scholarly journals Probing the Future of Mandatory Retirement in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ibbott ◽  
Don Kerr ◽  
Roderic Beaujot
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Mandatory Retirement ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
The Future ◽  
Changing Demographics

ABSTRACTThe future of mandatory retirement is at least partly driven by changing demographics. In Canada, these demographics include slowing population growth, rapid aging, declining rates of labour force participation, and slowing labour force growth. After reviewing the demographic trends and considering alternate scenarios in labour force participation, we consider the determinants of early departures from the labour force and suggest scenarios that might reverse these trends. With a decline in labour force entrants, delays in early life transitions, and possible reductions in retirement benefits, a trend to retire later would bring mandatory retirement into question.

scholarly journals The viability of pronatalism as a response to population growth decline in the Canadian context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Emma Blair
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Near Future

A decrease in fertility over the last thirty years has led to projections for population growth decline and possible population decline in the near future. Although immigration has traditionally been seen as a source of growth for Canada, current demographic trends suggest a more comprehensive approach may be needed. A pronatalist policy may help offset the long term effects of population decline if used in tandem with increased immigration and increased support for arriving immigrants. In order to be successful such a policy would need to address both the direct and indirect barriers to fertility as experienced by women and families while encouraging increased labour force participation by women.

scholarly journals The viability of pronatalism as a response to population growth decline in the Canadian context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Emma Blair
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Near Future

A decrease in fertility over the last thirty years has led to projections for population growth decline and possible population decline in the near future. Although immigration has traditionally been seen as a source of growth for Canada, current demographic trends suggest a more comprehensive approach may be needed. A pronatalist policy may help offset the long term effects of population decline if used in tandem with increased immigration and increased support for arriving immigrants. In order to be successful such a policy would need to address both the direct and indirect barriers to fertility as experienced by women and families while encouraging increased labour force participation by women.

The demography of grandparenthood in 16 European countries and two North American countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
North American ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Future

Intergenerational relationships between grandparents and grandchildren can offer tremendous benefits to family members of each generation. The demography of grandparenthood – the timing, length and population characteristics – shape the extent to which young children have grandparents available, how many grandparents are alive, and the duration of overlap with grandparents. In this chapter, we examine how the demography of grandparenthood varies across 16 countries in Europe and two countries in North America, and why it is changing. Next, we examine variation in two key determinants of intergenerational relationships – the labour force participation and health of grandparents. Last, we comment on some important changes in the demography of grandparenthood that may come in the future.

Policy Changes and the Labour Force Participation of Older Workers: Evidence from Six Countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Mandatory Retirement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Workforce Aging

ABSTRACTIn response to the anticipated pressures of population aging, national governments and supranational bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) have promoted policies to encourage the labour force participation of older workers. The recent elimination of mandatory retirement in Ontario is an example of such a policy, and others include changes to national pension systems and changes to disability and employment insurance programs, active labour-market policies, and the promotion of phased or gradual retirement. This paper reviews the different policy approaches taken in the six countries included in the Workforce Aging in the New Economy (WANE) project, placing Canadian policy approaches in relation to those taken in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. From the life course perspective, the policy approaches discussed here do not consider the heterogeneity of older workers' life courses or the related domains of health and family. As well, the changes made thus far do not appear likely to lead to increased labour force participation by older workers, and some may leave older workers at greater risk of low income and low-wage work.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ageing Population on Malaysian Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mazlynda Md Yusuf ◽  
Sarina Mohamed ◽  
Mohamad Yazis Ali Basah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

An ageing population is a worldwide phenomenon, as the results of improvement in mortality rates and drops in fertility rate over the past century. Previously, this trend was focused among the developed countries of Europe and North America but over the past 20 years, the ageing population has started to grow in the developing countries, especially countries of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia. Given changes in fertility and improving life expectancy, the figure is expected to increase significantly. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, it is estimated that 6.5% of the total population is aged 65 and above in 2018 and this figure is expected to increase to 14.5% in 2040. With the current changes in the demographic trend, it is expected that there will be changes in the amount of savings and this could also lead to changes in the economic performances in the future. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ageing population on economic growth in Malaysia by using annual data from the year 1985 to 2016. Total fertility rates, life expectancy, labour force participation rate and old-dependency ratio are variables that are used in the study. These data were analysed using Multiple Linear Regression Model and the results indicate that Malaysia is expected to experience the ageing population in the future and that it gives effect towards Malaysian's economic growth. Keywords: ageing population; economic growth; life expectancy; labour force participation; old-dependency ratio; fertility rates

scholarly journals Projecting the future of Canada's population: assumptions, implications, and policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic Beaujot
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
The Future

After considering the assumptions for fertility, mortality and international migration, this paper looks at implications of the evolving demographics for population growth, labour force, retirement, and population distribution. With the help of policies favouring gender equity and supporting families of various types, fertility in Canada could avoid the particularly low levels seen in some countries, and remain at levels closer to 1.6 births per woman. The prognosis in terms of both risk factors and treatment suggests further reductions in mortality toward a life expectancy of 85. On immigration, there are political interests for levels as high as 270,000 per year, while levels of 150,000 correspond to the long term post-war average. The future will see slower population growth, and due to migration more than natural increase. International migration of some 225,000 per year can enable Canada to avoid population decline, and sustain the size of the labour force, but all scenarios show much change in the relative size of the retired compared to the labour force population. According to the ratio of persons aged 20-64 to that aged 65 and over, there were seven persons at labour force ages per person at retirement age in 1951, compared to five in 2001 and probably less than 2.5 in 2051. Growth that is due to migration more so than natural increase will accentuate the urbanization trend and the unevenness of the population distribution over space. Past projections have under-projected the mortality improvements and their impact on the relative size of the population at older age groups. Policies regarding fertility, mortality and migration could be aimed at avoiding population decline and reducing the effect of aging, but there is lack of an institutional basis for policy that would seek to endogenize population.

scholarly journals Child Poverty in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Poor Children

Poverty is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty issue is examined on a sector and national levels. Addition it is examined in households and gender level in many countries. When these studies are examined, the most affected segments of poverty are women and children. In our study: The relationship between the woman poverty rates and female labour force participation rates were examined in Turkey. Poor children do not only occur in developing countries. In developed countries and in countries with high income levels, poor children are likely to occur. Adults’ poverty is possible to solve in time with employment, aids and donations. However, child poverty continues in the future. Unfortunately, aid to households are not enough. So the problem must be clearly demonstrated and implemented specific policies for children. Child is the social structure of the subject. Damage to children will be create a domino effect in the future. Consequently, it should be recognized and taken measures taken in advance.

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