Foreword

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. iii
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Norin
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Chemistry Division

Modern chemistry is one of the essential tools in pursuing better medical care, more efficient telecommunications and informatics, and increased agricultural production. However, certain chemicals produced and used in large quantities might cause various hazards in environmental sectors, owing to their global (trans-boundary) translocation, as well as their intrinsically hazardous properties. To reduce environmental risk of such chemicals, international regulatory measures have already been taken [e.g., in response to the initiatives of the Intergovernmental Forum in Chemical Safety (IFCS)], including legally binding implementations and national capacity building in developing countries. Herein lies the urgent need for promoting worldwide research into green chemistry (sustainable chemistry), in which the invention and application of chemical products and processes are designed to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.Indeed, green chemistry should encompass a variety of disciplines of fundamental chemistry in IUPAC, to encourage new trends of chemical research. Moreover, results of these researches could be effectively applied for solving environmental problems related to the production and use of chemicals and to create a new chemical industry in the future. As such, green chemistry research conforms completely to the mission-oriented activity of IUPAC to meet regulatory requirements for achieving environmentally sound management of chemicals. We sincerely hope that the present special issue highlighting the state of the art and future prospects of green chemistry research will encourage all chemists who intend to serve society through their research efforts.J. MiyamotoPast-President of IUPAC Chemistry and the Environment DivisionThe increasing knowledge in natural sciences and the application of this knowledge are the driving forces for the development and welfare of mankind. Chemistry plays a central role in this development. Chemistry provides the molecular understanding of physical properties of materials and other matters and thus closely interacts with physics. Chemistry also provides the molecular understanding of living systems and is the basis for modern biology and medicine. The development and opportunities of synthetic chemistry have opened a new dimension for tailor-made materials and compounds for specific purposes.The driving forces for developments in chemistry have been very strong, and there is a demand for new and efficient processes and chemicals. Aspects of sustainable and environmentally friendly processes and chemicals have sometimes been lagging behind this demand. Fortunately, chemistry also provides the tools for a green and sustainable development. Knowledge in this general area has to be integrated into the planning of all research and development in chemistry. There are specific research topics related to the development of green and sustainable processes, which need the input of new technology and novel chemistry. The present Symposium-in-Print provides an overview of recent research and development in the field. We hope that it will stimulate further activities in the field. It is planned as a first step in an IUPAC action on this subject. The IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division is grateful to its Subcommittee on Organic Synthesis and particularly Professor Pietro Tundo for initiating and engaging in this action, and to him and Profs. David StC. Black and Sofia Memoli for editing the Symposium-in-Print.Torbjörn NorinPresident of IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division

Foreword

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. v
Author(s):  
James R. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Interfacial Chemistry ◽  
Green Catalysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

IUPAC's initiatives and publications have been closely identified with green chemistry over the past several years. However, a significant milestone was reached in a project on Synthetic Pathways and Processes in Green Chemistry, chaired by Prof. Pietro Tundo (University of Venice), as a first IUPAC undertaking devoted exclusively to the theme of green chemistry. This culminated in publication of a Special Topic issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry [Pure Appl. Chem.72 (7), (2000); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7207>], which attracted an exceptionally high level of readership interest and has hitherto accumulated a record number of nearly 900 citations. Indeed, one of the papers published in that collection, Ionic Liquids: Green Solvents of the Future, by M. J. Earle and K. R. Seddon (The Queen's University of Belfast) [Pure Appl. Chem.72 (7), 1391 (2000)], boasts no fewer than 349 citations (recorded on 30 April 2007)!Shortly thereafter, Prof. M. Kidwai and his colleagues at the University of Delhi launched an IUPAC-sponsored International Symposium on Green Chemistry in January 2001 [Pure Appl. Chem.73 (1), (2001); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7301>], and have since organized a sequel in 2006 [Pure Appl. Chem.78 (11), (2006); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2006/7811>]. The record of that first event focused strongly on insights into green catalysis and methodology, and also has the distinction of heading the citation record for PAC event collections in 2001. Later in 2001, the Conference on Green Chemistry: Toward Environmentally Benign Processes and Products was held in Boulder, Colorado, under the guidance of Drs. D. L. Hjeresen and P. T. Anastas [Pure Appl. Chem.73 (8), (2001); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7308>]. This was the 14th of the CHEMRAWN series, an acronym for CHEMistry Research Applied to World Needs, that is most aptly served by this important collection of works, dealing with a range of policy, educational, and research and development issues around the title topic.Although the foregoing publication projects are explicitly identified with green chemistry, the theme features repeatedly in numerous papers arising from other IUPAC-sponsored events in recent years, or underpins other disciplinary themes, for example, in the Special Topic collection devoted to Electrochemistry and Interfacial Chemistry for the Environment [Pure Appl. Chem.73 (12), (2001); <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/7312>]. This trend is destined to continue, and is perhaps symptomatic of growing social responsibility in current research and development. Furthermore, it demonstrates that IUPAC has an ongoing role to play in fostering activities that fulfil its commitment to shaping and serving the chemical sciences in the interests of societal upliftment and progress.It is thus fitting that the Union should now take the initiative to regularize its role in promoting green chemistry, through a series of biennial conferences. It is equally appropriate to highlight the published record of the 1st International Conference on Green-Sustainable Chemistry as a Special Topic feature of PAC, in recognition of the topicality of this authoritative and representative collection of papers.James R. BullScientific Editor

scholarly journals Role of green chemistry in pharmaceutical industry: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Ripudaman M Singh ◽  
◽  
Riya Pramanik ◽  
Subhajit Hazra ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Initial Stage

Sustainability is the ability to nurture or support a process for an extended period without compromising the needs of the future generation. Sustainable chemistry is a term that refers to the creation of chemical products and processes that decreases or remove the use and production of hazardous substances. Even though sustainable and green technologies have evolved in other scientific fields, their use in the pharmaceutical industry is still initial stage. Therefore, we need to work in green chemistry to ensure its growth in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, the current review aimed to highlight the need for green chemistry or sustainable chemistry and its principles and its application in the pharmaceutical industry to practice environment-friendly production of pharmaceutical products and reduce or stop the production of harmful intermediates and products during the synthesis process.

Sustainability and some green initiatives in undergraduate education

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswathi Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
Undergraduate Science Education ◽  
Undergraduate Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Component ◽  
Undergraduate Science ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractGreen Chemistry is also known as sustainable chemistry or benign chemistry. It is concerned with developing processes and products that reduce or eliminate the use of and generation of hazardous substances. In the 21st century today’s students are particularly interested in matters that affect their health and well-being of the planet. To deal with such challenges of students the concept of Green and Sustainable Chemistry not only offers an excellent opportunity to address some of these concerns, but also provides us with a useful way to advance the way we do chemistry. Green chemistry is an ideal focus for undergraduate science education. A strong laboratory component is at the heart of many science courses. In this chapter some of the green chemistry principles and methodologies used to device certain undergraduate laboratory experiments and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Preface

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. vi ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Tundo
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Underdeveloped Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Topic Issue

The first Special Topic issue devoted to green chemistry was published in Pure and Applied Chemistry in July 2000 [Pure Appl. Chem.72, 1207-1403 (2000)]. Since then, three collections of works have been published, arising from the recently launched IUPAC series of International Conferences on Green Chemistry:- 1st International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-1), Dresden, Germany, 10-15 September 2006: Pure Appl. Chem.79, 1833-2100 (2007)- 2nd International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-2), Moscow, Russia, 14-20 September 2008: Pure Appl. Chem.81, 1961-2129 (2009)- 3rd International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-3), Ottawa, Canada, 15-18 August 2010: Pure Appl. Chem.83, 1343-1406 (2011)This Special Topic issue forms part of the series on green chemistry, and is an outcome of IUPAC Project No. 2008-016-1-300: “Chlorine-free Synthesis for Green Chemistry” previously announced in Chemistry International, May-June, p. 22 (2011).The IUPAC Subcommittee on Green Chemistry was founded in July 2001 and has selected the following definition for green chemistry [1]: “The invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances” [2].Much controversy persists about the appropriate terminology to describe this new field of research. Which term should be selected, “green chemistry” or “sustainable chemistry”? Perhaps consensus can be achieved if different purposes and interests of chemists are reconciled. If we are involved in fundamental research devoted to the discovery of new reaction pathways and reagents, “green” is the best word because it defines these intents, thus the term “green chemistry” would be the best name for this field of research. If we are interested in exploitation of a process or a product that must be profitable, then such chemical manufacture must be sustainable by many criteria (price, competition, profit, environment, etc.), and, accordingly, “sustainable chemistry” is the term that best defines this objective.This Special Topic issue has been designed with the intent to explore the restriction, or preferably prevention, of the use of halogenated compounds, whenever feasible, through the assembly and reporting of already identified information. This intent has been pursued through innovative synthetic pathways using clearly identified production drivers (e.g., energy consumption, environmental impact, economical feasibility, etc.). In past decades, scientific knowledge and feasible technologies were unavailable, but we now have enough expertise to pursue discontinuation of hazardous and toxic reagents. In fact, the replacement of reagents that are toxic, dangerous, and produced by eco-unfriendly processes is still an underdeveloped area of chemistry today.Pietro TundoProject Co-chair1. For a short history of green chemistry, see: P. Tundo, F. Aricò. Chem. Int.29(5), (2007).2. P. Anastas, D. Black, J. Breen, T. Collins, S. Memoli, J. Miyamoto, M. Polyakoff, W. Tumas, P. Tundo. Pure Appl. Chem.72, 1207 (2000).

Sustainable chemical approaches to two-dimensional nanosheets and mesoporous platforms and catalysts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sudhir Ravula
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Molecular Solvents ◽  
Layered Mos2

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Green Chemistry, also called as Sustainable Chemistry, envisions minimum hazard to improve the efficiency and performance of materials while designing new chemical processes. In general, Green Chemistry is defined as " ... the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products."[1] In recent decades, there is widespread recognition of the need to adopt cleaner, sustainable practices to enhance the quality and control of commercial products through a knowledge based approach. The goal for the researchers in sustainable chemistry is to meet the objective without compromising the basic needs of future generations. Nanotechnology, much like Green Chemistry, has revolutionized the fundamentals of all fields, serving as a classic example for emerging products in science and technologies. Despite significant achievements involving nanomaterials, the hazardous chemicals and toxicities associated with them are not fully addressed, which causes a major impact on the environment. These phenomena were especially observed for the use of nanocatalysts. Several greener approaches were utilized to produce nanomaterials or nanoparticles, which avoids toxic reducing agents such as borohydrides or hydrazine. However, chemists need to develop simple and cost-effective approaches for sustainable nanocatalysts to meet global challenges. The overall focus of this doctoral dissertation has been paid to the synthesis, controlled surface modification, and functionalization of distinct types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites through sustainable chemical approaches for environmental and biological applications. As a two-dimensional material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has drawn wide attention due to its fascinating properties and exciting application prospects. However, in order to access these properties, which lie within single- or few-layer nanosheets, the inter-sheet van der Waals interactions within the bulk material must be adequately disrupted to exfoliate MoS2 to atomic thicknesses. Chapter 2 present the sonication-assisted aqueous phase exfoliation of bulk MoS2 into dispersed single- or few-layer nanosheets using popular culinary hydrocolloids. In addition, the sterically stabilized nanosheets were successfully decorated with gold nanoparticles via an in-situ reduction by the hydrocolloids to yield plasmonic nanocomposites exhibiting excellent catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction. Chapter 3 describes one-pot aqueous photo-assisted route to produce tailored metal nanoparticles decorated aminoclay nanosheets. This method uses no heating or external reducing agent (e.g., NaBH4) nor is photocatalyst required. Finally, these nanohybrids were tested as a dual catalyst for 4-NP reduction or antimicrobial activity. Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted increased attention due to their enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Chapter 4 accounts the successful synthesis of few-layered MoS2/rGO, SnS2/rGO, and (MoS2)x(SnO2)1-x/rGO nanohybrids anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through a facile hydrothermal reaction in the presence of ionic liquids (ILs) as stabilizing, delayering agents. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements reveal that incorporation of Sn into the ternary nanohybrids (as a discrete SnO2 phase) greatly reduces the overpotential by 90--130 mV relative to the MoS2 electrocatalyst. The hierarchical structures and large surface areas possessing exposed, active edge sites make few layered (MoS2)x(SnO2)1-x/rGO nanohybrids promising nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for the HER. Conventional ILs have detectable vapor pressures, however, they are still insignificant near ambient temperatures compared with traditional molecular solvents. In Chapter 5, a simple, straightforward, and reliable isothermal gravimetric measurements were conducted on various ILs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), polymeric ionic liquids, protic ionic liquids, and molecular solvents to estimate their vapor pressures with high accuracy. The vapor pressure of ILs and DESs are in the range of 0.1 - 30 Pa at 100 - 250 [degrees]C and 3 - 161 Pa at 60 - 160 [degrees]C, respectively. Moreover, our study elucidates the trends in vapor pressure and ionic constituent's role. Based on the vapor pressure data, an investigator can readily design specific fluids on the mode of applications. In Chapter 6 reports a template-free strategy to attain a hierarchically mesoporous carbon from the cyclotrimerization of alkyne-functionalized ionic liquids (AFILs) as carbon precursors paired with paramagnetic anions. Thus, the current AFILs are shown to be viable precursors to porous carbon materials with several interesting applications, including the sorption of dyes (cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic thiazine red R (TRR)) from a contaminated aqueous stream and their subsequent degradation by employing the Fenton reaction. In particular, the mesoporous carbons were successfully applied as a selective adsorbent for separation of binary-dye mixtures (MB + TRR). Importantly, the Fe-AFILs@C can be easily removed from the aqueous solution after sorption process, and can be easily regenerated with a simple ethanol-washing step.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Green Sustainable Chemical Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hernández Fernández ◽  
Antonia Pérez de los Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Special Issue

Sustainable chemical process engineering results from applying the principles of green chemistry or sustainable chemistry to chemical process engineering [...]

Catalyzing learning with green chemistry undergraduate research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A Welch
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Isopropyl Ether ◽  
Chemistry Curriculum ◽  
Undergraduate Chemistry ◽  
Chemistry Research

AbstractGreen chemistry and sustainability are important concepts to incorporate into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. Through the development of innovative undergraduate chemistry research projects in these areas, retention of students in the physical sciences can be improved. This paper describes two projects in undergraduate catalysis research: hydrogenation of furfural and the esterification of biooil from pyrolyzed wood. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of furfural with Pd/C led to the production of furfuryl alcohol, furfuryl isopropyl ether, 2-methylfuran, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The metal chloride additives improved selectivity for furfuryl alcohol and furfuryl isopropyl ether. Catalytic conversion of pyrolyzed wood biooil in ethanol with a solid acid catalyst yielded ethyl esters, including ethyl acetate and ethyl propionate, as characterized by GC/MS These projects are described in the context of engaging undergraduate students in hands-on research for the purpose of improving retention and persistence, as well as preparing young scientists to enter graduate programs and the STEM workforce.

scholarly journals Education in green chemistry and in sustainable chemistry: perspectives towards sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia G. Zuin ◽  
Ingo Eilks ◽  
Myriam Elschami ◽  
Klaus Kümmerer
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry

Central role of future professionals in chemistry to promote alternatives towards sustainability.

Retrospective exposure assessment in a chemical research and development facility

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Gurumurthy Ramachandran ◽  
Bruce H. Alexander ◽  
Jeffrey H. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Chemical Research

Transnational Corporations as the Driving Forces Behind the World's Research and Development Activity in Terms of R&D Expenditure

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Kamil M. Kraj
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
International Level ◽  
Development Activity

As discussed in the literaturę, more and more transnational corporations (TNCs) were attaching importance to research and development (R&D) activity from the 1970s through the 2000s. This growing involvement of TNCs in R&D resulted in their dominant role in global R&D expenditure. Indeed, a comparative analysis of financial data collected for the group of the 102 largest corporate R&D spenders worldwide in 2007 showed that this group of TNCs accounted for a significant share of the worlds R&D expenditure not only in 2007 alone but also in the period of 2000-2011. Moreover, a similarity between their home countries and the countries being top R&D spenders was found; however, most of these corporations were conducting their R&D at international level. Furthermore, the analysed TNCs operated mostly in technology-intensive industries, for which the foun- dations were provided by a multidisciplinary science and technology basis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document