup d’état undertaken by militaries that are part of the state apparatus. At the same time, leaders can lose power when they confront excluded opposition groups in civil wars. The difficulty for leaders, though, is that efforts to address one threat might leave them vulnerable to the other threat due to the role of the military as an institution of violence capable of exercising coercive power. On one hand, leaders need to protect their regimes from rebels by maintaining strong militaries. Yet, militaries that are strong enough to prevail against rebel forces are also strong enough to execute a coup successfully. On the other hand, leaders who cope with coup threats by weakening their militaries’ capabilities to organize a coup also diminish the very capabilities that they need to defeat their rebel challengers. This unfortunate trade-off between protection by the military and protection from the military has been the long-standing theme in studies of civil-military relations and coup-proofing. Though most research on this subject has focused primarily on rulers’ maneuvers to balance the threats posed by the military and the threats coming from foreign adversaries, more recent scholarship has begun to explore how leaders’ efforts to cope with coup threats will influence the regime’s abilities to address the domestic threats coming from rebel groups, and vice versa. This new wave of research focuses on two related vectors. First, scholars address whether leaders who pursue coup-proofing strategies that weaken their militaries’ capabilities also increase the regime’s vulnerability to rebel threats and the future probability of civil war. Second, scholars examine how the magnitude of threats posed by rebel groups will determine leaders’ strategies toward the militaries, and how these strategies affect both the militaries’ influence over government policy and the future probability of coup onsets. These lines of research contribute to the conflict literature by examining the causal mechanisms through which civil conflict influences coup propensity and vice versa. The literatures on civil war and coups have developed independently without much consideration of each other, and systematic analyses of the linkage between them have only just began.

scholarly journals A importância da ciência Educação Física na preparação operacional de militares: premissas da Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos – West Point

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inaldo Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Luciano Vieira ◽  
Lilian Martins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
West Point ◽  
United States Military Academy ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
The Military ◽  
Education Science

Introdução: A Educação Física teve suas origens no treinamento físico militar. Nos dias atuais, a preparação física continua sendo uma das facetas mais importantes da operacionalidade militar.Objetivo: Descrever a importância do treinamento físico na preparação profissional do militar, por meio da observação dos objetivos e práticas educacionais do Departamento de Educação Física (DEF) da Academia de West Point (AWP) dos Estados Unidos da América.Conclusão: O DPE da AWP atinge o objetivo de preparar os cadetes para as situações que serão vividas em ambiente de guerra e faz isso com excelência, utilizando-se da Educação Física como ciência.The Importance of Physical Education Science for Operational Preparation of Military: Assumptions of the United States Military Academy – West PointIntroduction: Physical Education had its origins in military physical training. Nowadays, physical preparation continues to be one of the most important facets of military operationality.Objective: To describe the importance of physical training for the professional preparation of the military, by observing the objectives and educational practices of the Department of Physical Education (DPE) of the West Point Academy (WPA) of the United States of America.Conclusion: WPA's DPE achieves the goal of preparing the cadets for situations that will be experienced in war environment and does so with excellence, using Physical Education sciences.

Nigeria's New Political Institutions, 1975–9

1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude S. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Good Image ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Military

In October 1970, after the civil war had ended, General Yakubu Gowon reiterated his earlier pledge that military rule would be terminated on 1 October 1976, but two years before that date he postponed the return to civilian rule indefinitely on the grounds that Nigerians had not yet demonstrated ‘moderation and self-control in pursuing sectional ends’.1 In July 1975, nine years after his own elevation to Head of the Federal Military Government (F.M.G.), Gowon was removed by a coup d'état led by Brigadier Murtala Mohammed, who cited mismanagement as the immediate reason. However, after the coup, ‘well-placed spokesmen for the new administration…reaffirmed that the goals of the coup were to restore the good image of the military and to create conditions which will make reactive military intervention unnecessary in the future’.2

scholarly journals General Diterikhs’ Address to Russian Refugees (Girin, 1923)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Hoover Institution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
The Military

This article includes a previously unpublished document, an address to the military officials of the Priamurye Zemstvo Host and civil refugees. The address was written in April 1923 in the Girin camp for Russian internees formed as a result of the White Army’s withdrawal from Primorye to Northeastern China at the end of the Civil War. The address was authored by Lieutenant General M. K. Diterikhs, former head of the last White government in Russia, supreme leader of the Provisional Priamurye Government and the governor of the Zemstvo Host. The original of the address is kept in the Archive of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (Fund of General P. P. Petrov) at Stanford University. The document reflects Diterikhs’ views on the nature of the Civil War and the prospects of continuing the anti-Bolshevik struggle following the defeat of the White movement. According to the general, the Civil War in Russia had a religious meaning, being a confrontation between the forces of Christ and the Antichrist. Members of the White movement, as well as Russian society as a whole, bore the stamp of the sin of regicide. They opposed the Antichrist power of Bolsheviks only by means of physical force and lost. Meanwhile, the victory over the Soviet regime and the future revival of Russia of Christ was only considered possible through the spiritual unification of all opponents of the Antichrist and the creation of an anti-Bolshevik Brotherhood in Christ.

2. The struggle for military professionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-51
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Glatthaar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
Military Power ◽  
West Point ◽  
The West ◽  
American Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Military Professionalism

“The struggle for military professionalism” looks at the positive effect of the West Point Academy on American military expertise and the improved sense of professionalism among its graduating classes. During the American Civil War, non-graduates could make more progress in the military. The Union Army’s victory stemmed from their ability to convert their superior manpower and technology into military power. After the war, the Army and Navy suffered crises of mission. A curriculum was founded for the Navy, but at the end of the nineteenth century the Army and Navy were still not professionalized. The Navy lacked structure, and the Army had structure but suffered from an outdated military culture.

Phibun Songkhram And Thai Nationalism in the Fascist Era

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Military

Abstract During the late 1930s a political style, generally called 'fascist,' aimed at mobilising nations in the pursuit of expansionist aims had a profound impact around the world. Based on the apparent success of Germany, Italy, and Japan and the impending victory of Francisco Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War, by early 1939 many observers saw fascism as the wave of the future. Among the Asian political leaders strongly influenced by the success of the fascist states was Phibun Songkhram, the military strongman of Thailand, the lone independent nation in Southeast Asia. Phibun and his adviser Wichit Wathakan promoted a jingoistic version of Thai nationalism, sought to militarise the nation, and adopted an aggressive policy towards neighbouring French Indochina in the wake of France's defeat in June 1940. In the short term these actions gave momentum to Phibun's efforts to consolidate his power and his plans to transform Thai society. Phibun's involvement with Japan and the arrival of Japanese troops in Thailand in December 1941, however, would lead to his temporary political eclipse in 1944 and modification of the more extreme elements of his program.

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